International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology最新文献

This article offers initial validation of the Good Lives Assessment of Domains (GLAD). Data were collected from an electronic survey of 1,484 American adults. Participants were recruited via paid research panels using quotas set to match the U.S. population on Age, Race/Ethnicity, Sex/Gender, Education, and Household Income. Participants responded to a set of items including 48 original items to assess perceptions of life satisfaction in the 11 domains described in the GLM and the 5 Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) items. Factor Analysis indicated 45 final items that loaded onto 9 unique factors, with all loadings ranging between 0.391 and 0.854 with acceptable model fit (RMR = 0.070, CFI = 0.866, RMSEA = 0.063). Cronbach's Alphas demonstrated acceptable reliability, with items achieving alpha scores greater than .7 in all individual domains and for overall GLAD scores. The correlation between GLAD and SWLS scores was .610 (p < .001). An Independent samples T-test found a significant mean difference (t = 4.360, p < .001, mean difference = 8.15737) in GLAD scores between respondents who reported no engagement in crime and deviance and those who reported engagement in crime and deviance.

Criminal exploitation is the deliberate coercion of another person into criminal activity for the perpetrator's advantage. Under the Modern Slavery Act, the umbrella term of criminal exploitation encompasses the County Lines model of drug distribution which can also include perpetrators forcing victims to commit theft, money laundering or to hold weapons. There is limited understanding of how criminal exploitation affects university students. This research therefore aimed to identify the tactics used by Organized Crime Groups to target them, and factors that are shown to increase their vulnerability to exploitation. Five published studies were included in our review which outline a number of tactics and risk factors for criminal exploitation in university students. Our review highlights the scarcity of literature pertaining to prevalence of criminal exploitation in university students and the need for further empirical research.

This article studies the effects of local dependence within the items of the first section of the LS/CMI on its reliability. Analysis were done to identify the dependent items namely through their correlations before and after Rasch modeling. Seven items were thus discarded, deemed dependent and redundant, and Cronbach's alpha was calculated with all 43 items and then with the 36 items deemed independent. Test information and predictive validity were also compared. Removing the seven redundant items did not seem to have major effects on the reliability of the LS/CMI or the psychometric information it provided, and no tangible effects were observed on its predictive validity. The reliability of an instrument should be assessed with items that contribute each in its own way. However, it is hazardous to report the reliability of an instrument known to be multidimensional with means meant to be used with unidimensional instruments.

This study examines the impact of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machining Technical Education Certificate Programs on recidivism rates among formerly incarcerated individuals. CNC is a vocational training program that focuses on machine operation, programming, maintenance, and quality control processes for CNC equipment, preparing participants for skilled employment utilizing computer software to make high precision parts for manufactures. Employing mixed-methods, this study utilizes data from the Wisconsin Department of Corrections and data from surveys and focus groups with program participants. For the quantitative analyses, CNC participants rates of experiencing a subsequent charge, conviction, term of incarceration, and time until new charge were compared to a comparison group constructed through propensity score matching. While the quantitative analysis revealed no significant differences in recidivism between the groups, qualitative findings indicated several benefits to participating in the program.

This study examined whether subscales of the Youth Level of Service Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) have added value beyond the total score. Including 238 detained Japanese juvenile offenders (ages 16-19), the proportional reduction in mean squared error (PRMSE) method was applied. Most subscales showed added value, except for Attitudes/Orientation. For the younger group, all subscales except Attitudes/Orientation showed added value. For older juveniles, Family Circumstances/Parenting, Education/Employment, and Attitudes/Orientation did not. Construct validity was assessed via correlations with prior delinquency indicators. While the total score showed consistent associations, some subscales-notably among older youth-did not, raising concerns about their relevance. These findings suggested that subscales should be interpreted according to both statistical distinctiveness and theoretical support. Subscale analysis may aid intervention planning, particularly for younger offenders, but its utility should be judged by both psychometric and practical standards.

According to the Risk-Need-Responsivity model, criminogenic needs are important in predicting violent behavior. Eight criminogenic needs are considered strong predictors: history of antisocial behavior, antisocial personality traits, criminal attitudes, criminal associates, substance abuse, family problems, poor work performance, and lack of involvement in prosocial leisure/recreation activities. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether seven criminogenic needs predict institutional misconduct in the first year of admission of Dutch patients who were admitted to a forensic hospital. Hospital records of 234 male patients were used to retrieve criminogenic needs assessed with the HCR-20^V3, with exception of criminal associates which was coded based on file review. The frequency of institutional misconduct was rated for verbal aggression, physical aggression, and sexual aggression. Exploratory analyses examined whether there was a (predictive) relation between psychopathy facets (PCL-R factors) and HCR-20^V3 clinical and risk management scales, and institutional misconduct. This study finds that criminogenic needs did not predict physical and sexual institutional misconduct, but a history of antisocial behavior and criminal attitudes were negative predictors for verbal aggression. Psychopathy facets and HCR-20^V3 scales did not predict institutional misconduct.

The Good Lives Model (GLM) is increasingly applied with justice-involved populations, but little is known about its use with youth in correctional settings. To address this, we used a constructivist grounded theory approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with fifteen practitioners from two units of an open correctional facility recently introduced to the GLM. The study explored the social validity of the model through practitioners' perceptions of its goals, integration in daily practice, and perceived benefits, while also considering factors influencing implementation and understanding. Results highlight that while practitioners valued the supportive attitudes promoted by the GLM, certain theoretical foundations were not fully clear and required further explanation. The findings underline the need to adapt training programs to the specific realities of juvenile correctional contexts. Emphasis should be placed on thorough practitioner preparation and continuous professional support to strengthen GLM practices and foster sustainable application in youth justice settings.

To examine the applicability of general strain theory (GST) for adolescent cyber deviance, this study examined how ineffective parenting practices affect adolescent cyber deviance, focusing on the mediating role of negative emotions. Using a South nationally representative and longitudinal Korean adolescent sample (n = 2,145), the current study employs Generalized Structural Equation Modeling (GSEM) to investigate the mediating role of depression and aggression between exposure to ineffective parenting practices (i.e., weak supervision, inconsistent parenting, and low warmth) and adolescent cyber deviance. The findings reveal that both depression and aggression significantly mediate the effects of exposure to ineffective parenting practices on adolescent cyber deviance. Based on these results, the theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Conscience is a diagnostically relevant concept in forensic psychiatry, but often misinterpreted as an all-or-none phenomenon. We conceptualize the conscience as a psychic function in which elements like empathy, self-conscience emotions such as shame, guilt and pride, and moral orientation work together. The differences in conscience functioning can be described in terms of developmental levels of integration. We conducted network analyses on data collected via a questionnaire survey held among 52 offending and 243 non-offending juveniles. We displayed two networks: One representing the non-offenders' normative and one representing the offenders' defiantly maturing conscience. As was hypothesized, in the non-offenders network, almost all elements clustered into one clinically meaningful network, indicating integration of the different elements of the normative maturing conscience. In the offenders network, the correlations between the elements were sporadic, indicating a lack of integration of the defiantly maturing conscience. The difference between the two networks was more prominent for empathy and moral orientation than for self-conscious emotions. This research supports the theory of differences in maturation of conscience instead of being an all-or-none phenomenon and calls for further research, taking a deeper look at the significance of integration of the conscience and its implications for offending behaviour.

This study investigates how deterministic and indeterministic perceptions influence criminal identity among adolescents involved in gangs. The research compares two distinct groups: (1) persistent offenders with ongoing gang involvement and criminal activities, and (2) desisting offenders with past gang involvement but no current participation. The analysis reveals two key findings. First, adolescents who developed indeterministic perceptions of gang lifestyle demonstrated increased capacity to question gang involvement and exhibited greater potential for gang disengagement. Second, persistent offenders who maintained deterministic perceptions of their gang involvement showed intensified criminal identity and continued delinquent behavior. We conclude that, first, processes of indeterministic perceptions assist in the development of identity transformation among adolescents at gangs and, consequently, in gang exit; second, process of free choice serves as opportunities for indeterministic perceptions and possible shift from a criminal lifestyle to a normal one.