International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology最新文献

The convergence of Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy and sadism is known as the "Dark Tetrad." Our understanding of the relationship between the Dark Tetrad, harassment and Rape Myths is limited. While men are more likely to blame victims of sexual violence, it is unclear how gender influences the ability to perceive harassment. The aim of the present study is to look at the relationship between dark traits, gender, Rape Myths and perception of harassment. A sample of N = 210 university students located in England & Wales were recruited on SONA and social media platforms. Student's t-tests, Pearson's correlations, and multiple linear regressions were conducted. Analyses revealed gender differences for both Rape Myths endorsement and perception of harassment. Furthermore, a relationship between the dark traits, Rape Myths and perception of harassment was founded. These results have several implications, including our ability to understand perpetrators' characteristics, the impact of the Dark Tetrad on Rape Myths and perception of harassment, and our ability to develop effective prevention programs.

Among the stereotypes of female delinquency, the article focuses on "bad women" par excellence, that is to say, those convicted of murder who have not benefited from the possibility of being perceived and portrayed as "victims" because of their unorthodox femininity. The aim of the study was to understand how the label of "bad woman" is incorporated into the narration of identity of five women condemned for murder; to this end, we focus on the narratives implemented in order to cope with the stigma (narrative criminology), tracing them back to their past and the traumatic experiences they lived (psychosocial criminology). Four narratives emerge: the denied stigma, the disregarded stigma, the despairing stigma and the processed stigma. Psychosocial criminology consents to "go beyond" the surface and to find a "fil rouge" that can explain the discrepancies and the contradictions found in the way of coping with the imposed label.

The Indonesian Muslim community is familiar with restorative justice. The substance of restorative justice is building joint participation between perpetrators and victims through third parties. The objectives of this study are: to describe restorative justice in the traditions of Indonesian Muslim society and to examine the relevance of restorative justice for the settlement of criminal cases in the future. This research uses a philosophical approach, namely legal construction at an ideal level in the future. The results show that the restorative justice approach has strong roots in Indonesian Muslim society, namely deliberation to reach a consensus. Deliberative institutions are held to find solutions that can satisfy all parties. In the future, restoration justice needs to be applied in Indonesia in resolving criminal cases, especially crimes against life. The restorative justice approach offers a different view from the approach applied in the current criminal system.

Using an experimental design and a multi-measure and multi-informant approach, the current study sought to evaluate the impact of the early developmental prevention program "ZARPAR"-an intervention designed as a social and cognitive skills training program, that seeks to promote children's behavioral adjustment. A sample of elementary school children (experimental group n = 37; control group n = 66), attending Portuguese schools, was assessed before and 6 months after the intervention on the program's key-dimensions: behavioral problems, social skills, and executive functioning. Based on parent and teacher reports, the results largely suggested that the intervention had no effect or, for some dimensions, even the existence of negative outcomes. Possible reasons for these results are discussed. The current study highlights that, despite the overwhelmingly positive message about developmental prevention programs, not all interventions work, thus reinforcing the need for rigorous evaluations, in order to enhance the success of future interventions.

This research examines how participation in the Israeli Prisoner Rehabilitation Authority supervised therapy program for paroled prisoners can reinforce Jewish and Arab prisoners' locus of control given their cultural diversity. Research participants included 108 paroled prisoners who had taken part in the program during 2019 to 2020. The program appears to have made a positive contribution to participants' locus of control, particularly among Jewish parolees. For Arab parolees, the program's strongest contribution was alleviating their apprehensions about returning to prison. Possible Theoretical explanations are offered for this finding, by referring to the concept of "culture-sensitive care" and the potential contribution of a change in perspective regarding the process of ending delinquency.

Peer support services, including certified recovery specialists (CRSs), have been of increasing interest to treatment scholars. However, if and how such services assist justice-involved individuals with substance use disorders during community reentry is less understood. This pilot study provided CRS services to both reentrants and their family members during the transition from close custody confinement to community supervision, a perilous period in which risks of relapse and rearrest peak. Post-intervention interviews with nine of fifteen recruited reentrants and four of five recruited family members in central Pennsylvania were analyzed using iterative thematic coding. Participants perceived CRS services as essential for the reentry and recovery process. Interviewees identified CRS's lived experience, advocacy, availability, empathy, and family outreach as key mechanisms of recovery success. These results highlight the importance of CRS services for recovery capital during the community reentry transition.

Two notable gaps remain undressed in deterrence literature: (a) few studies on perceptual deterrence were conducted in non-Western societies, and (b) a lack of direct comparison between offenders and nonoffenders. This study investigated the perceived risk levels associated with different sanctions and controlling mechanisms and whether criminal experience affects one's perceived risk levels based on the data drawn from non-offenders and active offenders in China. The study found that most of both offenders and non-offenders either agreed or strongly agreed that capital punishment, imprisonment, and police patrol serve as powerful deterrents to crime. Findings showed that offenders exhibited higher levels of perceived deterrence; personal criminal experience is a significant predictor for the perceived deterrence of neighborhood watches only.

This study examines forgiveness-seeking behaviors among online romance fraudsters in Ghana, focusing on how Sakawa actors navigate moral guilt. Employing Moral Disengagement Theory and Cultural Criminology perspectives, the study revealed three themes: the motivation for seeking forgiveness, its associated rituals, and its role in victim selection. The findings show that Sakawa actors in Ghana exploit social interpretations of forgiveness to navigate the divine repercussions of Sakawa and to manipulate victims rather than as a genuine effort toward reconciliation or desistance from online romance fraud. The results suggest that although seeking forgiveness is often regarded as a social and moral virtue, an offender's intent to seek forgiveness does not necessarily indicate a willingness to cease criminal behaviors. The findings also reveal the potential criminogenic dimensions of forgiveness, raising questions about its virtue and suggesting the need for further research into forgiveness narratives, particularly within the context of fraud.

Historically, American correctional institutions were designed for men. An increase in incarcerated females has required states to grapple with issues related to menstrual hygiene, including menstrual cycles. While the federal government requires that women and persons who menstruate in federal prisons be supplied with minimal menstrual hygiene supplies, there is no such mandate for menstruators incarcerated in state prisons. We conducted a review and analysis of state legal statutes and Department of Corrections' (DoC) policies pertaining to menstrual product provision to incarcerated individuals in the United States. We assessed state statutes and policies for product type, amount and quality, requisition process, and cost. Forty-six jurisdictions had policy between state statute or a DoC manual or handbook. Results indicate policies regarding procurement processes and amount provided were vague.

This systematic review aims to review awareness and willingness for PrEP use in the prison complex and the factors influencing PrEP uptake among people incarcerated in state or federal prisons. We searched MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, and Scopus for relevant articles. Qualitative or quantitative studies focusing on incarcerated population, and outcome measures such as knowledge, willingness, or influencing factors for PrEP uptake were included. A narrative method was used to summarise the findings. Inmates' knowledge of PrEP was very low. Inmates who were briefly introduced to PrEP showed a favourable attitude and willingness toward it. However, low-risk perception of HIV, fear of stigma, jail policies, low priority to health overall, appointment issues, transportation problems, depression, substance misuse, and budgetary limitations after release were perceived as barriers to its uptake and continuation. PrEP is a much-needed HIV prevention strategy for the incarcerated population. However, removing the structural and social obstacles to sustained adherence is imperative.