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The Role of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation in the Intergenerational Transmission of Childhood Abuse: A Family Study. 精神病理学和情绪调节在童年虐待代际传递中的作用:一项家庭研究
IF 4.5 2区 社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/10775595231223657
Cosima A Nimphy, Marie-Louise J Kullberg, Katharina Pittner, Renate Buisman, Lisa van den Berg, Lenneke Alink, Marian Bakermans-Kranenburg, Bernet M Elzinga, Marieke Tollenaar

Previous studies have shown that parents with a history of childhood abuse are at increased risk of perpetrating child abuse. To break the cycle of childhood abuse we need to better understand the mechanisms that play a role. In a cross-sectional extended family design including three generations (N = 250, 59% female), we examined the possible mediating role of parental psychopathology and emotion regulation in the association between a history of childhood abuse and perpetrating child abuse. Parents' own history of childhood abuse was associated with perpetrating abuse toward their children, and externalizing (but not internalizing) problems partially mediated this association statistically. Implicit and explicit emotion regulation were not associated with experienced or perpetrated abuse. Findings did not differ across fathers and mothers. Findings underline the importance of (early) treatment of externalizing problems in parents with a history of childhood abuse, to possibly prevent the transmission of child abuse.

以往的研究表明,有童年虐待史的父母虐待儿童的风险更高。为了打破虐待儿童的恶性循环,我们需要更好地了解其中的作用机制。在一项包括三代人(N = 250,59% 为女性)的横断面大家庭设计中,我们研究了父母的精神病理学和情绪调节在童年虐待史与虐待儿童之间可能存在的中介作用。父母自身的童年虐待史与对子女实施虐待有关,外化问题(而非内化问题)在统计学上对这种关联起到了部分中介作用。内隐和外显情绪调节与虐待经历或虐待行为无关。父亲和母亲的研究结果没有差异。研究结果凸显了(早期)治疗有童年虐待史的父母的外化问题的重要性,从而有可能防止虐待儿童行为的传播。
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引用次数: 0
Contamination in Observational Research on Child Maltreatment: A Conceptual and Empirical Review With Implications for Future Research. 儿童虐待观察研究中的污染:儿童虐待观察研究中的污染:概念与经验回顾及对未来研究的启示》(A Conceptual and Empirical Review With Implications for Future Research)。
IF 4.5 2区 社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.1177/10775595231224472
Chad E Shenk, Kenneth A Shores, Nilam Ram, John M Felt, Ulziimaa Chimed-Ochir, Anneke E Olson, Zachary F Fisher

Contamination is a methodological phenomenon occurring in child maltreatment research when individuals in an established comparison condition have, in reality, been exposed to maltreatment during childhood. The current paper: (1) provides a conceptual and methodological introduction to contamination in child maltreatment research, (2) reviews the empirical literature demonstrating that the presence of contamination biases causal estimates in both prospective and retrospective cohort studies of child maltreatment effects, (3) outlines a dual measurement strategy for how child maltreatment researchers can address contamination, and (4) describes modern statistical methods for generating causal estimates in child maltreatment research after contamination is controlled. Our goal is to introduce the issue of contamination to researchers examining the effects of child maltreatment in an effort to improve the precision and replication of causal estimates that ultimately inform scientific and clinical decision-making as well as public policy.

污染是指在儿童虐待研究中出现的一种方法学现象,即处于既定比较条件下的个体实际上在童年时期受到过虐待。本文(1)从概念和方法上介绍了儿童虐待研究中的污染问题;(2)回顾了实证文献,这些文献表明,在对儿童虐待影响的前瞻性和回顾性队列研究中,污染的存在会导致因果关系估计值出现偏差;(3)概述了儿童虐待研究人员如何解决污染问题的双重测量策略;(4)介绍了在控制污染后,在儿童虐待研究中生成因果关系估计值的现代统计方法。我们的目标是向研究儿童虐待影响的研究人员介绍污染问题,努力提高因果估算的精确性和可重复性,最终为科学和临床决策以及公共政策提供依据。
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引用次数: 0
Child Protective Services Reports After Reunification: An Examination of the Risk of Being Rereported to Child Protective Services After Returning Home From Foster Care. 团聚后的儿童保护服务报告:从寄养家庭回家后被重新报告给儿童保护服务的风险检查。
IF 4.5 2区 社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.1177/10775595231208705
Dylan Jones, Melissa Jonson-Reid

While a number of studies have examined the risk of reentry after exiting foster care, few studies have examined the risk of rereport to Child Protective Services (CPS) in the United States. Understanding more about rereports may help identify targets for supportive services that prevent reentry and promote safety. This study is the first to use nation-wide linked data to examine the risk of rereport for reunified children. The sample included children reunified after experiencing their first episode in foster care with at least one CPS report prior to care. With a 2000-day observation period, flexible parametric survival models with time varying hazard ratios were used to model the hazard or rereport conditional on prior CPS and foster care characteristics. Over 50% of the sample experienced a rereport after reunification. Results indicate that children entering foster care following a history of multiple CPS reports prior to placement were at substantially increased risk of rereport after returning home. A group of children with shorter stays in care had a high risk of recurrence within the first month, but this was not true over time. Implications for future research as well as permanency planning and addressing the needs of families with chronic reports are discussed.

虽然许多研究考察了离开寄养后重返社会的风险,但很少有研究考察了重返美国儿童保护服务机构(CPS)的风险。了解更多关于重返大气层的信息可能有助于确定防止重返大气层和促进安全的支持性服务的目标。这项研究首次使用全国范围的关联数据来检查团聚儿童重新报告的风险。样本包括在寄养中经历第一次发作后团聚的儿童,在寄养前至少有一份CPS报告。在2000天的观察期内,使用具有时变危险比的灵活参数生存模型来对危险进行建模,或根据先前的CPS和寄养特征重新报告。超过50%的样本在统一后经历了重新报告。结果表明,在安置前有多次CPS报告史的儿童进入寄养家庭后,回家后再次报告的风险显著增加。一组住院时间较短的儿童在第一个月内复发的风险很高,但随着时间的推移,情况并非如此。讨论了对未来研究的影响,以及长期规划和解决有长期报告的家庭的需求。
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引用次数: 0
Contexts and Characteristics of Imaged-Based Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children: Incident Dynamics in a National Sample. 基于图像的儿童性剥削和性虐待的背景和特征:全国样本中的事件动态。
IF 4.5 2区 社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1177/10775595241233970
Heather A Turner, David Finkelhor, Deirdre Colburn

This paper describes incident characteristics and dynamics associated with six specific forms of image-based sexual exploitation and abuse of children (IBSEAC). Data were collected on a national sample of 2639 individuals aged 18-to-28 from a probability-based online panel. Respondents completed a self-administered survey questionnaire, providing detailed follow-up information on their experiences of image-based sexual victimization before the age of 18. A total of 607 incidents of IBSEAC were included in the analyses. Findings show substantial diversity in incident characteristics within and across the six forms of IBSEAC (nonconsensual sharing of sexual images, nonconsensual taking or making of images, forced image recruitment, threatened sharing, voluntary image sharing with an older adult, and commercial sexual exploitation involving images). Some notable patterns include frequent involvement of perpetrators who are other youth or young adults, who are known in-person to the victim, and who are intimate partners. The diversity and complexity of dynamics revealed in this study underscores the need for careful design and evaluation of prevention programs and the core messages directed at youth.

本文描述了与六种特定形式的基于图像的儿童性剥削和性虐待(IBSEAC)相关的事件特征和动态。本文从一个基于概率的在线小组中收集了 2639 个年龄在 18-28 岁之间的全国样本数据。受访者填写了一份自填式调查问卷,提供了他们在 18 岁之前遭受图像性侵害的详细后续信息。共有 607 起 IBSEAC 事件被纳入分析。研究结果表明,在六种形式的 IBSEAC(未经同意共享性图像、未经同意拍摄或制作图像、强迫征用图像、威胁共享图像、自愿与老年人共享图像以及涉及图像的商业性剥削)中,事件特征存在很大差异。一些值得注意的模式包括犯罪者经常是其他青年或年轻成年人、受害者本人认识的人以及亲密伴侣。本研究中揭示的动态的多样性和复杂性强调了对预防计划和针对青少年的核心信息进行精心设计和评估的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Linked Child Welfare and Medicaid Data in Kentucky and Florida Highlights Racial Disparities in Access to Care. 肯塔基州和佛罗里达州的儿童福利和医疗补助关联数据凸显了在获得护理方面的种族差异。
IF 4.5 2区 社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1177/10775595241234569
Tami L Mark, Melissa Dolan, Benjamin Allaire, William Parish, Diana Poehler, Claire Strack, Emily Madden, Valeria Butler

Parents with serious mental health (MH) and substance use disorders (SUD) can face profound challenges caring for their children. MH/SUD treatment can improve outcomes for both parents and their children. This study evaluated whether parents with Medicaid with MH/SUD conditions whose children had child protective services (CPS) involvement were receiving MH/SUD treatment and whether receipt differed by race. We analyzed the 2020 Child and Caregiver Outcomes Using Linked Data (CCOULD) which contains Medicaid and child welfare records from Kentucky and Florida on 58,551 CPS-involved caregivers. Among caregivers with an MH diagnosis, White individuals were more likely than Black individuals to have received counseling (42% vs. 20%) or an MH medication (69% vs. 52%). Among caregivers with an SUD, White individuals were more likely than Black individuals to have received counseling (43% vs. 20%) or an SUD medication (43% vs. 11%). More effort is needed to connect parents with CPS involvement to MH/SUD treatment, particularly Black parents.

患有严重精神健康(MH)和药物使用障碍(SUD)的父母在照顾子女时可能会面临巨大的挑战。MH/SUD 治疗可以改善父母及其子女的状况。本研究评估了有儿童保护服务(CPS)介入的、患有 MH/SUD 的医疗补助父母是否接受了 MH/SUD 治疗,以及接受治疗的情况是否因种族而异。我们分析了 2020 年使用关联数据的儿童和照顾者结果(CCOULD),该数据包含肯塔基州和佛罗里达州的医疗补助和儿童福利记录,涉及 58,551 名参与 CPS 的照顾者。在确诊患有精神疾病的照顾者中,白人比黑人更有可能接受心理咨询(44% 对 24%)或精神疾病药物治疗(69% 对 52%)。在患有药物滥用症的照护者中,白人比黑人更有可能接受过心理咨询(45% 对 23%)或药物滥用症治疗(43% 对 11%)。需要做出更多努力,将涉及 CPS 的父母与 MH/SUD 治疗联系起来,尤其是黑人父母。
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引用次数: 0
Parenting, Child Maltreatment, and Social Disadvantage: A Population-Based Implementation and Evaluation of the Triple P System of Evidence-Based Parenting Support. 养育子女、虐待儿童和社会不利条件:以人口为基础的 "三P "循证育儿支持系统的实施与评估》(A Population-Based Implementation and Evaluation of the Triple P System of Evidence-Based Parenting Support)。
IF 4.5 2区 社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1177/10775595241259994
Matthew R Sanders, Denise Clague, Tomasz Zając, Janeen Baxter, Mark Western, Carys Chainey, Alina Morawska, Wojtek Tomaszewski, Ronald J Prinz, Kylie Burke

Child Maltreatment (CM) is a widespread public health problem, with adverse outcomes for children, families, and communities. Evidence-based parenting support delivered via a public health approach may be an effective means to prevent CM. The Every Family 2 population trial applied a public health approach to delivering evidence-based parenting support to prevent CM in disadvantaged communities. Using a quasi-experimental design, 64 matched low socioeconomic communities in the Australian states of Queensland and New South Wales received either the full multi-level Triple P system (TPS) of parenting support, or Care as Usual (CAU). Two population indicators of CM, the number of substantiated cases of CM, and the number of notifications of CM to protective services were compared using Welch's t-test to evaluate intervention effectiveness. After two years of intervention, medium to large effect sizes favoring TPS communities were found for substantiations (d = 0.57, p < .05) and notifications (d = 1.86, p < .001). These findings show the value of the TPS, deployed using a public health approach, in efforts to prevent CM in socially disadvantaged communities. A number of uncontrolled contextual factors are described that may have contributed to some of the differences detected between TPS and CAU communities.

虐待儿童(CM)是一个普遍存在的公共卫生问题,对儿童、家庭和社区都有不利影响。通过公共卫生方法提供循证育儿支持可能是预防儿童虐待的有效手段。每个家庭 2 人口 "试验采用公共卫生方法,在弱势社区提供循证亲职支持,以预防儿童虐待。通过准实验设计,澳大利亚昆士兰州和新南威尔士州的 64 个匹配的低社会经济社区接受了完整的多层次三P系统(TPS)育儿支持或常规护理(CAU)。我们使用韦尔奇 t 检验法比较了儿童疾病的两个人口指标,即儿童疾病确诊病例数和儿童疾病保护服务通知数,以评估干预效果。经过两年的干预后,发现在证实(d = 0.57,p < .05)和通知(d = 1.86,p < .001)方面,中到大的效应大小有利于 TPS 社区。这些研究结果表明,在社会处境不利的社区,采用公共卫生方法部署的 TPS 在预防中风方面具有重要价值。本文描述了一些未受控制的背景因素,这些因素可能是造成在 TPS 社区和 CAU 社区之间发现的某些差异的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Early Childhood Income Instability and Mental Health in Adolescence: Parenting Stress and Child Maltreatment as Mediators. 儿童早期收入不稳定与青春期心理健康:作为调解因素的养育压力和儿童虐待。
IF 4.5 2区 社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1177/10775595241236389
Liwei Zhang, Yuerong Liu, Melissa Jonson-Reid

Ample research has examined how point-in-time or static measures of economic deprivation are associated with children's mental health outcomes. Less is known about the relationship between early childhood unstable income and mental health outcomes. Using the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, this study examined (1) the latent patterns of early childhood economic well-being, predicted by income level and instability (i.e., direction and frequency of income change); (2) the association of income deprivation patterns with subsequent anxiety and depression symptoms, paying particular attention to the mediating roles of parenting stress and child maltreatment risk. The latent class analysis results suggested four distinct groups representing different combinations of income level and instability. Structural equation modeling results indicated indirect links between income deprivation patterns and mental health outcomes, through parenting stress and physical and psychological abuse. Findings indicated the importance of policies and programs promoting economic stability over the long run.

已有大量研究探讨了经济贫困的时间点或静态衡量标准与儿童心理健康结果之间的关系。而关于儿童早期不稳定收入与心理健康结果之间关系的研究则较少。本研究利用 "家庭未来与儿童福祉研究"(Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study),考察了(1)由收入水平和不稳定性(即收入变化的方向和频率)预测的幼儿期经济福祉的潜在模式;(2)收入剥夺模式与随后的焦虑和抑郁症状之间的关联,尤其关注了养育压力和儿童虐待风险的中介作用。潜类分析结果表明,四个不同的组别代表了收入水平和不稳定性的不同组合。结构方程建模结果表明,通过养育压力和身体及心理虐待,收入剥夺模式与心理健康结果之间存在间接联系。研究结果表明,从长远来看,促进经济稳定的政策和计划非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Caseworker Visitation After Reunification and Children's Reentry Into Foster Care: A Survival Analysis. 重新团聚后的个案工作者探视与儿童重新进入寄养家庭:生存分析。
IF 4.5 2区 社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1177/10775595241253528
Haksoon Ahn, Terry Shaw, Jinyung Kim, Kimberly Williams, Elsa Moeller, Yoonzie Chung

To prevent children from reentering the welfare system, it is crucial to understand the role of caseworker visits after reunification on reentry and identify the factors related to reentry. Utilizing the administrative data of one Mid-Atlantic state, children who reunified with their families between July 2016 and June 2020 were selected as the study sample (N = 3,510). Reentry rates were higher for children who did not have caseworker visits after reunification than for those who did. The survival analysis revealed that male children, living in metropolitan areas, having a prior history of removal, having a behavioral issue, and court-ordered return increased the risk of reentry, while Black children, older children, having a last placement as trial home visit, and caseworker visits after reunification decreased the risk of reentry. The study suggests formally outlining policies for post-reunification caseworker visits and increasing collaboration between the child welfare system and court system.

为了防止儿童再次进入福利系统,了解与家人团聚后个案工作者的探访对儿童再次进入福利系统的影响并确定与儿童再次进入福利系统相关的因素至关重要。我们利用大西洋中部一个州的行政数据,选取了 2016 年 7 月至 2020 年 6 月期间与家人团聚的儿童作为研究样本(样本数 = 3,510 人)。团聚后未接受个案工作者探访的儿童的重返率高于接受探访的儿童。生存分析表明,男性儿童、居住在大都市地区的儿童、有过遣送史的儿童、有行为问题的儿童以及被法院强制遣返的儿童会增加重返家园的风险,而黑人儿童、年龄较大的儿童、最后一次安置为试用家访的儿童以及团聚后有个案工作者探访的儿童会降低重返家园的风险。研究建议正式制定团聚后个案工作者探访的政策,并加强儿童福利系统与法院系统之间的合作。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of Diverse Genders and Sexualities in Australia and Associations With Five Forms of Child Maltreatment and Multi-type Maltreatment. 澳大利亚不同性别和性取向的普遍性以及与五种儿童虐待形式和多种虐待形式之间的关联》(Prevalence of Diverse Genders and Sexualities in Australia and Associations With Five Forms of Child Maltreatment and Multi-type Maltreatment.
IF 4.5 2区 社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1177/10775595231226331
Daryl J Higgins, David Lawrence, Divna M Haslam, Ben Mathews, Eva Malacova, Holly E Erskine, David Finkelhor, Rosana Pacella, Franziska Meinck, Hannah J Thomas, James G Scott

This study presents the most comprehensive national prevalence estimates of diverse gender and sexuality identities in Australians, and the associations with five separate types of child maltreatment and their overlap (multi-type maltreatment). Using Australian Child Maltreatment Study (ACMS) data (N = 8503), 9.5% of participants identified with a diverse sexuality and .9% with a diverse gender. Diverse identities were more prevalent in the youth cohort, with 17.7% of 16-24 years olds identifying with a diverse sexuality and 2.3% with a diverse gender. Gender and sexuality diversity also intersect - for example, with women (aged 16-24 and 25-44) more likely than men to identify as bisexual. The prevalence of physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect and exposure to domestic violence was very high for those with diverse sexuality and/or gender identities. Maltreatment was most prevalent for participants in the youth cohort with diverse gender identities (90.5% experiencing some form of child maltreatment; 77% multi-type maltreatment) or diverse sexualities (85.3% reporting any child maltreatment; 64.3% multi-type maltreatment). The strong association found between child maltreatment and diverse sexuality and gender identities is critical for understanding the social and mental health vulnerabilities of these groups, and informing services needed to support them.

本研究最全面地估算了澳大利亚人不同性别和性特征的全国流行率,以及与五种不同类型的儿童虐待及其重叠(多类型虐待)之间的关联。根据澳大利亚儿童虐待研究(ACMS)的数据(N = 8503),9.5%的参与者认同不同的性取向,0.9%的参与者认同不同的性别。多元化身份在青少年群体中更为普遍,16-24 岁的青少年中有 17.7% 认同多元化性行为,2.3% 认同多元化性别。性别多样性和性取向多样性也相互交叉--例如,女性(16-24 岁和 25-44 岁)比男性更有可能被认定为双性恋者。在具有不同性取向和/或性别认同的人群中,身体虐待、性虐待、精神虐待、忽视和家庭暴力的发生率非常高。在具有不同性别认同的青少年群体中,虐待现象最为普遍(90.5%的人遭受过某种形式的儿童虐待;77%的人遭受过多种类型的虐待)或具有不同性取向的人(85.3%的人报告遭受过任何儿童虐待;64.3%的人遭受过多种类型的虐待)。研究发现,虐待儿童与不同性取向和性别认同之间存在密切联系,这对于了解这些群体在社会和心理健康方面的脆弱性以及为他们提供支持所需的服务至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Maternal History of Child Maltreatment Predicts Dysregulated Offspring Stress Response System Functioning.
IF 4.5 2区 社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/10775595251317449
Rachel Y Levin, Justin Russotti, Sheree L Toth, Dante Cicchetti, Elizabeth D Handley

Identifying proximal and multigenerational distal risk mechanisms through which adversity exposure may shape neuroendocrine dysregulation among children is critical to advancing effective preventive interventions for adversity-exposed individuals. Utilizing longitudinal data (N = 247), the current study examined maternal and offspring history of childhood maltreatment (CM) as predictors of offspring cortisol/DHEA ratios, and, in exploratory analyses, extended this longitudinally to offspring depressive symptoms in young adulthood. Youth (ages 8-13 years) initially attended a research camp, then were followed up approximately eight years later (ages 18-22 years). Maternal history of CM significantly predicted their offspring's childhood cortisol/DHEA ratio over and above the effects of the offspring's history of CM. Offspring CM was not a significant predictor of the ratio. The cortisol/DHEA ratio did not mediate the relationship between maternal history of CM and offspring emerging adulthood depression. Results highlight an intergenerational cascade of CM and negative outcomes and support inclusion of maternal experiences in screening for at-risk youth.

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引用次数: 0
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Child Maltreatment
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