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Austerity-driven policification: Neoliberalisation, schools and the police in Britain 紧缩政策驱动的政策:英国的新自由主义化、学校和警察
2区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1177/00380261231202649
Malte Michael Laub
This article argues that as a consequence of austerity, police in England and Wales have taken over important roles in welfare and social policy institutions. This renders those institutions more coercive, punitive and exclusionary, and normalises a police worldview in those institutions. This process of what I call austerity-driven policification can be observed specifically well in the increasing numbers of police officers integrated into schools most affected by austerity. Such ‘transinstitutional policing’ in Britain is triggered by contradictory post-global financial crisis austerity measures, but reliant upon a long, racialised history of authoritarian neoliberalisation. Cuts to public spending in the 2010s reduced state institutions’ capacities to provide for vulnerable people, who were further criminalised and whose rights to support and solidarity were further delegitimised by a radicalisation of the framing of welfare recipients as undeserving, social housing estates as drug-infested gang territories, and schools in deprived areas, and Black pupils in particular, as dangerous. Police, while subjected to austerity measures also, functioned as an institution of last resort, supplementing and replacing incapacitated state institutions, while also being presented as an appropriate institution to address problems increasingly understood to be of a criminal rather than educational nature. This article suggests that austerity-driven policification is an intensification of longer-term trends toward a larger role for police in the neoliberal era. It shows the racial and authoritarian nature of neoliberalisation, and its messy realisation.
本文认为,作为紧缩政策的结果,英格兰和威尔士的警察在福利和社会政策机构中扮演了重要角色。这使得这些机构更具强制性、惩罚性和排他性,并使这些机构中的警察世界观正常化。我称之为“紧缩政策驱动”的这一过程可以在越来越多的警察融入受紧缩影响最严重的学校中得到很好的观察。英国的这种“跨机构警务”是由全球金融危机后相互矛盾的紧缩措施引发的,但却依赖于长期的、种族化的威权主义新自由主义历史。2010年代公共支出的削减降低了国家机构为弱势群体提供服务的能力,这些人进一步被定为犯罪,他们获得支持和团结的权利进一步被非法化,因为激进地将福利接受者视为不配享受福利的人,将社会住房视为毒品猖獗的帮派领地,将贫困地区的学校,尤其是黑人学生,视为危险。警察虽然也受到紧缩措施的约束,但作为最后手段的机构,补充和取代无能的国家机构,同时也被视为处理日益被理解为犯罪性质而非教育性质的问题的适当机构。本文认为,在新自由主义时代,由紧缩政策驱动的政策化是警察发挥更大作用的长期趋势的强化。它显示了新自由主义化的种族主义和威权主义本质,以及其混乱的实现。
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引用次数: 0
Doing youth participatory action research (YPAR) with Bourdieu: An invitation to reflexive (participatory) sociology 与布迪厄一起做青年参与行动研究(YPAR):反思(参与)社会学的邀请
2区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1177/00380261231177585
Jacqueline Kennelly, Cath Larkins, Alastair Roy
Recent years have seen an increased epistemological and methodological interest within sociology in participatory research. Seen as one mode by which to upturn the apparent antagonism between ‘town’ and ‘gown’, and as a pragmatic way to render sociology more ‘public’, participatory research seems to offer resolutions to some of the field’s more pressing recent concerns. It also appears to provide redress to continuing institutional pressure to establish ‘impact’ for our research. This article offers a close and theoretically informed examination of the assumptions and practices of youth participatory action research, or YPAR, in order to contribute to deepened disciplinary understandings of the possibilities and limits of participatory approaches. Framed by the reflexive sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, we draw upon cross-national conversations through which we have intentionally reflected on moments of ambivalence or discomfort in our own participatory research practice(s). We utilise these to engage critically with some recurring problems in YPAR, suggesting these also have relevance to sociological enquiry more broadly. Our collaborative process of mutual reflexivity, developed through walking and talking together, writing individually and then providing feedback and clarifications, has allowed us to deepen our understanding of the power dynamics at play in participatory sociological enquiry.
近年来,在参与研究的社会学中,认识论和方法论的兴趣有所增加。作为扭转“城镇”和“大学”之间明显对立的一种模式,作为使社会学更加“公共”的一种实用方式,参与式研究似乎为该领域最近一些更紧迫的问题提供了解决方案。它似乎也为持续的机构压力提供了补救措施,以建立我们研究的“影响”。本文对青年参与性行动研究(YPAR)的假设和实践进行了深入的理论研究,以加深对参与性方法的可能性和局限性的学科理解。在皮埃尔·布迪厄(Pierre Bourdieu)反思性社会学的框架下,我们借鉴了跨国对话,通过这些对话,我们有意地反思了我们自己参与研究实践中的矛盾心理或不适时刻。我们利用这些来批判性地参与YPAR中一些反复出现的问题,表明这些问题也与更广泛的社会学研究相关。我们相互反身的合作过程,通过一起散步和交谈,单独写作,然后提供反馈和澄清,使我们加深了对参与式社会学调查中发挥作用的权力动力学的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Unequal parenting in China: A study of socio-cultural and political effects 中国的不平等教养:社会文化和政治影响研究
2区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1177/00380261231198329
Sijia Du, Yaojun Li
This study examines the parental socio-cultural and political effects on parenting practices in China. Based on the China Education Panel Survey, we construct a new typology of parenting styles – intensive, permissive, authoritarian and neglectful – and focus on intensive parenting as a particular mode in which the more privileged families in China use superior cultural and political resources to reinforce their advantages. We show that parents in higher class positions, with higher education and with membership in the leading Chinese Communist Party (CCP) tend to adopt intensive parenting as a means of securing all-round development and obtaining favourable academic achievement for their children. Parenting styles thus reflect a more complicated feature of social stratification in China than in Western societies.
本研究考察了中国父母社会文化和政治因素对父母教养行为的影响。在中国教育小组调查的基础上,我们构建了一种新的教养方式类型——集约型、放任型、专制型和忽视型,并将其作为一种特殊的教养模式,在这种模式下,中国更有特权的家庭利用优越的文化和政治资源来强化他们的优势。我们的研究表明,地位较高、受过高等教育、加入中国共产党领导层的父母倾向于采用强化教育作为确保孩子全面发展和取得良好学业成绩的一种手段。因此,与西方社会相比,中国的父母教养方式反映出社会分层更为复杂的特征。
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引用次数: 0
What matters in the queer archive? Technologies of memory and Queering the Map 在酷儿档案中,什么是重要的?记忆技术和映射队列
2区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1177/00380261231199861
Ash Watson, Emma Kirby, Brendan Churchill, Brady Robards, Lucas LaRochelle
Queering the Map ( queeringthemap.com ) is a novel digital platform: a storymap, an anonymous collaborative record, an archive of queer experiences. To contribute to the platform, visitors make their own mark by clicking on an empty space on the map. As to what visitors contribute, the platform’s About section suggests, simply, ‘If it counts for you, then it counts for Queering the Map’. In this article, we probe this guiding principle. What does count in this context? What matters in the queer archive? Drawing on interviews with 14 site users and an analysis of nearly 2000 stories pinned to Australia on the map, we consider what platform practices reveal about queer collective memory-making, to illuminate the how and why of a queer archive. We see that relatability matters because of the affective, affirming and community-building seeds it can generate; situation matters because it is through participatory practices that recognition, visibility and community place- making are enacted; and, the everyday matters as the archive’s visitors collectively claim and gift their varied personal experiences. Through these themes we explore queer contributions or how site visitors are oriented towards giving something of themselves to the archive. We discuss how archival properties of the platform are key to (queer) participation, and to meaning-making – as distinct, as queer, as a valued record. Queering the Map, we argue, is significant in how space is made for queer representation, carving new contours for archival ‘evidence’ and community histories.
酷儿地图(queeringthemap.com)是一个新颖的数字平台:一个故事地图,一个匿名的协作记录,一个酷儿经历的档案。为了给这个平台做贡献,游客可以通过点击地图上的空白区域来做自己的标记。至于访问者的贡献,该平台的“关于”部分简单地指出,“如果它对你有意义,那么它就对地图的Queering有意义”。本文对这一指导原则进行了探讨。在这种情况下,什么算?在酷儿档案中,什么是重要的?通过对14位网站用户的采访,以及对地图上与澳大利亚有关的近2000个故事的分析,我们考虑了平台实践揭示了酷儿集体记忆的形成,以阐明酷儿档案的方式和原因。我们认为相关性很重要,因为它可以产生情感、肯定和社区建设的种子;情况很重要,因为它是通过参与实践,承认,知名度和社区场所制定;而且,日常事务作为档案馆的访客集体声称和赠与他们不同的个人经历。通过这些主题,我们探索酷儿的贡献,或者网站访问者如何倾向于向档案馆提供自己的一些东西。我们讨论了该平台的档案属性如何成为(酷儿)参与和意义创造的关键——作为独特的、酷儿的、有价值的记录。我们认为,“酷儿地图”在如何为酷儿代表创造空间方面具有重要意义,为档案“证据”和社区历史雕刻了新的轮廓。
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引用次数: 0
Towards an empirically robust theory of stigma resistance in the ‘new’ sociology of stigma: Everyday resistance in sheltered workshops 在“新”污名社会学中对污名抵抗的经验理论:庇护车间的日常抵抗
2区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1177/00380261231199889
Melissa Sebrechts
Recent works on stigma have emphasised the importance of ‘looking up’ towards issues of power and stigma production. In that process, empirical attention to stigma resistance ‘from below’ has remained limited. When resistance is discussed, it typically takes the form of collective, organised and explicit resistance. Drawing on insights from resistance studies, this article pays attention to everyday practices of resistance that are subtle, unorganised and implicit and calls for an empirically robust theory of stigma resistance. In doing so, it contributes to the recent revival of the sociology of stigma. Based on ethnographic research methods, the article discusses the stigmatisation of people with intellectual disabilities in sheltered workshops and identifies three anti-stigma practices: (1) redirecting, (2) replacing and (3) redefining stigmatising norms. Two lessons can be learned from this study and inform future research. First, everyday resistance is ambivalent: it implies a partial incorporation and partial rejection of norms. Second, rather than political intention (only), stigma resistance can be based on a variety of desires and needs. Recognising this allows us to see stigmatised people as individuals who have at least some power to fight and transform stigma.
最近关于污名的工作强调了“抬头”看待权力和污名产生问题的重要性。在这一过程中,对“自下而上”的病耻感抵抗的经验关注仍然有限。当讨论抵抗时,它通常采取集体的、有组织的和明确的抵抗形式。借鉴耐药性研究的见解,本文关注日常的耐药性实践,这些实践是微妙的、无组织的和隐性的,并呼吁建立一个经验主义的抗污名理论。在这样做的过程中,它有助于最近的耻感社会学的复兴。基于民族志研究方法,本文讨论了庇护工场中智障人士的污名化,并确定了三种反污名化做法:(1)重新引导、(2)取代和(3)重新定义污名化规范。从这项研究中可以得到两个教训,并为未来的研究提供信息。首先,日常抵抗是矛盾的:它意味着对规范的部分接纳和部分拒绝。其次,污名化抵抗可以基于各种愿望和需求,而不仅仅是政治意图。认识到这一点可以让我们看到,被污名化的人至少有一些力量来对抗和改变污名化。
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引用次数: 0
Convivial narratives as agency: Middle-class Muslims evading racialisation in Copenhagen 以欢乐叙事为媒介:哥本哈根中产阶级穆斯林回避种族化
2区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-19 DOI: 10.1177/00380261231184356
Amani Hassani
This article presents an ethnographic analysis of how young middle-class Muslims in Copenhagen create convivial narratives of their city. The article builds on Paul Gilroy’s idea of conviviality by bridging it with Saba Mahmood’s concept of agency. I argue that widening the conversation on urban conviviality to include a perspective on agency allows us to expand the sociological imagination to one that combines both phenomenological and critical theory in urban analysis. In the context of Denmark, middle-class Muslims’ convivial narratives can be understood as an agency to navigate Islamophobic or racist experiences, enabled by their spatial mobility and class positioning. The article concludes that Muslims’ conviviality is contingent on an intersectional understanding related to racialisation, gender and socio-economic position. This approach allows an appreciation of how socially mobile Danish Muslims can construct convivial narratives to evade racism and Islamophobia in everyday life.
这篇文章提出了一个民族志分析,年轻的中产阶级穆斯林如何在哥本哈根创造他们的城市欢乐的叙述。这篇文章建立在Paul Gilroy的欢聚观念的基础上,将其与Saba Mahmood的代理概念联系起来。我认为,扩大关于城市欢宴的讨论,以包括对代理的看法,使我们能够扩大社会学的想象力,将现象学和批判理论结合在城市分析中。在丹麦的背景下,中产阶级穆斯林的欢乐叙事可以被理解为一种引导伊斯兰恐惧症或种族主义经历的媒介,这是由他们的空间流动性和阶级定位实现的。这篇文章的结论是,穆斯林的欢宴行为取决于与种族化、性别和社会经济地位相关的交叉理解。这种方法可以让我们欣赏到,在社会上流动的丹麦穆斯林如何构建欢乐的叙事,以逃避日常生活中的种族主义和伊斯兰恐惧症。
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引用次数: 0
The journey of subalternity in Gayatri Spivak’s work: Its sociological relevance 伽亚特里·斯皮瓦克作品中的次等性之旅:其社会学意义
2区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-12 DOI: 10.1177/00380261231194495
Piermarco Piu
This article explores Gayatri Spivak’s journey of subalternity, demonstrating the empirical and sociological salience of this category beyond its theoretical and epistemic features, by highlighting its potential for increasing our understanding of society and bringing about social change. This argument contests assumptions in the literature about an epistemic/empirical fracture in Spivak’s work, recasting her theoretical frameworks as sociologically relevant. Moreover, it demonstrates that this sociological reading, although it goes ‘against the grain’ of Spivak’s own reticence about understanding subalternity sociologically, is well-founded: the theoretical-epistemic aspects of Spivak’s subalternity contribute to analyses about the situation of subaltern groups under colonialism and neoliberal globalisation and the means by which that subordination can be challenged. This illustrates that her conceptions of subalternity maintain sociological specificity vis-a-vis vague characterisations of subordination (e.g. oppression). Spivak’s later reflections on subalternity then grapple with the sociological deadlocks of her early approach: the disentanglement between subalternity and class exploitation. Her work thus delineates an explanatory matrix, interweaving sociological, philosophical and literary tools to explore entangled aspects of the subaltern condition. This systematic reading of Spivak’s approach expands and contests current scholarship, highlighting its sociologically compelling aspects and indicating the analytical and transformative potential of her matrix for future sociological debates on subalternity.
本文探讨了Gayatri Spivak的次等性之旅,通过强调其增加我们对社会的理解和带来社会变革的潜力,展示了这一类别在理论和认识论特征之外的经验和社会学显著性。这一论点反驳了文献中关于斯皮瓦克作品中认知/经验断裂的假设,将她的理论框架重新塑造为社会学相关的。此外,它还表明,尽管这种社会学解读与斯皮瓦克自己在社会学上理解次等性方面的沉默“背道而驰”,但它是有充分根据的:斯皮瓦克次等性的理论-认识论方面有助于分析殖民主义和新自由主义全球化下次等群体的处境,以及挑战这种次等性的手段。这说明,她的次等性概念相对于从属的模糊特征(如压迫)保持了社会学的特殊性。斯皮瓦克后来对次等性的思考与她早期方法的社会学僵局作了斗争:次等性与阶级剥削之间的分离。因此,她的作品描绘了一个解释性矩阵,将社会学、哲学和文学工具交织在一起,探索下层社会状况的纠缠方面。这种对斯皮瓦克方法的系统解读扩展并挑战了当前的学术研究,突出了其社会学上引人注目的方面,并表明了她的矩阵对未来社会学关于次等性的辩论的分析和变革潜力。
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引用次数: 0
In search of a Tawney Moment: Income inequality, financial crisis and the mass media in the UK and the USA 寻找一个托尼时刻:收入不平等,金融危机和英美的大众传媒
2区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/00380261231176365
Patrick McGovern, Sandra Obradović, Martin W. Bauer
Has rising income inequality become a scandalous social problem as the English ethical socialist R. H. Tawney anticipated in an earlier era? We examine the salience and framing of income inequality within major UK and US newspapers over the period 1990–2015. Specifically, this includes the global banking crisis of 2008, which was the most significant financial crisis in capitalist economies since the Great Depression of 1929. Did this event trigger a public outcry? We divide the overall search into a full corpus for quantitative analysis of media salience and a smaller corpus for in-depth qualitative analysis of media frames. We find that media coverage of income inequality increased across the period in both countries and especially after 2008. With this increase, there is a shift in frame prevalence, with pre-2008 frames focusing on conceptualising rising income inequality while post-2008 frames focus on managing rising inequality (through interventions, policies and identifying scale of solutions needed). This shift is accompanied by a more polarised sentiment on income inequality, an increase in moralising language and a more balanced political slant. The proposed ‘solutions’ become absorbed within established repertoires offered by the political right and left, limiting the emergence of a Tawney Moment. Consequently, the rise in income inequality has not generated the kind of scandalising public outcry that Tawney would expect. We conclude by examining the possible reasons for the lack of outrage in the mass media.
收入不平等的加剧是否已经像英国伦理社会主义者r.h.托尼在早期所预测的那样,成为一个令人反感的社会问题?我们研究了1990年至2015年期间英国和美国主要报纸中收入不平等的突出性和框架。具体来说,这包括2008年的全球银行业危机,这是自1929年大萧条以来资本主义经济体中最严重的金融危机。这件事引起了公众的强烈抗议吗?我们将整体搜索分为一个完整的语料库,用于对媒体显著性进行定量分析,一个较小的语料库用于对媒体框架进行深入的定性分析。我们发现,在这两个国家,媒体对收入不平等的报道在整个时期都有所增加,尤其是在2008年之后。随着这一增长,框架的流行程度发生了变化,2008年之前的框架侧重于将收入不平等加剧的现象概念化,而2008年之后的框架侧重于管理不断加剧的不平等(通过干预措施、政策和确定所需解决方案的规模)。伴随着这种转变,人们对收入不平等的看法变得更加两极分化,道德化的语言越来越多,政治倾向也更加平衡。提出的“解决方案”被政治右翼和左翼提供的既定曲目所吸收,限制了“托尼时刻”的出现。因此,收入不平等的加剧并没有像托尼预期的那样,引发令人愤慨的公众抗议。最后,我们考察了大众媒体缺乏愤怒的可能原因。
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引用次数: 0
Emotions and emotional reflexivity in undocumented migrant youth activism 无证流动青年行动主义中的情绪与情绪反身
IF 2.5 2区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.1177/00380261231173753
Ala Sirriyeh
Emotions play a role in drawing people into activism and are a key dimension of activist experiences. However, although researchers have examined the political significance and ethical imperative o...
情绪在吸引人们参与行动主义方面发挥着作用,也是行动主义经历的一个关键维度。然而,尽管研究人员已经研究了……的政治意义和伦理必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Lived religion beyond words: A denotative analysis of participant-produced photos of meaningful objects 超越语言的生活宗教:参与者制作的有意义物体照片的外延分析
IF 2.5 2区 社会学 Q2 SOCIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1177/00380261231166527
Gaëlle Bargain-Darrigues, Gustavo Morello SJ
Can visual data provide insights that words do not reveal? Meanings of objects in visual studies are usually captured through elicitation meetings. In this article, we propose to explore them from ...
视觉数据能提供文字无法揭示的洞见吗?在视觉研究中,物体的意义通常是通过启发会议来捕捉的。在这篇文章中,我们打算从……
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引用次数: 0
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Sociological Review
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