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Knowledge and Attitudes of Pediatricians to The Human Papilloma Virus Vaccines 儿科医生对人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的知识和态度
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5222/FORBES.2021.69875
Selin Taşar, Esra Bal Yüksel, Derya Sağcan, E. Oncel, Ahu Aksay, D. Çiftdoğan
Objective: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted viral infection worldwide. It is the cause of cervical cancer, and also causes many malignant, and benign diseases. Although it has an effectual vaccine, vaccination rates are still at an undesired level. In this cross-sectional study, it was aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of pediatricians about HPV vaccine. Method: A questionnaire consisting of 18 questions about HPV disease and vaccine was applied to pediatricians working in our hospital via face-to-face interviews. Demographic characteristics, duration of their working in the field of pediatrics, and some questions and suggestions about HPV disease and vaccine were included in the questionnaire. Results: Ninety-eight (66.6%) out of 147 pediatricians participated in the questionnaire survey..The median age of the participants was 30.5 years (min-max: 25-66), and they were consisted mostly (70.4%).of female pediatricians. In terms of distribution of their academic positions, 54 (55.1%) of them were working as pediatric residents. Only 15.3% of the participants had received HPV vaccine. When questions about the vaccine were analyzed, 94.9% of the participants knew that the HPV vaccine was not included in the national vaccination schedule, 64.3% knew the recommended vaccination age, and 84.7% knew that application gender of the vaccine. Some ( 60.2%) participants recommended HPV vaccine to their patients. When pediatricians were asked why they did not recommend the vaccine, according to their responses, the most important factor was the fact that had not sufficient knowledge about the vaccine (14.3%) and had not encountered a patient within the indication (14.3%).The vaccine recommendation rates of the vaccinated physicians were statistically significantly higher than unvaccinated physicians (p=0.028).There was no statistically significant difference between medical experience and recommendation for HPV vaccine beforehand and knowing the names of HPV vaccines (p=0.316, p=0.414, respectively). Conclusion: Although the overall attitude towards HPV vaccination was generally positive in our study, additional training should be provided to both pediatricians and healthcare professionals in order to achieve higher HPV vaccination coverage rates in Turkey.
目的:人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染是世界范围内最常见的性传播病毒感染。它是宫颈癌的病因,也会引起许多恶性和良性疾病。虽然它有一种有效的疫苗,但疫苗接种率仍处于不理想的水平。在本横断面研究中,旨在调查儿科医生对HPV疫苗的知识和态度。方法:采用面对面访谈的方式,对在我院工作的儿科医生进行问卷调查,问卷共18个问题,内容涉及HPV疾病及疫苗。问卷内容包括人口统计学特征、在儿科领域工作的年限以及对HPV疾病和疫苗的一些问题和建议。结果:147名儿科医生中有98名(66.6%)参与问卷调查,年龄中位数为30.5岁(最小-最大25-66岁),占70.4%。女性儿科医生。从学术职位的分布来看,儿科住院医师有54人(55.1%)。只有15.3%的参与者接种了HPV疫苗。当对疫苗问题进行分析时,94.9%的参与者知道HPV疫苗不包括在国家疫苗接种计划中,64.3%的参与者知道推荐接种年龄,84.7%的参与者知道疫苗的应用性别。一些(60.2%)参与者向患者推荐HPV疫苗。当儿科医生被问及为什么他们不推荐疫苗时,根据他们的回答,最重要的因素是对疫苗没有足够的了解(14.3%),并且没有遇到符合指征的患者(14.3%)。接种疫苗的医师推荐率显著高于未接种疫苗的医师(p=0.028)。医学经验、事先推荐接种HPV疫苗与知晓HPV疫苗名称之间差异无统计学意义(p=0.316, p=0.414)。结论:尽管在我们的研究中,对HPV疫苗接种的总体态度总体上是积极的,但为了在土耳其实现更高的HPV疫苗接种率,应向儿科医生和卫生保健专业人员提供额外的培训。
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引用次数: 1
Rare Birth Defects in Pregnancies of Women with Pregestational Diabetes: Absent Radius 妊娠期糖尿病妇女的罕见出生缺陷:桡骨缺失
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5222/FORBES.2021.27247
H. Üstün, M. Oncel, Özgün Uygur, E. Bal, Defne Ergür, M. Akar
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important disease that negatively affects fetal development and women with pregestational diabetes have an increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including a markedly increased risk for birth defects. In this report, a newborn with absent radius associated with pregestational diabetes was presented. A male newborn was born at 40th gestational week from a 20-year-old mother by cesarean section. The patient had shortness in the limbs, hypoplastic right thumb and flexion contracture at his right hand besides respiratory distress.To our knowledge, with this case report, we would like to share the second case of diabetic mother’s infant with absent radius in the literature.
糖尿病(DM)是影响胎儿发育的重要疾病,妊娠期糖尿病患者发生不良妊娠结局的风险增加,包括出生缺陷的风险显著增加。在这个报告中,新生儿桡骨缺失与妊娠糖尿病相关。一位20岁的母亲在妊娠第40周通过剖宫产产下一名男婴。患者四肢短小,右拇指发育不全,右手屈曲挛缩,呼吸窘迫。据我们所知,在此病例报告中,我们想分享文献中第二例糖尿病母亲的婴儿桡骨缺失的病例。
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引用次数: 0
Isolated Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery and Trisomy 21 Case 孤立性右锁骨下动脉异常与21三体病例
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5222/FORBES.2021.25733
İbrahim Ömeroğlu, H. Pala, Hakan Gölbaşı
Abnormal right subclavian artery (ARSA) is the most common anomaly of the aortic arch with a rate of 0.5-1.4%. Normally, three vessels arises from the aortic arch, while four vessels arise in ARSA. ARSA leaves the distal of the aortic arch and passes behind the esophagus and trachea. It is also called the abnormal retroesophageal right subclavian artery. It is generally an asymptomatic benign finding, but it can cause esophageal compression causing dysphagia. In this article, an isolated ARSA and trisomy 21 case referred to our clinic in the second trimester of pregnancy and detected ultrasonographically is presented.
右锁骨下动脉异常(ARSA)是主动脉弓最常见的异常,发生率为0.5-1.4%。正常情况下,主动脉弓上有三条血管,而ARSA上有四条血管。ARSA离开主动脉弓远端,经过食道和气管后方。它也被称为食管后右锁骨下动脉异常。它通常是一种无症状的良性发现,但它可以引起食管压迫引起吞咽困难。在本文中,一个孤立的ARSA和21三体病例提到了我们的诊所在妊娠中期和超声检测。
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引用次数: 0
Acute Abdominal Pain Due to Spontaneous Renal Calyceal Rupture: Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and Management 自发性肾盏破裂致急性腹痛:临床表现、诊断与处理
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5222/FORBES.2021.74936
E. Başok
Background: Rupture of renal calyces with urinoma, mimicking acute abdomen, is an unusual condition that is mostly caused by distal ureteral stone. Case Presentation: Ultrasonographic evaluation showed right hydronephrosis in a woman who was admitted to our emergency department with persistent severe abdominal pain. A delayed contrast -enhanced computerized tomography (CT) was required to confirm the diagnosis of rupture in symptomatically worsening patient. Among various treatment options conservative treatment was preferred, the patient was recovered, and urinoma was resolved without any complication. Diagnosis and treatment options are discussed. Conclusion: A spontaneous rupture of the urinary system can mimic acute abdomen, and should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient presenting complex symptoms after renal colic. If a definite diagnosis cannot be established by routine imaging modalities, delayed phase contrast- enhanced CT would be helpful in this regard. Conservative treatment with careful monitoring is an option with good results, thus it may obviate the need for surgical intervention in most of the patients.
背景:肾盂破裂合并尿瘤,类似急腹症,是一种罕见的疾病,主要是由输尿管远端结石引起的。病例介绍:超声检查显示右侧肾积水的妇女谁住进了我们的急诊科持续严重的腹痛。在症状恶化的患者中,需要延迟的增强计算机断层扫描(CT)来确认破裂的诊断。在多种治疗方案中,首选保守治疗,患者痊愈,尿瘤消除,无并发症。讨论了诊断和治疗方案。结论:泌尿系统自发性破裂可以模拟急腹症,在肾绞痛后出现复杂症状的患者的鉴别诊断中应始终予以考虑。如果不能通过常规成像方式确诊,延迟相衬增强CT在这方面会有所帮助。保守治疗和严密监测是一种效果良好的选择,因此它可以避免大多数患者需要手术干预。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the Reasons for Using the Withdrawal Method and Quitting of Women Applying to the Family Planning Clinic to Use an Effective Family Planning Method 对到计划生育诊所申请使用有效计划生育方法的妇女使用停药方法及退出原因的调查
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5222/FORBES.2021.77487
Vahide Çakmak, Zehra Keme, I. Ünal, H. Can
Objective: This study was carried out with the aim of determining the reasons for using, and quitting the coitus interruptus method at any stage of the lives of women aged 15- 49 years who applied to family planning clinic to use effective contraceptive methods. Method: The study was carried out descriptively and cross-sectionally. The sample of the study consisted of 200 sexually active women aged 15- 49 years who used the coitus interruptus method at any stage of their lives, and applied to a Mother and Child Health Family Planning Center in Bornova, Izmir so as to use an effective family planning method. The data of the study were collected by face to face interview method using the questionnaire form prepared by the researchers in line with the literature.The data were evaluated in SPSS, 16.0 package program and the numerical and percentage distributions of the collected data were created. Results: Sixty percent of women aged 15-49 years who participated in our study were in the 20-34 age group, and 40% of them were literate / primary school graduates.It was determined that 30.5% of these women were using the coitus interruptus method because of their spouses desired and 34% of these women quit this method due to its negative aspects.Seventy-eight percent of these women were using effective family planning methods because of their positive features and 56.0% of them preferred IUD as an effective method. It was determined that 17% of the women in our study got pregnant while using the coitus interruptus method.In addition, a significant difference was detected between age and the reasons why women preferred the coitus interruptus method (p <0.05). Conclusions: According to the results of the study, women included in the study prefer the withdrawal method because their spouses desired, and quit it because of the negative aspects of the method.
目的:了解15 ~ 49岁到计划生育门诊就诊的妇女在生命的任何阶段使用和放弃中断性交法的原因。方法:采用描述性和横断面研究方法。该研究的样本包括200名年龄在15至49岁之间的性活跃妇女,她们在生命的任何阶段都使用了性交中断法,并向伊兹密尔博尔诺瓦的母婴健康计划生育中心申请了这种方法,以便使用有效的计划生育方法。本研究的数据采用面对面访谈法,采用研究者根据文献编制的问卷形式进行收集。使用SPSS 16.0软件包对数据进行评估,并创建收集数据的数值分布和百分比分布。结果:参与我们研究的15-49岁女性中,60%的人年龄在20-34岁之间,其中40%的人是识字/小学毕业生。结果表明,30.5%的妇女因其配偶的意愿而使用中断性交法,34%的妇女因其负面影响而放弃该方法。其中78%的妇女因其阳性特征而使用有效的计划生育方法,56.0%的妇女认为宫内节育器是有效的方法。在我们的研究中,有17%的女性在使用性交中断法时怀孕。此外,女性选择中断性交方式的原因与年龄有显著差异(p <0.05)。结论:根据研究结果,参与研究的女性更倾向于退出方法,因为她们的配偶希望,退出是因为该方法的消极方面。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of ncRNAs in Covid-19 Pathogenesis ncrna在Covid-19发病机制中的作用
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5222/FORBES.2021.38258
Tuba Oz, M. Pehlivan, İ. Pirim
Genomic studies have shown that approximately 2% of the human genome encodes protein, and the rest consists of non-coding RNAs (ncRNA). ncRNAs are the modifications that can alter gene expression at different levels without making any changes on the DNA sequence. One of the most important function of non-coding RNAs is to modulate host immunity and inflammatory response by regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. The World Health Organization has declared Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 shows symptoms such as fever, cough, shortness of breath and it can lead to severe symptomatic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), bring along many problems such as cardiovascular complications, kidney damage, stroke and death. Virus host interactions associated with the immune system is also important beside the viral replication mechanism in the development of a successful therapeutic target for SARS-CoV-2. Epigenetic mechanisms that regulate virus-host interactions affect the extent and adequacy of immune and inflammatory responses that are important for clinical outcomes. Thus, identifying ncRNAs involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection will help to understand the epigenetic regulation underlying the immune response that occurs and to develop new specific strategies to prevent and treat the infection. In this review, the importance of ncRNA mediated gene regulation in SARS-CoV-2 infection and its role in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic were discussed.
基因组研究表明,大约2%的人类基因组编码蛋白质,其余部分由非编码rna (ncRNA)组成。ncrna是一种可以在不改变DNA序列的情况下改变不同水平的基因表达的修饰。非编码rna最重要的功能之一是通过调节染色质结构和基因表达来调节宿主免疫和炎症反应。世界卫生组织宣布严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)为2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)。COVID-19表现出发烧、咳嗽、呼吸短促等症状,可导致严重的症状性急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS),并带来许多问题,如心血管并发症、肾脏损害、中风和死亡。除了病毒复制机制外,病毒宿主与免疫系统的相互作用在开发成功的SARS-CoV-2治疗靶点方面也很重要。调节病毒-宿主相互作用的表观遗传机制影响免疫和炎症反应的程度和充分性,这对临床结果很重要。因此,鉴定参与SARS-CoV-2感染的ncrna将有助于了解发生的免疫反应背后的表观遗传调控,并制定新的特异性策略来预防和治疗感染。本文综述了ncRNA介导的基因调控在SARS-CoV-2感染中的重要性及其在当前COVID-19大流行中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
An Unusual Pediatric Case with Spontaneous Pneumoperitoneum: Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis Induced by Constipation 小儿自发性气腹1例:便秘所致肠囊性气腹病
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5222/FORBES.2021.40469
O. Ulusoy, Efil Aydın, O. Karakuş, Y. Çekdemir
Pneumoperitoneum almost always indicates a perforation. However, perforation is not detected approximately 5% to 15% of all exploratory laparotomies and it is called spontaneous pneumoperitoneum (SP). One of the rare causes of SP is Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI). An 11-year-old female patient was transferred to the pediatric emergency department due to suspicion of intestinal perforation. Erect abdominal X-ray revealed pneumoperitoneum below the right diaphragm. Emergent exploratory laparotomy was performed. No perforation was detected during exploratory laparotomy. Both the absence of fever, peritoneal irritation signs and normal biochemical parameters SP must be considered. It should be kept in mind that PCI induced by constipation may be a cause of SP.
气腹几乎总是表明穿孔。然而,约5%至15%的剖腹探查术未发现穿孔,称为自发性气腹(SP)。SP的罕见病因之一是肠囊性肺积病(PCI)。一名11岁女患者因怀疑肠穿孔被转至儿科急诊科。直立腹部x线显示右侧横膈膜下方有气腹。紧急剖腹探查术。剖腹探查未发现穿孔。无发热、腹膜刺激征象和正常生化指标SP必须考虑。需要注意的是,便秘引起的PCI可能是SP的原因之一。
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引用次数: 0
A Rare Complication: Blue Urine Developed After Laparoscopic Chromopertubation 一个罕见的并发症:蓝色尿液出现后腹腔镜染色管
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5222/FORBES.2021.19483
Duygy Uçar, Burcu Artunç Ülkümen
Methylene blue is a dye that is widely used in medicine. The underlyin reason this widespread use is that it is easily accessible, inexpensive and safe. Although rarely seen, some complications may develop during use of methylene blue. It is important that clinicians should be aware of these unwanted conditions, recognize these complications at an earlier stage, and take suitable measures.
亚甲基蓝是一种广泛用于医学的染料。这种广泛使用的根本原因是它容易获得、便宜和安全。虽然很少见到,但在使用亚甲基蓝期间可能会出现一些并发症。重要的是,临床医生应该意识到这些不必要的条件,在早期阶段认识到这些并发症,并采取适当的措施。
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引用次数: 0
Castleman’s Disease: Due to a Rare Intraabdominal Location Castleman病:由于一种罕见的腹内病变
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5222/FORBES.2021.66376
M. Karacaoğlu, N. Yurttutan, B. Kizildag, Turgay Kara, S. Koçarslan
Castleman disease (CD) is a rare benign disease with unknown etiology. It is also called angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia, giant lymph node hyperplasia, lymph node hamartoma, benign giant lymphoma. Histologically, it is classified as hyaline vascular and plasma cell variant, but rarely features of two types can coexist. Most of the cases with unisentric disease are hyaline vascular and most of the cases with multicentric disease are in plasma cell histological type. Although it is frequently located in thorax, it can be found throughout the body. Salivary glands, lungs, pancreas, larynx, parotid gland, meninges, and even limb muscles can be affected as extralymphatic spread. Since it is localized in the middle and anterior mediastinum in the thorax, it should be differentiated from mediastinal autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. In this case report, we aimed to present the radiological findings of a CD case with a rare intraabdominal location.
Castleman病(CD)是一种罕见的良性疾病,病因不明。又称血管滤泡性淋巴结增生、巨大淋巴结增生、淋巴结错构瘤、良性巨大淋巴瘤。组织学上分为透明血管型和浆细胞型,但两种类型的特征很少共存。单中心型多为透明血管型,多中心型多为浆细胞型。虽然它通常位于胸腔,但它可以遍布全身。唾液腺、肺、胰腺、喉、腮腺、脑膜,甚至肢体肌肉都可能受到淋巴外扩散的影响。由于它位于胸腔的中纵隔和前纵隔,因此应与纵隔自身免疫性疾病和肿瘤性疾病相鉴别。在这个病例报告中,我们的目的是报告一个罕见的腹腔内病变的CD病例的影像学表现。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Social Support and Workplace Breastfeeding Conditions of Mothers Working in an Education Research Hospital on Breastfeeding Period 某教育研究型医院在职母亲社会支持和工作场所母乳喂养条件对母乳喂养期的影响
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.5222/FORBES.2021.04706
Yavuz Demirçelik, Hacer Örsdemir Hortu, Özlem Üzüm, K. Eliaçık, M. Helvacı
Objective: Breast milk is considered to be natural, reference nutrition for infants. The American Academy of Pediatrics and World Health Organization recommend that infants should be exclusively breastfed for about 6 months and breasteeding should be continued at least for 12 months as long as both the mother and the infant desire. It is known that mothers who started to work during breastfeeding period have difficulty in continuing breastfeeding due to inconvenient workplace conditions and breastfeeding breaks. Social support, known to have a role in coping with stress, has also been shown to be effective in maintaining breastfeeding. The aim of our study is to evaluate the problems faced by the mothers working in a training and research hospital related to the workplace environment and conditions and their social support. Method: The study group consisted of mothers who had children under three years of age and working in a training and research hospital. Eighteen questions prepared by the researchers, and questions in the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were addressed to the mothers participating in the study about their breastfeeding period, return time to their work, breast-feeding permission, and milking, etc. Results: Fifty-one working mothers were reached during the study period. It was seen that 29 (56.9%) working mothers used formula during breastfeeding period. When mothers exclusively breastfed their infants, and those used formula during breastfeeding period were compared, it was seen that the mothers who used formula returned earlier to work (p = 0.036). Conclusion: Study results supported that the period of maternity leave should be longer to avoid using formulas more frequently, and to support exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months. It was concluded that employers should provide more suitable conditions for breastfeeding mothers to support breastfeeding.
目的:母乳被认为是天然的,是婴儿的参考营养。美国儿科学会和世界卫生组织建议,婴儿应该纯母乳喂养6个月左右,母乳喂养应该至少持续12个月,只要母亲和婴儿都愿意。众所周知,在母乳喂养期间开始工作的母亲由于工作场所条件不方便和母乳喂养休息而难以继续母乳喂养。众所周知,社会支持在应对压力方面发挥着作用,也被证明在维持母乳喂养方面是有效的。本研究的目的是评估在培训和研究医院工作的母亲所面临的与工作环境和条件及其社会支持有关的问题。方法:研究对象为在某培训研究医院工作的育有3岁以下子女的母亲。研究人员准备了18个问题,并在多维感知社会支持量表中对参与研究的母亲提出了关于母乳喂养期、返回工作时间、母乳喂养许可和挤奶等问题。结果:研究期间共采访了51位在职母亲。29名(56.9%)职业母亲在母乳喂养期间使用配方奶粉。将纯母乳喂养婴儿的母亲与母乳喂养期间使用配方奶粉的母亲进行比较,发现使用配方奶粉的母亲更早返回工作岗位(p = 0.036)。结论:研究结果支持产假时间应延长,以避免频繁使用配方奶粉,并支持前6个月纯母乳喂养。因此,雇主应该为母乳喂养的母亲提供更合适的条件来支持母乳喂养。
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引用次数: 0
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