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The Compounding Impact of Racial Microaggressions: The Experiences of African American Students in Predominantly White Institutions 种族微侵犯的复合影响:白人占主导地位的非裔美国学生的经历
IF 1 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/01614681231181798
Jessica DeCuir-Gunby, Whitney N. McCoy, Stephen M. Gibson
Background/Context: African American students often encounter racial microaggressions when attending predominantly white institutions (PWIs). Experiencing racial microaggressions can negatively affect African American students’ feelings of belonging to the campus community. Racial microaggressions can also affect their physical and emotional stability. Purpose of Study: Using a critical race theory (CRT) framework, we focused on the centrality of race and racism and intersectionality. We examined how experiencing racial microaggressions influenced African American students’ (n = 15) feelings of belonging at PWIs. In addition, we explored how students emotionally coped with their experiences. Research Design: A semi-structured interview was conducted with participants. Using thematic analysis through the process of open coding and axial coding, we developed themes based on students’ experiences with microaggressions, feelings of belonging, and coping strategies. We connected the themes to the larger research literature, focusing on our CRT framework. Conclusions/Recommendations: Experiencing racial microaggressions made students feel devalued in the campus community. In addition, racial microaggressions intersected with other forms of oppression, further impacting students’ sense of belonging. These experiences often led students to use maladaptive coping mechanisms; despite this, students were able to create community by using self-protective coping mechanisms, such as creating supportive networks. Racism-related stress caused by racial microaggressions should be considered a public health issue. By exploring racial microaggressions, researchers and policy makers can understand how racism impacts individuals and provide tools on how to challenge racism on systemic levels.
背景/背景:非裔美国学生在以白人为主的机构(PWI)就读时,经常会遇到种族微侵犯。经历种族微侵犯会对非裔美国学生对校园社区的归属感产生负面影响。种族微侵犯也会影响他们的身体和情绪稳定。研究目的:使用批判性种族理论(CRT)框架,我们关注种族和种族主义的中心性以及交叉性。我们研究了经历种族微侵犯如何影响非裔美国学生(n=15)在PWI的归属感。此外,我们还探讨了学生如何在情感上应对他们的经历。研究设计:对参与者进行半结构化访谈。通过开放编码和轴向编码过程中的主题分析,我们根据学生的微侵犯经历、归属感和应对策略开发了主题。我们将这些主题与更大的研究文献联系起来,重点关注我们的CRT框架。结论/建议:经历种族微侵犯会让学生在校园社区中感到被贬低。此外,种族微侵犯与其他形式的压迫交织在一起,进一步影响了学生的归属感。这些经历往往导致学生使用不适应的应对机制;尽管如此,学生们还是能够通过使用自我保护的应对机制来创建社区,比如创建支持性网络。种族微侵犯造成的与种族主义有关的压力应被视为一个公共卫生问题。通过探索种族微侵犯,研究人员和政策制定者可以了解种族主义如何影响个人,并提供如何在系统层面挑战种族主义的工具。
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引用次数: 0
FACTSHEET – Addressing Racial and Spatial Postsecondary Disparities—Rural Latino Youth 概况——解决种族和空间中学后差异——拉丁裔农村青年
IF 1 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/01614681231181803
Vanessa A. Sansone
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引用次数: 0
Special Issue Introduction: Demystifying Academic Understandings of Critical Race Theory to Transform Discourse With Policy Makers 特刊导言:揭开对批判种族理论的学术理解的神秘面纱,以改变政策制定者的话语
IF 1 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/01614681231181791
Ashley N. Patterson, Royel M. Johnson, Francesca A. López, LaWanda W. M. Ward
In this introduction to the special issue, we describe the socio-political context that spurred our efforts to disrupt the anti-critical race theory (CRT) that has seeped into popular and political conversations about the US educational system. Noting the lack of preparation educational researchers have for sharing their nuanced, academic CRT understandings to policy-making audiences, we endeavored to address this issue. With use of funding support provided by the Spencer Foundation’s Conference Grants Program and in conjunction with Penn State University’s Research-to-Policy Collaboration, we identified a panel of CRT experts, facilitated their training in translating research into policy factsheets, and hosted a Day on the Hill conference during which the factsheets were shared with policy-making professionals. This introduction provides additional details about our process and about the resulting special issue which pairs together two written products covering the same CRT topic from each author, one written in the format of a traditional academic essay and the other as a two-page factsheet. Taken together, we hope that the paired publications serve as an example for how education researchers might demistify academic understandings of CRT in order to transform discourse with policy makers.
在本期特刊的引言中,我们描述了促使我们努力破坏反批判性种族理论(CRT)的社会政治背景,该理论已渗透到有关美国教育系统的流行和政治对话中。注意到教育研究人员缺乏准备,无法向决策受众分享他们对CRT的微妙、学术理解,我们努力解决这个问题。利用斯宾塞基金会会议拨款计划提供的资金支持,并与宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究与政策合作,我们确定了一个CRT专家小组,促进了他们将研究转化为政策概况的培训,并主办了一次山上日会议,会上与决策专业人员分享了情况介绍。这篇介绍提供了关于我们的过程和由此产生的特刊的更多细节,特刊将每位作者的两篇涵盖同一CRT主题的书面产品配对在一起,一篇以传统学术论文的形式撰写,另一篇以两页的情况介绍的形式撰写。总之,我们希望这两份出版物能成为一个例子,说明教育研究人员如何淡化学术界对CRT的理解,以改变与政策制定者的对话。
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引用次数: 0
Herman Witkin and the Rise and Fall of the Black Learning Style Idea, 1960–2003 赫尔曼·维特金与黑人学习风格思想的兴衰,1960-2003
IF 1 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/01614681231178589
Thomas Fallace
Background/Context: Historical studies of this volatile period in educational history (1960–2003 tend to focus on educational policy and/or curriculum, but rarely address changes in learning theory. Numerous historical studies have traced how psychologists, psychometricians, policymakers, and social scientists have dismissed the intellectual potential of Black students over the course of the 20th century, but these studies have completely overlooked the controversial Black learning style idea and how the idea interacted with the educational and racial discourses of the period. Purpose: This intellectual history traces the rise and fall of the controversial idea that there was a Black learning style. Research Design: Hollinger (1985) defines intellectual history succinctly as the “discourse of intellectuals” (p. 131). Often described as thinking rather than thought, an intellectual history focuses on contingencies, contradictions, and inconsistencies in a discourse; contextualizes the discourse in evolving historical, political, and social contexts; and explores how these changing contexts affect the development of the ideas. Conclusions: The Black learning style and cultural mismatch theories both emerged from the research of psychologist Herman Witkin in the 1950s. The idea was further developed by Rosalie Cohen, Asa Hilliard III, and Janice Hale in the 1970s and 1980s. By the late 1990s, many scholars considered the Black learning style idea to be dangerous and stopped directly referencing it. Despite its eventual rejection, the Black learning style idea inspired many lines of inquiry about the ways that race, culture, and ethnicity impact learning that are still being pursued today. This intellectual history traces the origins, emergence, and fall of the idea that Black students had a different learning and/or cognitive style that clashed with that of White teachers, standardized testing, and American schools.
背景/背景:对教育史上这一动荡时期(1960-2003)的历史研究往往侧重于教育政策和/或课程,但很少涉及学习理论的变化。许多历史研究都追踪了心理学家、心理测量学家、政策制定者和社会科学家在20世纪的过程中是如何忽视黑人学生的智力潜力的,但这些研究完全忽视了有争议的黑人学习方式的观点,以及这种观点是如何与当时的教育和种族话语相互作用的。目的:这本思想史追溯了黑人学习风格这一有争议的观点的兴起和衰落。研究设计:霍林格(1985)将思想史简洁地定义为“知识分子的话语”(第131页)。思想史通常被描述为思考而不是思想,关注话语中的偶然性、矛盾和不一致;语境化的话语在不断发展的历史,政治和社会背景;并探讨这些变化的背景如何影响思想的发展。结论:黑人学习风格理论和文化不匹配理论都起源于20世纪50年代心理学家Herman Witkin的研究。这个想法在20世纪70年代和80年代由罗莎莉·科恩、阿萨·希利亚德三世和珍妮丝·黑尔进一步发展。到20世纪90年代末,许多学者认为黑人学习风格的想法是危险的,并停止直接引用它。尽管最终遭到拒绝,但黑人学习风格的想法激发了许多关于种族、文化和种族影响学习方式的研究,这些研究至今仍在进行。这本思想史追溯了黑人学生与白人教师、标准化考试和美国学校的学习和/或认知方式不同这一观点的起源、出现和衰落。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond Grades: A Holistic Parental Report Card for Korean Dual Language Programs 超越成绩:韩国双语课程的全面家长报告卡
IF 1 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/01614681231182220
Jongyeon Ee
Background/Context: As dual language bilingual education (DLBE) programs expand nationwide, parental feedback becomes crucial in evaluating their effectiveness and ensuring equitable access. Understanding the perspectives of diverse parental groups, including marginalized and privileged communities, is essential for developing inclusive and equitable language programs that serve all students. Furthermore, the changing demographics of students and their families with transnational experiences, along with the growing diversity in non-Spanish DLBE languages, highlight the need for research that documents diverse DLBE programs and contexts. Considering this context, acknowledging parental views on Korean programs is meaningful in valuing the opinions of parents with rich transnational experiences in one of the less-commonly taught language programs in the country. Korean dual language programs are also under-researched in the DLBE literature, despite their unique spaces where different power dynamics emerge compared to Spanish or Chinese DLBE programs. Objective and Research Question: This study aims to investigate parents’ evaluations of DLBE programs, their plans to enroll their child until the secondary level, and potential reasons for leaving DLBE programs. First, the researcher explores parents’ evaluations of Korean dual language programs (KDLPs) and examines how parental evaluation is associated with other aspects of parents’ views and characteristics, such as their demographic features, parental satisfaction with their child’s language development, integration experiences among both children and parents, and parental involvement in the program. Next, the researcher investigates whether parents plan to enroll their child in KDLPs until the secondary level (grade 8 or 12) and examines the relationship between their plan and program evaluation. The study also probes the association between parental commitment plans and other variables related to parents’ views and characteristics. Finally, the study explores potential reasons that could spur parents to leave KDLPs. Research Design: This quantitative study used survey data collected from a sample of over 450 parents of students in seven KDLPs at the elementary level in Southern California. This study employed multilevel modeling, accounting for the nested data structure of respondents within schools. The parental evaluation variable was explored by multilevel ordinary least squares (OLS) regression with a cubed form of program evaluation value as the dependent variable to explore parents’ evaluation. For examining parents’ program commitment plans, multilevel logistic regression analysis was employed. To examine the difference between Korean and non-Korean parents in potential reasons for leaving the program, this study used the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. Conclusions/Recommendations: The results show that parental evaluation of KDLPs is positively linked with satisfaction in bilingualism, bilite
背景/背景:随着双语双语教育(DLBE)项目在全国范围内的扩展,家长的反馈在评估其有效性和确保公平获取方面变得至关重要。了解不同家长群体的观点,包括边缘化和特权社区,对于开发包容和公平的语言课程,为所有学生服务至关重要。此外,具有跨国经历的学生及其家庭人口结构的变化,以及非西班牙语DLBE语言的日益多样化,突出了记录不同DLBE项目和背景的研究的必要性。考虑到这种情况,承认家长对韩语课程的看法,对于重视在这个国家不太常见的语言课程中拥有丰富跨国经验的家长的意见是有意义的。尽管与西班牙语或汉语的外语教学项目相比,韩国的双语课程有着独特的空间,出现了不同的权力动态,但在外语教学文献中,对韩国的双语课程的研究也不足。目的和研究问题:本研究旨在调查家长对DLBE项目的评价,他们是否打算让孩子上到中学,以及他们离开DLBE项目的潜在原因。首先,研究者探讨了家长对韩语双语项目(kdlp)的评价,并研究了家长评价与家长观点和特征的其他方面的关系,如人口统计学特征、父母对孩子语言发展的满意度、孩子和父母之间的融合体验以及父母对项目的参与。接下来,研究人员调查了父母是否计划让他们的孩子参加kdlp直到中学阶段(8年级或12年级),并检查了他们的计划和项目评估之间的关系。本研究还探讨了父母承诺计划与其他与父母观点和特征相关的变量之间的关系。最后,该研究还探讨了可能促使家长离开幼儿园的潜在原因。研究设计:本定量研究使用了从南加州7所小学kdlp的450多名学生家长样本中收集的调查数据。本研究采用多层模型,考虑了学校内被调查者的嵌套数据结构。采用多水平普通最小二乘(OLS)回归,以节目评价值的立方形式为因变量,探讨家长评价变量。为了检验家长的计划承诺计划,采用了多水平logistic回归分析。为了检验韩国父母和非韩国父母在退出项目的潜在原因上的差异,本研究使用了Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney测试。结论/建议:结果表明,家长对小学生的评价与双语满意度、双语能力满意度、学术严谨性满意度和社会文化能力变量呈正相关,其中目标语言满意度和学术严谨性满意度的影响最为显著。研究还显示,家长让孩子入读二级KDLP的可能性受到孩子入学时间长短、对学术严密性的满意度和孩子之间的融合的影响。有趣的是,项目评估对招生决定没有显著影响。不管是韩国人还是非韩国人的父母,孩子们不能与不同种族和文化的学生相处的“融合问题”是导致他们离开学校的最大原因。非韩语家长也将目标语言教学的挑战列为退出该项目的潜在原因。总之,研究结果揭示了父母观念的复杂性,并突出了父母在评估项目时优先考虑的价值观。这些见解对未来更广泛地研究kdlp和DLBE项目具有重要意义,无论是推进理论讨论还是为实证调查提供信息。通过揭示父母评价的复杂性,本研究还提出了在亚洲语言课程中需要一个独特的意识形态框架,以更好地理解个人经历,促进这些课程中的公平和正义。
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引用次数: 0
“Are You Saying That We’re Racist?”: Comparing Normative, Political, and Technical Dimensions of Instructional and Disciplinary Policies “你是说我们是种族主义者吗?”:比较教学和纪律政策的规范、政治和技术层面
IF 1 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/01614681231176921
Eupha Jeanne Daramola, Taylor N. Allbright, Julie A. Marsh
Background: In recent years, school districts have experienced a complex policy environment with myriad reforms aimed at addressing longstanding and historically entrenched disparities in opportunities and outcomes between racially minoritized students and White students. One such reform is standards-based accountability, with its emphasis on documenting and addressing racial disparities in testing outcomes. Recently, educators and lawmakers have sought to address persistent racial disproportionality in disciplinary actions. New behavioral policies may be seen as a response to national attention and outrage regarding the “school-to-prison pipeline,” which indicates that school discipline practices contribute to the over-representation of Black men in the criminal justice system. In recent years, local leaders have been tasked with implementing new disciplinary reforms alongside their ongoing efforts at instructional improvement. Purpose: As districts face an increasingly complex policy environment and constrained resources, researchers must understand how district leaders make sense of and manage the varied policies they are tasked with implementing. This study contributes to the knowledge base on K–12 policy implementation by examining how school district leaders manage multiple policies—particularly when some new practices engage beliefs around racial discrimination or structural racism. We contribute to the gap in the literature by asking: What differences emerged in the early implementation processes of an instructional policy and a discipline policy in the Elmwood school district, and what might explain those differences? Research Design: To answer this question, we employ a comparative, embedded case study design and examine extensive qualitative data from a single school district. Oakes’s (1992) framework of technical, normative, and political dimensions of policy change guided the analysis and was applied to rich interview data. Conclusions: Overall, our findings highlight significant differences in how Elmwood leadership implemented the two policies. Our study indicates that though both instructional and disciplinary reforms purport to address racial outcome gaps, district leaders may view discipline in a racialized way that they do not view instructional policy. The perceived racialized nature of discipline policy may significantly influence implementation practices. Ultimately, the data suggests that racialized normative beliefs and values, along with political and technical investments, greatly influence the implementation process and raise larger questions about the role of racism in education reform.
背景:近年来,学区经历了复杂的政策环境,进行了无数改革,旨在解决少数种族学生和白人学生之间长期存在的、历史上根深蒂固的机会和结果差异。其中一项改革是基于标准的问责制,其重点是记录和解决测试结果中的种族差异。最近,教育工作者和立法者试图解决纪律处分中持续存在的种族不均衡问题。新的行为政策可能被视为对全国对“学校到监狱的管道”的关注和愤怒的回应,这表明学校的纪律做法导致黑人在刑事司法系统中的代表性过高。近年来,地方领导人被要求实施新的纪律改革,同时不断努力改进教学。目的:随着地区面临越来越复杂的政策环境和有限的资源,研究人员必须了解地区领导人如何理解和管理他们负责实施的各种政策。这项研究通过研究学区领导如何管理多项政策,特别是当一些新的做法涉及种族歧视或结构性种族主义时,有助于建立K-12政策实施的知识库。我们通过以下问题来填补文献中的空白:埃尔姆伍德学区在教学政策和学科政策的早期实施过程中出现了哪些差异,是什么可以解释这些差异?研究设计:为了回答这个问题,我们采用了一种比较的嵌入式案例研究设计,并检查了来自单个学区的大量定性数据。Oakes(1992)关于政策变化的技术、规范和政治层面的框架指导了分析,并应用于丰富的访谈数据。结论:总的来说,我们的研究结果突出了埃尔姆伍德领导层在实施这两项政策方面的显著差异。我们的研究表明,尽管教学和纪律改革都旨在解决种族结果差距,但地区领导人可能会以种族化的方式看待纪律,而不是他们对教学政策的看法。纪律政策的种族化性质可能对执行实践产生重大影响。最终,数据表明,种族化的规范信念和价值观,以及政治和技术投资,极大地影响了实施过程,并对种族主义在教育改革中的作用提出了更大的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Shelter from the Storm: Disaster Capitalism and Puerto Rican Undergraduates in Post–Hurricane María Stateside Higher Education 躲避风暴:灾后资本主义与波多黎各大学生María美国高等教育
IF 1 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/01614681231182185
N. Garcia, Vanessa Danek
Background/Context: Our study takes an asset-based approach to examine the experiences of Puerto Rican undergraduates and the consequences of cascading disasters (e.g., hurricanes, earthquakes, COVID-19). Puerto Rican undergraduates were prone to vulnerability during cascading disasters because they lacked emergency supplies (e.g., flashlights), effective communication pre- and postdisaster (e.g., texts), and/or knowledge of disaster-related procedures on campus. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: In this article, we use disaster capitalism and the trauma doctrine as our theoretical underpinnings to address the colonial relationship between the United States and Puerto Rico, in which Puerto Ricans have experienced disaster as an ongoing process illuminated by the sociopolitical and sociohistorical contexts that only exacerbate a longer history of deep-seated colonial traumas. Research Design: This study employs disaster capitalism and the trauma doctrine as a theoretical guide to depict an anticolonial approach and provide a thick description of the multiple case study design bounded by the phenomenon of disaster across two units of analyses from 2017 to 2020. The first unit of analysis (case 1) demonstrates how the public education sector has been diminishing in Puerto Rico due to investments, in this instance, in stateside institutes of higher education (IHEs) through hurricane relief programs. The second unit of analysis (case 2) shows how increasingly paramount it is to examine the experiences of Puerto Rican undergraduates left prone to these vulnerabilities. Conclusions/Recommendations: The theoretical application and findings from our study demonstrate that based on the intersections of disaster capitalism and the trauma doctrine, Puerto Rican undergraduates have and are still experiencing deep-seated trauma masked in disaster “relief” and “recovery” at the hands of the U.S. government and IHEs. These provide an understanding of disaster at the national, institutional, and individual levels.
背景/背景:我们的研究采用基于资产的方法来研究波多黎各本科生的经历和级联灾害(如飓风、地震、COVID-19)的后果。波多黎各的本科生在发生连锁灾害时很容易受到伤害,因为他们缺乏应急物资(如手电筒)、灾前和灾后的有效沟通(如短信)和/或对校园灾害相关程序的了解。目的/目标/研究问题/研究重点:在本文中,我们使用灾难资本主义和创伤学说作为我们的理论基础来解决美国和波多黎各之间的殖民关系,在这种关系中,波多黎各人经历的灾难是一个持续的过程,在社会政治和社会历史背景下,这只会加剧长期根深蒂固的殖民创伤。研究设计:本研究以灾难资本主义和创伤理论为理论指导,描绘了一种反殖民方法,并在2017年至2020年的两个分析单元中,对以灾难现象为边界的多案例研究设计进行了详细描述。第一个分析单元(案例1)展示了波多黎各的公共教育部门是如何由于投资而减少的,在这个例子中,通过飓风救援计划投资了美国国内的高等教育机构(IHEs)。第二个分析单元(案例2)表明,对易受这些脆弱性影响的波多黎各大学生的经历进行研究是多么重要。结论/建议:本研究的理论应用和结果表明,基于灾难资本主义和创伤学说的交叉点,波多黎各大学生在美国政府和高等教育机构的“救灾”和“恢复”中已经并且仍然经历着根深蒂固的创伤。这些提供了在国家、机构和个人层面上对灾难的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-Lens Noticing in Preservice Teachers’ First Attempts at Facilitating Discussion in Diverse English Classes 职前教师在多元化英语课堂中引导讨论的首次尝试:多视角关注
IF 1 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/01614681231180012
Leslie C. Banes, Julia G. Houk, Steven Z. Athanases, Sergio L. Sanchez
Background: Classroom discourse featuring meaning making supports students achieving discipline-specific learning. However, moving beyond recitation requires developing beliefs, skills, structures, and practices. Any theorizing we do about developing discussion practice must attend to realities of culturally and linguistically diverse classrooms. Purpose: Our study offers a teacher education innovation that prepares ELA candidates to facilitate discussion, framed by a set of noticing lenses: noticing for collaborative communication, content learning, and equity. We asked: As they reflected on their first attempts at facilitating discussion in diverse secondary ELA classes, what did preservice teachers (PSTs) notice about their discussion practices and students’ engagement and response patterns? Participants: Our study features an inquiry course in a teacher credential program. Participants were 83 PSTs pursuing secondary English credentials, student teaching in diverse classrooms. Three-fifths identified as White, with 39% identifying as PSTs of color. Design: We constructed a database of multipage essays in which PSTs reflected on videotaped discussion tryouts. We developed a coding scheme from research literature and emerging themes from data review to capture what PSTs noticed. We organized themes conceptually using and adapting a multi-lens noticing framework. Additionally, we constructed vignettes to explore ways two PSTs were noticing discussion engagements among their diverse learners. Results: We found evidence of all three noticing lenses in the data. Of the three lenses, collaborative communication was densest. PSTs were preoccupied with “getting students talking.” PSTs also reflected on attempts at co-constructing meaning and tracking flow of ideas. Three-fourths documented noticing of cross-content literacy development. Fewer PSTs demonstrated attending to collaborative interpretation of literary works, an important aspect of ELA-specific discussion. Although PSTs were beginning to leverage cultural and linguistic knowledge, many were not yet responding to or educating about racism and other forms of bias. To demonstrate multi-lens noticing in practice, we present two vignettes of how PSTs interpreted salient moments in classroom discussion. Conclusions: Our research provides a launching for understanding what PSTs notice in early stages of leading discussion and highlights what is needed to jump-start this process early. Findings underscore the need to build authentic and tangible discussion-leading practice, with deeper attention to ELA disciplinary goals and equity. Our study highlights a framework as an analytical and pedagogical tool to help PSTs organize and reflect on emerging discussion practices. Framework and findings may serve as a heuristic for teacher educators committed to fostering learning about equitable discussion.
背景:以意义制造为特征的课堂话语支持学生实现学科特定学习。然而,超越背诵需要发展信念、技能、结构和实践。我们所做的任何关于发展讨论实践的理论都必须关注文化和语言多样性课堂的现实。目的:我们的研究提供了一种教师教育创新,为ELA考生提供了促进讨论的准备,并由一组注意镜头构成:注意协作交流、内容学习和公平。我们问:当他们反思他们第一次尝试在不同的中学ELA课堂上促进讨论时,职前教师(PSTs)注意到了他们的讨论实践以及学生的参与度和反应模式是什么?参与者:我们的研究以教师证书项目中的探究课程为特色。参与者是83名攻读中学英语证书的PST,学生在不同的课堂上教学。五分之三的人是白人,39%的人是有色人种。设计:我们构建了一个多页论文的数据库,其中PST对录像讨论选拔赛进行了反思。我们根据研究文献和数据综述中的新兴主题开发了一个编码方案,以捕捉PST注意到的内容。我们使用和改编了一个多视角的注意框架,从概念上组织了主题。此外,我们构建了小插曲,以探索两名心理测试人员如何注意到不同学习者之间的讨论参与。结果:我们在数据中发现了所有三种注意镜片的证据。在这三个镜头中,协作交流最为密集。PST专注于“让学生说话”。PST还反思了共同构建意义和跟踪思想流动的尝试。四分之三的人记录了对跨内容识字发展的注意。较少的PST表现出对文学作品的合作解读,这是ELA特定讨论的一个重要方面。尽管PST开始利用文化和语言知识,但许多人还没有对种族主义和其他形式的偏见做出回应或进行教育。为了展示实践中的多视角注意,我们呈现了两个小插曲,讲述了心理战教师如何解读课堂讨论中的重要时刻。结论:我们的研究为理解PST在领导讨论的早期阶段注意到的内容提供了一个起点,并强调了尽早启动这一过程所需的内容。调查结果强调,需要建立真实、切实的讨论主导实践,并更加关注ELA学科目标和公平。我们的研究强调了一个框架,它是一种分析和教学工具,可以帮助PST组织和反思新兴的讨论实践。框架和研究结果可以作为致力于促进公平讨论学习的教师教育工作者的启发。
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引用次数: 1
Breaking Light on Economic Divide: How Elementary School Teachers Locate Class Inequality in Teaching and Schools 打破经济鸿沟:小学教师如何定位教学和学校中的阶级不平等
IF 1 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/01614681231177817
D. Sonu, Karen Zaino
Background/Context: Macro-analyses have documented the raced and classed consequences of rampant economic inequality in schools and society. However, in educational research, there remain clear gaps in understanding how schoolteachers, especially those working with children, locate the appearances of economic inequality in their teaching and how they make sense of the social conditions that create such disparities. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: Key to understanding how economic inequality matters in the classroom is acknowledging teachers as critical to disrupting classist relations, cultivating critical awareness, and advocating on behalf of and in solidarity with those who face the brunt of ongoing systems of racial capitalism and coloniality. Equally critical is how the role of teaching can challenge the neoliberal belief that market principles are the best and only way to shape the impending future. To that end, the purpose of this project was to analyze the process of elementary school teachers in New York City as they materialize a more robust understanding of class formation as a part of lived experience and to advance new possibilities for harnessing the teaching of economics as a means toward racial and social justice. Research Design: As part of this larger project, we asked 57 New York City teachers in grades 1–5 to share responses to Likert and open-ended questions, and analyzed a subset of data along two primary lines of inquiry: In what ways does social class appear in your classroom? Describe a moment in your classroom or school when social class mattered. Through a constructivist grounded analysis, we surfaced four overlapping locations: (1) disparities in material possessions and access among students; (2) tensions between teachers, parents, and families; (3) inequalities built into school-based structures and practices; and (4) teachers’ own subjective histories with social class. Conclusions/Recommendations: Given the dearth of scholarship in this area, particularly at the elementary level, we argue for greater attention to the experiences of teachers as they work within institutions marred by racial capitalist society. Elementary school teachers are keenly aware of how material infrastructures and the extraction of value in and through education present grave inequalities for their students and families. They express genuine interest in deepening their understanding of economic inequality and for spaces to explore ways in which they can respond to the everyday events they shared in this study.
背景/背景:宏观分析记录了学校和社会中严重的经济不平等造成的种族和阶级后果。然而,在教育研究中,在理解教师,特别是那些与儿童一起工作的教师如何在教学中定位经济不平等的表现,以及他们如何理解造成这种不平等的社会条件方面,仍然存在明显的差距。目的/目标/研究问题/研究重点:理解经济不平等在课堂上的重要性的关键是承认教师对破坏阶级关系至关重要,培养批判性意识,并代表和声援那些在持续的种族资本主义和殖民制度中首当其冲的人。同样关键的是,教学的作用如何挑战新自由主义的信念,即市场原则是塑造即将到来的未来的最佳和唯一方式。为此,该项目的目的是分析纽约市小学教师的过程,因为他们将课堂形成作为生活经验的一部分,实现了更有力的理解,并提出了利用经济学教学实现种族和社会正义的新可能性。研究设计:作为这个更大项目的一部分,我们邀请了57名纽约市1-5年级的教师分享对Likert和开放式问题的回答,并沿着两条主要的调查线分析了一组数据:社交课堂在你的课堂上以什么方式出现?描述一下在你的课堂或学校里,社会阶层很重要的一刻。通过基于建构主义的分析,我们发现了四个重叠的位置:(1)学生在物质拥有和获取方面的差异;(2) 教师、家长和家庭之间的紧张关系;(3) 基于学校的结构和做法中存在的不平等现象;(4)教师自身与社会阶层的主观历史。结论/建议:鉴于这一领域缺乏奖学金,特别是在小学阶段,我们主张更多地关注教师在受种族资本主义社会破坏的机构中工作的经历。小学教师敏锐地意识到,物质基础设施和通过教育获取价值给学生和家庭带来了严重的不平等。他们表示真正有兴趣加深对经济不平等的理解,并希望有空间探索他们如何应对本研究中分享的日常事件。
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引用次数: 0
What Aspects of School Climate Matter Most to Asian Teachers’ Job Satisfaction and Well-Being? Evidence from the TALIS 2018 学校氛围对亚洲教师工作满意度和幸福感影响最大的因素是什么?来自2018年TALIS的证据
IF 1 4区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/01614681231171804
M. J. Nalipay
Background/Context: The level of satisfaction and well-being teachers experience are important determinants of teaching effectiveness and their decision to stay in the profession. Although school climate is generally associated with teacher outcomes, identifying the aspects that matter most to teacher satisfaction and well-being could contribute to the formulation of more targeted policies. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus Of Study: The present study focused on the relatively underexplored samples of teachers from five selected Asian societies (Japan, South Korea, Shanghai, Singapore, and Taipei [total n = 30,386]) to identify the aspects of school climate that matter most to their job satisfaction and well-being. Research Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Teaching and Learning International Survey 2018. Multilevel analyses were performed to find out which teacher- and school-level school climate indicators predict teachers’ job satisfaction and well-being in the five Asian societies. Conclusions/Recommendations: Disciplinary climate and participation among stakeholders were consistent predictors of both job satisfaction and workplace well-being and stress, whereas teacher–student relations consistently predicted job satisfaction across the societies. Teacher-level, compared to school-level, school climate indicators were better determinants of Asian teachers’ job satisfaction and well-being in all five societies. This suggests that greater attention should be given to proximal aspects of school climate and teachers’ perceptions about it. These findings can be considered when formulating policies in these contexts.
背景/背景:教师的满意度和幸福感水平是教学效果和他们留在这个行业的决定因素。虽然学校氛围通常与教师成果有关,但确定对教师满意度和幸福感最重要的方面可能有助于制定更有针对性的政策。目的/目标/研究问题/研究重点:本研究聚焦于来自五个选定的亚洲社会(日本、韩国、上海、新加坡和台北[总n = 30,386])的相对未被充分探索的教师样本,以确定学校氛围对他们的工作满意度和幸福感最重要的方面。研究设计:利用2018年教学与学习国际调查的数据进行了一项横断面研究。本研究进行多层级分析,以找出教师和学校层面的学校气候指标预测五个亚洲社会教师的工作满意度和幸福感。结论/建议:学科氛围和利益相关者之间的参与是工作满意度和工作场所幸福感和压力的一致预测因素,而师生关系一致地预测了整个社会的工作满意度。与学校水平相比,教师水平的学校气候指标是五个社会中亚洲教师工作满意度和幸福感的更好决定因素。这表明,应该更多地关注学校气候的近端方面和教师对它的看法。在这些情况下制定政策时可以考虑这些调查结果。
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引用次数: 1
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