While flood inundation mapping and risk assessment have been identified as nonstructural measures for the control of floods, the application of GIS-based techniques has been identified as better alternatives to the traditional methods used over time. GIS tools and HEC-RAS models were utilized for a comprehensive flood risk assessment of the Ofu River Catchment as a case study. A total land area of 265.436 km2 and 92,016 persons are at risk of a 100-year flood return period, while a land area of 265.916 km2 and 1,959,288 persons are at risk of a 200-year flood in addition to roads, built and scattered settlements, forest reserves, oil palm plantations, churches, mosques, schools, police stations, primary health clinics, markets, and wireless masts that will be at risk. The study demonstrated that the application of the GIS and HEC-RAS models is an effective tool for accurate flood risk assessment at the catchment level.
{"title":"Application of GIS and HEC-RAS for flood risk assessment of Ofu River catchment in Nigeria","authors":"M.I Alfa, H.I Owamah, D.B Adie, B.U. Ovuarume, H.B Yaroson","doi":"10.61448/jerisd/1.2.2023.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61448/jerisd/1.2.2023.1","url":null,"abstract":"While flood inundation mapping and risk assessment have been identified as nonstructural measures for the control of floods, the application of GIS-based techniques has been identified as better alternatives to the traditional methods used over time. GIS tools and HEC-RAS models were utilized for a comprehensive flood risk assessment of the Ofu River Catchment as a case study. A total land area of 265.436 km2 and 92,016 persons are at risk of a 100-year flood return period, while a land area of 265.916 km2 and 1,959,288 persons are at risk of a 200-year flood in addition to roads, built and scattered settlements, forest reserves, oil palm plantations, churches, mosques, schools, police stations, primary health clinics, markets, and wireless masts that will be at risk. The study demonstrated that the application of the GIS and HEC-RAS models is an effective tool for accurate flood risk assessment at the catchment level.","PeriodicalId":484452,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Engineering Research Innovation And Scientific Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136357078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The exploration and production of crude oil lead to the production of a significant quantity of associated gas and produce water. The produce water is either reinjected into the oil well or discharged into the environment. There is therefore a need for the water to be treated before any of the aforestated operations are carried out, as it contains a significant amount of microorganisms that pose a threat to production facilities as well as the environment. This research studies the use of a combination of two types of biocides, quaternary ammonium chloride (QUAT) and tetrakis-hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate (THPS), at various ratios in order to determine which is most effective. The pour-plate method for total viable bacterial enumeration was applied. It was discovered that, generally, the blends of biocide proved to be more effective in combating bacterial activities in produce water at lower concentrations and longer reaction times than the individual biocides. Thus, the 75% THPS + 25% QUAT as well as the 50% THPS + 50% QUAT were most effective at a concentration of 1000 ppm and a reaction time of 9 hrs in reducing the microbial population from 1.53 ×108 bacterial cells/ml to 3.3×102 bacterial cells/ml and 3.7×102 bacterial cells/ml, respectively.
{"title":"Effect of Biocides Blend on Microorganisms in Produced Water","authors":"Evuensiri Onoghwarite Ohimor, Ambrose Onajite Akakabota","doi":"10.61448/jerisd/1.2.2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61448/jerisd/1.2.2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"The exploration and production of crude oil lead to the production of a significant quantity of associated gas and produce water. The produce water is either reinjected into the oil well or discharged into the environment. There is therefore a need for the water to be treated before any of the aforestated operations are carried out, as it contains a significant amount of microorganisms that pose a threat to production facilities as well as the environment. This research studies the use of a combination of two types of biocides, quaternary ammonium chloride (QUAT) and tetrakis-hydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate (THPS), at various ratios in order to determine which is most effective. The pour-plate method for total viable bacterial enumeration was applied. It was discovered that, generally, the blends of biocide proved to be more effective in combating bacterial activities in produce water at lower concentrations and longer reaction times than the individual biocides. Thus, the 75% THPS + 25% QUAT as well as the 50% THPS + 50% QUAT were most effective at a concentration of 1000 ppm and a reaction time of 9 hrs in reducing the microbial population from 1.53 ×108 bacterial cells/ml to 3.3×102 bacterial cells/ml and 3.7×102 bacterial cells/ml, respectively.","PeriodicalId":484452,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Engineering Research Innovation And Scientific Development","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136359450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：