Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1080/17452007.2023.2270659
Tejal Chawathe, Ganesh Devkar, Lita Yesudasan
{"title":"Investigating the application of lean tools in the design of healthcare facilities","authors":"Tejal Chawathe, Ganesh Devkar, Lita Yesudasan","doi":"10.1080/17452007.2023.2270659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2023.2270659","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48523,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Engineering and Design Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134906961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1080/17452007.2023.2267559
Sahar Tabarroki, Ahad Nazari, Saeed Banihashemi
ABSTRACTThe design phase is one of the key project processes in the construction industry. Despite the architects’ responsibility to develop complete, accurate and coordinated project documents, architectural design is accompanied by multiple errors and consequential risks. That is, the errors are potentially costly and time-consuming to correct and impose significant risks if are not caught early during the design phase, and become cumbersome to be handled in the construction documents and the construction phase. The aim of this research is to identify the risky stages in the architectural design process and find what factors cause risks in that process within the context of Iran. To this end, a combination of a qualitative and quantitative method as the sequential mixed-method was designed in which the research was commenced through the qualitative exploratory investigation to discover the literature and then, proceeded to the quantitative research including questionnaire design, model structure development and the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) application and analysis. The results of the study reveal that the greatest design risks may occur in the identification and investigation phase of the Iranian architectural design process when the feasibility studies and planning are not conducted accurately, correctly and completely. Moreover, the outcome shows that time pressures in design data collection, ambiguous objectives of the clients, and poor disciplinary coordination are the main risk factors in architectural design.Highlights documentation is important because clients ignore permission from architectstime pressures in the data collection stage are one of the root-causes of errorsengineers poorly interact with architects and clients as the main partiesthe process of the supplementary studies stage needs significant coordinationthe method of cost estimation and project planning is ineffectiveKEYWORDS: Design process; architectural design; design error; risk modellingconstruction projects Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Risk stages and factors in architectural design- A structural equation modelling","authors":"Sahar Tabarroki, Ahad Nazari, Saeed Banihashemi","doi":"10.1080/17452007.2023.2267559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2023.2267559","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe design phase is one of the key project processes in the construction industry. Despite the architects’ responsibility to develop complete, accurate and coordinated project documents, architectural design is accompanied by multiple errors and consequential risks. That is, the errors are potentially costly and time-consuming to correct and impose significant risks if are not caught early during the design phase, and become cumbersome to be handled in the construction documents and the construction phase. The aim of this research is to identify the risky stages in the architectural design process and find what factors cause risks in that process within the context of Iran. To this end, a combination of a qualitative and quantitative method as the sequential mixed-method was designed in which the research was commenced through the qualitative exploratory investigation to discover the literature and then, proceeded to the quantitative research including questionnaire design, model structure development and the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) application and analysis. The results of the study reveal that the greatest design risks may occur in the identification and investigation phase of the Iranian architectural design process when the feasibility studies and planning are not conducted accurately, correctly and completely. Moreover, the outcome shows that time pressures in design data collection, ambiguous objectives of the clients, and poor disciplinary coordination are the main risk factors in architectural design.Highlights documentation is important because clients ignore permission from architectstime pressures in the data collection stage are one of the root-causes of errorsengineers poorly interact with architects and clients as the main partiesthe process of the supplementary studies stage needs significant coordinationthe method of cost estimation and project planning is ineffectiveKEYWORDS: Design process; architectural design; design error; risk modellingconstruction projects Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":48523,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Engineering and Design Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135315983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1080/17452007.2023.2272618
Hao Yuan, Xiumei Shen
ABSTRACTNavigating narrow restrooms is challenging for the elderly using wheelchairs or walkers (EUWW). Existing research focuses on the convenience of furniture use in the restroom and overlooks the convenience of mobility between furniture pieces. However, the floor plans of accessible restrooms determine the mobility path of EUWW, affecting mobility convenience. Thus, to improve mobility, floor plans should be evaluated to shorten movement distances and reduce bends. Experiments in constructed environments were expensive. This study instead proposes a novel path-planning based method for accessible restroom floor plan evaluation, simulating mobility paths in a virtual environment, and evaluating how the floor plans of accessible restrooms affect mobility and convenience. The results showed that: (1) wheelchair users, who approach the toilet from the rear, and walker users find opposite wall toilet-sink arrangements convenient. While Wheelchair users, who approach the toilet from the side or front, find it convenient if the toilet and sink are situated on different walls at a 90° angle. Toilets and sinks on the same wall are inconvenient. (2) Corner sinks and toilets reduce EUWW's turning angles. (3) The farther the sink is from the side wall, the more convenient it is for EUWW. (4) The 45° side approach is the most convenient for moving, followed by the frontal approach, and lastly the 90° approach. Theoretically, this study uses path planning algorithms, simulating the movement of EUWW with varying capabilities and offering a new perspective for barrier-free architectural design. Practically, this study provides recommendations for optimizing accessible restroom floor plans.KEYWORDS: Accessible restroomfloor plan optimizationmobility conveniencepath planning algorithmwheelchair and walker users AcknowledgementsThe authors acknowledge the contribution of the editors and reviewers to this paper.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Optimizing floor plans of accessible restrooms in elderly long-term care facilities: a path planning approach","authors":"Hao Yuan, Xiumei Shen","doi":"10.1080/17452007.2023.2272618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2023.2272618","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTNavigating narrow restrooms is challenging for the elderly using wheelchairs or walkers (EUWW). Existing research focuses on the convenience of furniture use in the restroom and overlooks the convenience of mobility between furniture pieces. However, the floor plans of accessible restrooms determine the mobility path of EUWW, affecting mobility convenience. Thus, to improve mobility, floor plans should be evaluated to shorten movement distances and reduce bends. Experiments in constructed environments were expensive. This study instead proposes a novel path-planning based method for accessible restroom floor plan evaluation, simulating mobility paths in a virtual environment, and evaluating how the floor plans of accessible restrooms affect mobility and convenience. The results showed that: (1) wheelchair users, who approach the toilet from the rear, and walker users find opposite wall toilet-sink arrangements convenient. While Wheelchair users, who approach the toilet from the side or front, find it convenient if the toilet and sink are situated on different walls at a 90° angle. Toilets and sinks on the same wall are inconvenient. (2) Corner sinks and toilets reduce EUWW's turning angles. (3) The farther the sink is from the side wall, the more convenient it is for EUWW. (4) The 45° side approach is the most convenient for moving, followed by the frontal approach, and lastly the 90° approach. Theoretically, this study uses path planning algorithms, simulating the movement of EUWW with varying capabilities and offering a new perspective for barrier-free architectural design. Practically, this study provides recommendations for optimizing accessible restroom floor plans.KEYWORDS: Accessible restroomfloor plan optimizationmobility conveniencepath planning algorithmwheelchair and walker users AcknowledgementsThe authors acknowledge the contribution of the editors and reviewers to this paper.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":48523,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Engineering and Design Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135315731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACTCommercial buildings consume significant energy in the United States and exhibit high potential for energy use reduction through retrofits. Benchmarking and energy simulation are well established tools in the industry to identify potential improvements and measure performance. Analysis to identify most sensitive retrofit parameters to energy performance can optimize investment and available energy savings. Presented study demonstrates methodology using a static model to determine sensitivity of building design and retrofit parameters with respect to energy performance. Calibrated simulation energy models (eQUEST) of two distribution centers (A, B) are presented. A fractional factorial analysis is conducted on retrofit parameters of efficiency measures targeting the highest energy consumers, and the results are benchmarked using Energy Star® Portfolio Manager. A custom Microsoft Excel® based simulation model is created to simulate occupancy levels, lighting, plug loads, and other equipment used in various spaces throughout the day. For Building A, efficient lighting was the most influential parameter for energy savings, carbon savings and benchmarking score; whereas, for Building B, HVAC efficiency was most influential for energy and demand controlled ventilation and economizers was most influential for benchmarking score. While retrofit projects can save energy and carbon emissions, variation in source-site ratios and state grid emissions, benchmarking scores may not always reflect equivalent improvement. State grid emissions factors, natural gas composition are difficult to model and hence not considered in this study. The synergistic analysis presented, emphasizes the importance of benchmarking and efficiency retrofits in promoting sustainable building practices to reduce energy consumption.KEYWORDS: Energy simulationeQUESTenergy benchmarkingEnergy Star® Portfolio Managerretrofit and design parameterssensitivity analysis Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, B.G., upon reasonable request.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy.
{"title":"Simulating energy performance of buildings: a study using eQUEST and Energy Star® portfolio manager","authors":"Sabin Wagle, Bhaskaran Gopalakrishnan, Hailin Li, Zhichao Liu, Subodh Chaudhari, Senthil Sundaramoorthy","doi":"10.1080/17452007.2023.2270679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2023.2270679","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTCommercial buildings consume significant energy in the United States and exhibit high potential for energy use reduction through retrofits. Benchmarking and energy simulation are well established tools in the industry to identify potential improvements and measure performance. Analysis to identify most sensitive retrofit parameters to energy performance can optimize investment and available energy savings. Presented study demonstrates methodology using a static model to determine sensitivity of building design and retrofit parameters with respect to energy performance. Calibrated simulation energy models (eQUEST) of two distribution centers (A, B) are presented. A fractional factorial analysis is conducted on retrofit parameters of efficiency measures targeting the highest energy consumers, and the results are benchmarked using Energy Star® Portfolio Manager. A custom Microsoft Excel® based simulation model is created to simulate occupancy levels, lighting, plug loads, and other equipment used in various spaces throughout the day. For Building A, efficient lighting was the most influential parameter for energy savings, carbon savings and benchmarking score; whereas, for Building B, HVAC efficiency was most influential for energy and demand controlled ventilation and economizers was most influential for benchmarking score. While retrofit projects can save energy and carbon emissions, variation in source-site ratios and state grid emissions, benchmarking scores may not always reflect equivalent improvement. State grid emissions factors, natural gas composition are difficult to model and hence not considered in this study. The synergistic analysis presented, emphasizes the importance of benchmarking and efficiency retrofits in promoting sustainable building practices to reduce energy consumption.KEYWORDS: Energy simulationeQUESTenergy benchmarkingEnergy Star® Portfolio Managerretrofit and design parameterssensitivity analysis Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementThe data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, B.G., upon reasonable request.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy.","PeriodicalId":48523,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Engineering and Design Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135779563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/17452007.2023.2272623
Shaoqing Ren, Guofeng Qiang, Shu Tang, Cheng Zhang, Hyung-Joon Seo, Keyao Wu
ABSTRACTPrefabricated construction is spreading widely for its various advantages like construction efficiency, quality assurance, and environmental protection. However, ensuring project cost-effectiveness under the ever-increasing demands of prefabrication rate requirements has become a challenge. There is a growing need for Quantity Take-off (QTO) feedback on building components for stakeholders in the initial stages of structural design. This paper aims to create an automated design-feedback workflow for the structural QTO using the BIM-assisted visual programming tool Dynamo. The workflow includes model construction, data analysis, unit price data encoding, and design automation. The proposed method demonstrates the pattern of data exchange between stakeholders and is automated by the created visual programming scripts, breaking the original technical limitations, and presenting timely QTO feedback to the clients in a straightforward format. This study contributes to the field of design communication while satisfying the client’s requirements at the structural design stage.KEYWORDS: Building information modellingquantity take-offstructural designautomated design-feedbackdynamo Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementRen, S, Tang, S. Data for An Automatic Design-feedback Process for Structural Prefabricated Components Quantity Take-off Calculation Using BIM. Menderely Data 2023;10. https://data.mendeley.com/drafts/wwnbr2y5hw.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the [National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Young Scientist Fund] under Grant [No. 62102324] and [Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Research Development Fund] under Grant [No. RDF 20-10-14].
{"title":"An automatic design-feedback process for structural prefabricated components quantity take-off calculation using BIM","authors":"Shaoqing Ren, Guofeng Qiang, Shu Tang, Cheng Zhang, Hyung-Joon Seo, Keyao Wu","doi":"10.1080/17452007.2023.2272623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2023.2272623","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTPrefabricated construction is spreading widely for its various advantages like construction efficiency, quality assurance, and environmental protection. However, ensuring project cost-effectiveness under the ever-increasing demands of prefabrication rate requirements has become a challenge. There is a growing need for Quantity Take-off (QTO) feedback on building components for stakeholders in the initial stages of structural design. This paper aims to create an automated design-feedback workflow for the structural QTO using the BIM-assisted visual programming tool Dynamo. The workflow includes model construction, data analysis, unit price data encoding, and design automation. The proposed method demonstrates the pattern of data exchange between stakeholders and is automated by the created visual programming scripts, breaking the original technical limitations, and presenting timely QTO feedback to the clients in a straightforward format. This study contributes to the field of design communication while satisfying the client’s requirements at the structural design stage.KEYWORDS: Building information modellingquantity take-offstructural designautomated design-feedbackdynamo Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Data availability statementRen, S, Tang, S. Data for An Automatic Design-feedback Process for Structural Prefabricated Components Quantity Take-off Calculation Using BIM. Menderely Data 2023;10. https://data.mendeley.com/drafts/wwnbr2y5hw.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the [National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Young Scientist Fund] under Grant [No. 62102324] and [Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Research Development Fund] under Grant [No. RDF 20-10-14].","PeriodicalId":48523,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Engineering and Design Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135780513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1080/17452007.2023.2269559
Asmaa Gamal, Basma Nashaat, Merhan M. Shahda, Shaimaa R. Nosier
ABSTRACTRecently, digital fabrication techniques have captured the attention of many architects and makers due to their ability to challenge traditional construction techniques and complex forms that were hard to apply in the past. Digital fabrication has bridged the gap between the architectural design and construction processes by creating a direct digital link to the appropriate fabrication machines. Nevertheless, integrating digital fabrication techniques in the architectural design processes is still a major challenge to creating a culture of digital building all over the world. In this regard, this paper has arranged 10 key questions and their answers with a particular focus on how to integrate digital fabrication techniques into the architectural design process. It provides an overview of digital fabrication concepts and processes, computer software, material selection, the most popular digital fabrication techniques and their architectural applications such as free-form geometries, façades design, buildings, bridges, pavilions as well as structures like columns, walls, and slabs, along with the most significant challenges and opportunities facing the widespread use of these techniques in architecture. In an effort to identify new research trends, this paper concludes by discussing the state of the art in architecture-related digital fabrication research and research potential gaps, which will be beneficial to further research and scientific investigations in this field. Hence, a conceptual framework is suggested as a guideline for numerous architects, fabricators, and researchers to follow for integrating digital fabrication techniques into the architectural design process in order to take advantage of this strategy at scale.KEYWORDS: Digital fabricationarchitectural designmanufacturing processCAD/CAM technologiesrobotic fabrication3D printinglaser cutterCNC millingrapid prototyping (RP) Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Ten questions concerning the integration of digital fabrication techniques into the architectural design process","authors":"Asmaa Gamal, Basma Nashaat, Merhan M. Shahda, Shaimaa R. Nosier","doi":"10.1080/17452007.2023.2269559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2023.2269559","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTRecently, digital fabrication techniques have captured the attention of many architects and makers due to their ability to challenge traditional construction techniques and complex forms that were hard to apply in the past. Digital fabrication has bridged the gap between the architectural design and construction processes by creating a direct digital link to the appropriate fabrication machines. Nevertheless, integrating digital fabrication techniques in the architectural design processes is still a major challenge to creating a culture of digital building all over the world. In this regard, this paper has arranged 10 key questions and their answers with a particular focus on how to integrate digital fabrication techniques into the architectural design process. It provides an overview of digital fabrication concepts and processes, computer software, material selection, the most popular digital fabrication techniques and their architectural applications such as free-form geometries, façades design, buildings, bridges, pavilions as well as structures like columns, walls, and slabs, along with the most significant challenges and opportunities facing the widespread use of these techniques in architecture. In an effort to identify new research trends, this paper concludes by discussing the state of the art in architecture-related digital fabrication research and research potential gaps, which will be beneficial to further research and scientific investigations in this field. Hence, a conceptual framework is suggested as a guideline for numerous architects, fabricators, and researchers to follow for integrating digital fabrication techniques into the architectural design process in order to take advantage of this strategy at scale.KEYWORDS: Digital fabricationarchitectural designmanufacturing processCAD/CAM technologiesrobotic fabrication3D printinglaser cutterCNC millingrapid prototyping (RP) Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":48523,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Engineering and Design Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1080/17452007.2023.2270630
E. Y. Gokyigit Arpaci, D. Eksi Akbulut, O. Yildiz
ABSTRACTThis study aims to find solutions to the weak water resistance problems of earthen buildings and reduce the frequency of the periodic maintenance they require by using admixture materials in the production of soil building materials which will be tested for their effectiveness in the enhancement of earthen buildings' water resistance. In the study, the chemical and mineralogical properties of the cohesive (clayey) soil material, which is locally called 'Gavcin' and used on flat soil roofs in the Kemaliye district of Erzincan province, were determined by XRF and XRD methods whereas the grain size distributions of them were analyzed through granulometric and hydrometric analysis. For the analysis, six different admixture materials were mixed with the original material and the liquid limit (WL), plastic limit (WP), plasticity index (IP), and soil's natural unit volume weight of the original material versus the admixture-added materials were determined. Mortars were produced with original and additive materials in order to determine their physical properties. Unit volume weights, specific gravity, density, compaction-porosity, weight water absorption potential, hardened volumetric water absorption and capillary water absorption (capillarity) capacities of the produced mortars were determined on the 28th and 365th days, respectively. In terms of consistency limits, the most satisfactory experimental results were obtained from G3 and G7 samples (29.3% and 31.3% of Liquid limits and 27.9% and 27.4% of plastic limits). In addition, these two specimens were observed to be most resistant specimens to capillary suction at the end of 28 and 365 days.KEYWORDS: Earthen buildingadmixture materialssoil building materialsoil stabilizationwater resistance AcknowledgementsThis study is supported by TUBITAK's (Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) project numbered 217M561 and Yıldız Technical University BAPK’s (Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit) project numbered FBA-2021-4738.1. This is a note. The style name is Footnotes, but it can also be applied to endnotes.Data availability statementNot applicable.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Informed consent statementNot applicable.Institutional review board statementNot applicable.Additional informationFundingThis study is supported by TUBITAK's (Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) project numbered 217M561 and Yıldız Technical University BAPK’s (Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit) project numbered FBA-2021-4738.1.
{"title":"Enhancing water resistance of earthen buildings by using admixture materials","authors":"E. Y. Gokyigit Arpaci, D. Eksi Akbulut, O. Yildiz","doi":"10.1080/17452007.2023.2270630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2023.2270630","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis study aims to find solutions to the weak water resistance problems of earthen buildings and reduce the frequency of the periodic maintenance they require by using admixture materials in the production of soil building materials which will be tested for their effectiveness in the enhancement of earthen buildings' water resistance. In the study, the chemical and mineralogical properties of the cohesive (clayey) soil material, which is locally called 'Gavcin' and used on flat soil roofs in the Kemaliye district of Erzincan province, were determined by XRF and XRD methods whereas the grain size distributions of them were analyzed through granulometric and hydrometric analysis. For the analysis, six different admixture materials were mixed with the original material and the liquid limit (WL), plastic limit (WP), plasticity index (IP), and soil's natural unit volume weight of the original material versus the admixture-added materials were determined. Mortars were produced with original and additive materials in order to determine their physical properties. Unit volume weights, specific gravity, density, compaction-porosity, weight water absorption potential, hardened volumetric water absorption and capillary water absorption (capillarity) capacities of the produced mortars were determined on the 28th and 365th days, respectively. In terms of consistency limits, the most satisfactory experimental results were obtained from G3 and G7 samples (29.3% and 31.3% of Liquid limits and 27.9% and 27.4% of plastic limits). In addition, these two specimens were observed to be most resistant specimens to capillary suction at the end of 28 and 365 days.KEYWORDS: Earthen buildingadmixture materialssoil building materialsoil stabilizationwater resistance AcknowledgementsThis study is supported by TUBITAK's (Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) project numbered 217M561 and Yıldız Technical University BAPK’s (Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit) project numbered FBA-2021-4738.1. This is a note. The style name is Footnotes, but it can also be applied to endnotes.Data availability statementNot applicable.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Informed consent statementNot applicable.Institutional review board statementNot applicable.Additional informationFundingThis study is supported by TUBITAK's (Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) project numbered 217M561 and Yıldız Technical University BAPK’s (Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit) project numbered FBA-2021-4738.1.","PeriodicalId":48523,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Engineering and Design Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136116761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.1080/17452007.2023.2267570
Jenan Abu Qadourah
ABSTRACTThe depletion of conventional fossil fuel supplies and the growing global population necessitate a significant reduction in energy use and harmful emissions. High sun radiation in the Mediterranean region increases summer overheating, and results in increasing energy expenditures and building emissions. But, this also presents an opportunity for solar energy systems, as building designers see photovoltaic integrated shading devices (PVSD) as an innovative and environmentally friendly solution for multi-story cities with limited rooftop space. Integrating a photovoltaic (PV) system into a building's exterior is a challenging process that, if not done correctly, might lead to the PV system failing. Consequently, it's crucial to assess alternative design options' energy performance from the initial planning stages. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine and evaluate the potential effects of different PVSDs on the energy efficiency of apartment complexes in the Mediterranean area. In order to accomplish the study's goal, computer simulations were conducted to evaluate and compare the energy consumption of various configurations of PVSDs. Additionally, a comprehensive energy index was established by considering several energy factors, including the energy demand of the building and the energy generation of the photovoltaic system. Based on the results obtained, it has been determined that the PVSD system is capable of satisfying a range of 25.1% to 35.6% of the electricity demands of the apartment complex. This study makes a significant contribution to the field of sustainable innovation, highlighting its potential to address the urgent need for emission reduction and energy conservation.KEYWORDS: Photovoltaic integrated shading devicesolar energysustainable architectureenergy performancesimulationsolar shading solutionsMediterranean climate Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Evaluating solar-active shading solutions: a study of energy performance in Mediterranean residential architecture","authors":"Jenan Abu Qadourah","doi":"10.1080/17452007.2023.2267570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2023.2267570","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe depletion of conventional fossil fuel supplies and the growing global population necessitate a significant reduction in energy use and harmful emissions. High sun radiation in the Mediterranean region increases summer overheating, and results in increasing energy expenditures and building emissions. But, this also presents an opportunity for solar energy systems, as building designers see photovoltaic integrated shading devices (PVSD) as an innovative and environmentally friendly solution for multi-story cities with limited rooftop space. Integrating a photovoltaic (PV) system into a building's exterior is a challenging process that, if not done correctly, might lead to the PV system failing. Consequently, it's crucial to assess alternative design options' energy performance from the initial planning stages. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine and evaluate the potential effects of different PVSDs on the energy efficiency of apartment complexes in the Mediterranean area. In order to accomplish the study's goal, computer simulations were conducted to evaluate and compare the energy consumption of various configurations of PVSDs. Additionally, a comprehensive energy index was established by considering several energy factors, including the energy demand of the building and the energy generation of the photovoltaic system. Based on the results obtained, it has been determined that the PVSD system is capable of satisfying a range of 25.1% to 35.6% of the electricity demands of the apartment complex. This study makes a significant contribution to the field of sustainable innovation, highlighting its potential to address the urgent need for emission reduction and energy conservation.KEYWORDS: Photovoltaic integrated shading devicesolar energysustainable architectureenergy performancesimulationsolar shading solutionsMediterranean climate Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":48523,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Engineering and Design Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136296037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACTThe geometric quality of precast concrete (PC) elements is critical in the construction and management of prefabricated construction. However, traditional manual inspection is time-consuming, inaccurate and costly. Therefore, an effective and low-cost non-contact inspection method is needed to support the geometric quality inspection of PC elements as a way to improve inspection efficiency and accuracy. In this study, an intuitive, effective and inexpensive geometric quality inspection method is proposed to evaluate the geometric quality of PC elements using 3D structural light scanning technology. The proposed method fits the point cloud data model of PC elements to the design model, visualizes the range of dimensional deviation of the whole element by the generated deviation chromatogram, and then evaluates the overall geometric quality of PC elements based on the local absolute deviation distance and the average deviation distance. The evaluation results classify PC elements into qualified products, partially unqualified products and severely defective products, which can be directly used to guide the treatment of unqualified products. The method is highly integrated with realistic construction and has a strong practical value. This study enriches the means of assessing the geometric quality of PC elements and shows potential for implementation in real practice.KEYWORDS: Geometric quality assessmentstructural light scanningprecast concretedeviation chromatogram3D reconstruction AcknowledgementsThe authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology (Grant Number: 2021I0014) and the Xiamen Municipal Construction Bureau (Grant Number: XJK2022-1-7).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Geometric quality assessment of precast concrete (PC) elements based on 3D structural light scanning","authors":"Chen Wang, Fengyu Gao, Benben Cui, Merit M. Huang, Mabao Wu, Lulu Mao, Anmin Zheng","doi":"10.1080/17452007.2023.2264300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2023.2264300","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe geometric quality of precast concrete (PC) elements is critical in the construction and management of prefabricated construction. However, traditional manual inspection is time-consuming, inaccurate and costly. Therefore, an effective and low-cost non-contact inspection method is needed to support the geometric quality inspection of PC elements as a way to improve inspection efficiency and accuracy. In this study, an intuitive, effective and inexpensive geometric quality inspection method is proposed to evaluate the geometric quality of PC elements using 3D structural light scanning technology. The proposed method fits the point cloud data model of PC elements to the design model, visualizes the range of dimensional deviation of the whole element by the generated deviation chromatogram, and then evaluates the overall geometric quality of PC elements based on the local absolute deviation distance and the average deviation distance. The evaluation results classify PC elements into qualified products, partially unqualified products and severely defective products, which can be directly used to guide the treatment of unqualified products. The method is highly integrated with realistic construction and has a strong practical value. This study enriches the means of assessing the geometric quality of PC elements and shows potential for implementation in real practice.KEYWORDS: Geometric quality assessmentstructural light scanningprecast concretedeviation chromatogram3D reconstruction AcknowledgementsThe authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology (Grant Number: 2021I0014) and the Xiamen Municipal Construction Bureau (Grant Number: XJK2022-1-7).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":48523,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Engineering and Design Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135094390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.1080/17452007.2023.2263519
Seamus Harrington, Mark Mulville, Spyros Stravoravdis
The requirement for natural ventilation strategies in classrooms to perform in respect to both their inherent and adaptive capacity is necessary to mitigate the risk of transmission associated with infectious airborne pathogens such as COVID-19. This paper assesses the performance of ten classrooms considering (a) the designed versus actual ventilation capacity; (b) the probability of airborne disease transmission by unit time resulting from calculated ventilation rates and (c) the reduction of transmission risk associated with mask wearing by all occupants. Monitored air changes per hour (ACH) range from 0.26–1.7, demonstrating that none of the classrooms meet designed ventilation rate whilst in operation. If the designed ventilation rate of 5 ACH were to be achieved, it would represent an infection risk of less than 1% during standard class durations and 5% over an 8-hour school day. The minimum achieved ventilation rate represents an infection risk of 7–12% (per class) and 75–100% (per school day) dependent on classroom specific parameters. Protection is afforded by the wearing of masks within the indoor school setting. During specified class durations in settings with sub-optimal ventilation rates, probability of infection can be reduced from 7–12% to 1–5%. Over an 8-hour school day, probability of infection can be reduced from 75–100% to 18–43%. These reductions are possible dependent on mask choice.
{"title":"The relationship between ventilation rates in schools and the indoor airborne transmission potential of COVID-19","authors":"Seamus Harrington, Mark Mulville, Spyros Stravoravdis","doi":"10.1080/17452007.2023.2263519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2023.2263519","url":null,"abstract":"The requirement for natural ventilation strategies in classrooms to perform in respect to both their inherent and adaptive capacity is necessary to mitigate the risk of transmission associated with infectious airborne pathogens such as COVID-19. This paper assesses the performance of ten classrooms considering (a) the designed versus actual ventilation capacity; (b) the probability of airborne disease transmission by unit time resulting from calculated ventilation rates and (c) the reduction of transmission risk associated with mask wearing by all occupants. Monitored air changes per hour (ACH) range from 0.26–1.7, demonstrating that none of the classrooms meet designed ventilation rate whilst in operation. If the designed ventilation rate of 5 ACH were to be achieved, it would represent an infection risk of less than 1% during standard class durations and 5% over an 8-hour school day. The minimum achieved ventilation rate represents an infection risk of 7–12% (per class) and 75–100% (per school day) dependent on classroom specific parameters. Protection is afforded by the wearing of masks within the indoor school setting. During specified class durations in settings with sub-optimal ventilation rates, probability of infection can be reduced from 7–12% to 1–5%. Over an 8-hour school day, probability of infection can be reduced from 75–100% to 18–43%. These reductions are possible dependent on mask choice.","PeriodicalId":48523,"journal":{"name":"Architectural Engineering and Design Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136280279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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