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Effect of heat-input and post-weld heat treatment on residual stress and deformation of butt welded joint made by structural carbon steel A516 grade 70 热输入和焊后热处理对A516 70级结构钢对接焊接接头残余应力和变形的影响
Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.52923/vmfs.jstm.62023.108.02
Xuan Tran Thi, Toai Vu Dinh
Residual stress and welding deformation are unfavorable factors and always exist in the welded joint. They seriously reduce the working capacity of the welded structure, and at the same time disfigure the aesthetics of the welded structure. Therefore, knowing the influence of the welding parameter, specifically the heat-input, on the residual stress and deformation of the welded joint is of great significance, helping to determine the appropriate welding parameter for each specific welding joint. Welding deformation can be easily measured with common measuring instruments, but determining the residual stress in the welded joint by experiment encounters many difficulties, especially in the interior of the material, so this study proposes a solution to determine the residual stress as well as welding deformation by numerical simulation using SYSWELD software with the least cost and fastest time. The research results show that when welding with a higher heat-input, the residual stress in the welded joint will be greater, causing the longitudinal and transverse deformations to be larger. For a butt welding joint made of structural carbon steel A516 grade 70 with 16 mm thickness, it is necessary to weld 4 passes with the heat-input respectively for the minimum residual stress and deformation are q1=2252 J/mm, q2=2828 J/mm, q3=2458 J/mm, and q4=2878 J/mm. The post-weld heat treatment immediately after welding at 595 oC for 40 minutes will reduce residual stress 3.45 times, reduce longitudinal deformation 2.82 times, reduce transverse deformation 1.54 times, and reduce the angular deformation 1.32 times.
残余应力和焊接变形是焊接接头中一直存在的不利因素。它们严重降低了焊接结构的工作能力,同时也破坏了焊接结构的美观性。因此,了解焊接参数,特别是热输入对焊接接头残余应力和变形的影响具有重要意义,有助于为每个具体焊接接头确定合适的焊接参数。常用的测量仪器可以很容易地测量焊接变形,但通过实验确定焊接接头的残余应力存在很多困难,特别是在材料内部,因此本研究提出了一种利用SYSWELD软件以最小的成本和最快的时间通过数值模拟确定残余应力和焊接变形的解决方案。研究结果表明,当热输入较大时,焊接接头中的残余应力较大,导致纵向和横向变形较大。对于厚度为16mm的A516 70级结构钢的对接焊接接头,需要焊接4道,其最小残余应力和变形分别为q1=2252 J/mm, q2=2828 J/mm, q3=2458 J/mm, q4=2878 J/mm。焊后立即在595℃下进行40分钟的焊后热处理,可使残余应力减小3.45倍,纵向变形减小2.82倍,横向变形减小1.54倍,角变形减小1.32倍。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of temperature gradient on precipitation in liquid Si-Ti-C 温度梯度对液态Si-Ti-C析出的影响
Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.52923/vmfs.jstm.62023.108.01
Tan Ha Minh, Khanh Pham Mai
The mechanical properties of alloys and castings strongly depend on the formation of their microstructure. Heat treatment conditions have a directly effect on the grain size. Typically, smaller grain sizes result in improved mechanical properties. To achieve small grain sizes, a commonly applied method is rapid cooling, known as quenching. During the cooling process, there is always a temperature gradient within the casting, which can affect the formation of the microstructure. This study investigates the influence of temperature gradient on the size and morphology of the grains. The results show that at lower temperature gradients, the formed microstructure has a spherical shape. Increasing the temperature gradient leads to greater grain deformation.
合金和铸件的力学性能在很大程度上取决于其微观结构的形成。热处理条件对晶粒尺寸有直接影响。通常,较小的晶粒尺寸会改善机械性能。为了获得小晶粒尺寸,一种常用的方法是快速冷却,即淬火。在冷却过程中,铸件内部始终存在温度梯度,影响组织的形成。研究了温度梯度对晶粒尺寸和形貌的影响。结果表明:在较低的温度梯度下,形成的显微组织呈球形;温度梯度增大,晶粒变形增大。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of titanium addition on austenite grain size and mechanical properties of high manganese steel 添加钛对高锰钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸及力学性能的影响
Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.52923/vmfs.jstm.42023.107.02
Hai Nguyen Hong, Tan Ha Minh, Trung Nguyen Danh
Manganese steels have been widely used in industries due to their good wear resistance, high work hardening ability, and high toughness and ductility. This research investigated the effect of modification, i.e., FeTi and Mischmetal, on the grain size and mechanical properties of the high manganese steel (13–15 wt.%). The alloys are modified at different temperatures of 1500, 1550, and 1600 o. The modified alloys were heat-treated after solidification by a two-step process. The grain size, chemical composition, and phase formation of the heat-treated steel were characterized by Optical Microscopy, X-ray Diffractometry, and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of the steel, such as Brinell hardness, tensile strength, and toughness, were measured. As a result, the grain size of the heat-treated alloys is smaller compared to that of un-modified alloys and decreases with the increase in modification amount. The addition of Ti reduced C in the austenite phase by forming very stable carbides, TiC. Maximum tensile strength of 780 MPa was achieved with the addition of 0.1 wt.% Ti, while maximum fracture toughness was 140 J/cm2 at 0.05 wt.% Ti.
锰钢具有良好的耐磨性、高的加工硬化能力、高的韧性和延展性,在工业上得到了广泛的应用。本文研究了FeTi和混合稀土对高锰钢(13-15 wt.%)晶粒尺寸和力学性能的影响。在1500、1550和1600℃的不同温度下对合金进行改性,并对改性后的合金进行两步热处理。采用光学显微镜、x射线衍射仪和能量色散x射线光谱学对热处理钢的晶粒尺寸、化学成分和相形成进行了表征。测量了钢的力学性能,如布氏硬度、抗拉强度和韧性。结果表明,热处理合金的晶粒尺寸比未改性合金小,且随改性量的增加而减小。Ti的加入通过形成非常稳定的碳化物TiC降低了奥氏体相中的C。当Ti含量为0.1 wt.%时,拉伸强度可达780 MPa;当Ti含量为0.05 wt.%时,断裂韧性可达140 J/cm2。
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引用次数: 0
Facile synthesis of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles using titanium metal and its enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light 金属钛制备锐钛矿型TiO2纳米颗粒及其在可见光下增强的光催化活性
Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.52923/vmfs.jstm.42023.107.01
Trang Ha Kieu, Thuong Le Thi, Trang Nguyen Thi, Nga Nguyen Kim, Quan Ngo Duc, Dien Luong Xuan
A green sol-gel method was employed to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) using titanium metal. The syn-thesized TiO2 NPs underwent comprehensive characterization using techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) to evaluate their structure, morphology, and spectral properties. By adjusting the amount of oxalic acid, tailored physico-chemical properties of anatase TiO2 catalysts were achieved. The obtained TiO2 catalysts demonstrated a high surface area, excellent absorption, and remarkable photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. This enhancement is primarily contributed by the large surface area and oxygen vacancies.
采用绿色溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化钛纳米粒子。利用x射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等技术对合成的TiO2 NPs进行了全面表征,以评估其结构、形貌和光谱性质。通过调节草酸的用量,获得了适合锐钛矿型TiO2催化剂的理化性能。所制得的TiO2催化剂在可见光照射下具有高的比表面积、优异的吸附性和对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解效果。这种增强主要是由于大的表面积和氧空位。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis of TiO2 from Ilmenite ore using the molten salt method 钛铁矿熔融盐法制备TiO2
Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.52923/vmfs.jstm.42023.107.03
Anh Le Thi Van, Ngoc Tran Vu Diem, Thao Nguyen Thi
In this study, the titanium dioxide was synthesized from ilmenite ore concentrate (containing 80,48 % TiO2; 9,65 % SiO2; 4,84 % ZrO2; 1,36 % Fe2O3,...) using the molten alkali method. The alkali roasting process was investigated under various conditions: NaOH/ilmenite mass ratio (0.9 - 1.2), reaction temperature from 500 to 650 oC for 60 minutes. These experimental results showed that the highest roasting efficiency was 95 % when NaOH/ilmenite ratio was 1,1/1,0 at a temperature of 550 oC for 60 minutes. The roasted product was then leached in water to form H2TiO3 solid and remove soluble impurities. The solid was further leached in HCl acid under different conditions: acid concentration (10 - 25 %), temperature (25 - 80 oC), time (45 - 90 minutes). The highest leaching efficiency of 97 % was achieved under the condition of 20 % acid concentration at a temperature of 60 oC for 60 minutes. At the end of the process, the leached solution was hydrolyzed at 100 oC, resulting in a precipitate that was calcined at 900 oC for 120 minutes, producing a product with 92 % TiO2.
本研究以钛铁矿精矿(含TiO2 80,48%;9、65% SiO2;4、84% ZrO2;1,36 % Fe2O3,…),采用熔碱法。在NaOH/ilmenite质量比(0.9 ~ 1.2)、反应温度500 ~ 650℃、反应时间60 min的条件下,对碱焙烧工艺进行了研究。实验结果表明,当NaOH/ilmenite比为1,1/1,0时,焙烧温度为550℃,焙烧60 min,焙烧效率最高,达到95%。焙烧后的产物在水中浸出,形成H2TiO3固体,去除可溶性杂质。在不同的酸浓度(10 ~ 25%)、温度(25 ~ 80℃)、时间(45 ~ 90分钟)下,将固体在HCl酸中进一步浸出。在酸浓度为20%、温度为60℃、浸出时间为60 min的条件下,浸出率最高可达97%。最后,将浸出液在100℃下水解,得到沉淀,900℃煅烧120分钟,得到TiO2含量为92%的产物。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced microhardness of Al – 5 wt.% TiC composite by alloying with Cu Cu合金化提高了Al - 5wt % TiC复合材料的显微硬度
Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.52923/vmfs.jstm.22023.106.02
Long Bui Duc, Thang Le Hong, Khanh Dang Quoc, Bang Le Thi, Dinh Le Cong
Alumium (Al) – based materials are highly demanded for automobiles, transportation, and aerospace etc. In this research, Al – based TiC composites were fabricated using powder metallurgy (P/M) technology from Al, Cu, and TiC powders with the compositions of Al – 5 wt.% TiC, and Al – 5 Cu/ 5wt.% TiC. The composite powders were well mixed and compacted using cold pressing technique with an applied pressure of 500 MPa. The compacted samples were sintered at 550 oC in Ar atmosphere for 1 h. The distribution of TiC particles in the Al matrix was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The phase formation of sintered composite was characterized using Xray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that TiC particles homogeneously distributed in the Al matrix. The density of Al -5 wt.%TiC and Al – 5 Cu/ 5 wt.%TiC composites achieved 96.7 and 98.0 % of theoretical density, respectively. The microhardness of pure Al increases from 27 HV to » 38 HV when reinforcing with 5 wt.% TiC, whilst that of the Al – 5TiC composite increase to » 55 Hv when alloying with 5 wt.% Cu.
铝基材料在汽车、交通运输、航空航天等领域的需求量很大。本研究采用粉末冶金(P/M)技术,以Al - 5wt. % TiC和Al - 5cu / 5wt的Al、Cu和TiC粉末为原料制备了Al基TiC复合材料。%抽搐。采用冷压技术,在500 MPa的压力下对复合粉末进行混合和压实。将压实后的试样在氩气气氛中550℃烧结1 h,用扫描电镜观察TiC颗粒在Al基体中的分布。利用x射线衍射(XRD)对烧结复合材料的相形成进行了表征。结果表明,TiC颗粒均匀分布在Al基体中。Al -5 wt.%TiC和Al -5 Cu/ 5 wt.%TiC复合材料的密度分别达到理论密度的96.7%和98.0%。纯Al的显微硬度在添加5 wt.%的TiC时由27 HV提高到»38 HV,而添加5 wt.%的Cu时,Al - 5TiC复合材料的显微硬度提高到»55 HV。
{"title":"Enhanced microhardness of Al – 5 wt.% TiC composite by alloying with Cu","authors":"Long Bui Duc, Thang Le Hong, Khanh Dang Quoc, Bang Le Thi, Dinh Le Cong","doi":"10.52923/vmfs.jstm.22023.106.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52923/vmfs.jstm.22023.106.02","url":null,"abstract":"Alumium (Al) – based materials are highly demanded for automobiles, transportation, and aerospace etc. In this research, Al – based TiC composites were fabricated using powder metallurgy (P/M) technology from Al, Cu, and TiC powders with the compositions of Al – 5 wt.% TiC, and Al – 5 Cu/ 5wt.% TiC. The composite powders were well mixed and compacted using cold pressing technique with an applied pressure of 500 MPa. The compacted samples were sintered at 550 oC in Ar atmosphere for 1 h. The distribution of TiC particles in the Al matrix was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The phase formation of sintered composite was characterized using Xray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that TiC particles homogeneously distributed in the Al matrix. The density of Al -5 wt.%TiC and Al – 5 Cu/ 5 wt.%TiC composites achieved 96.7 and 98.0 % of theoretical density, respectively. The microhardness of pure Al increases from 27 HV to » 38 HV when reinforcing with 5 wt.% TiC, whilst that of the Al – 5TiC composite increase to » 55 Hv when alloying with 5 wt.% Cu.","PeriodicalId":485321,"journal":{"name":"Tạp chí Khoa học Công nghệ Kim loại","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
https://www.jstmetal.com/2023/06/anh-huong-cua-nhiet-do-austenit-hoa-den-qua-trinh-tiet-pha-cacbit-thu-cap-cua-gang-trang-27-crom/ https://www.jstmetal.com/2023/06/anh-huong-cua-nhiet-do-austenit-hoa-den-qua-trinh-tiet-pha-cacbit-thu-cap-cua-gang-trang-27-crom/
Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.52923/vmfs.jstm.22023.106.01
Quyen Hoang Thi Ngoc, Khanh Pham Mai
A 27 wt. % Cr white cast iron has been subjected to various austenitization heat treatments. The transformation of the matrix phase as well as the precipitation of secondary carbides at the austenitization temperature have been clearly determined in this paper. The results showed that secondary carbides precipitated along the defect sites of the austenitic phase at 900 oC during the austenitization. They grew up within austenit matrix, and there exist some retained austenit. The amount and size of secondary carbides increase as the austenitization temperature rises to 1000 oC. At 1050 oC/3 h, the size of secondary carbides reduces significantly with a high distribution density in the matrix phase. Higher austenitization temperatures cause the matrix to become more stable and make it more difficult to produce secondary carbides, as well as increase the number of defects in the matrix. The microhardness of the austenit matrix is affected a lot by how many and how big the secondary carbide particles are. At 1050 oC/3 h, the micro-hardness is the highest one. When the temperature of austenitization goes above 1050 oC, the micro-hardness of the matrix reduces.
对27wt . % Cr白口铸铁进行了各种奥氏体化热处理。本文明确了在奥氏体化温度下基体相的转变和次生碳化物的析出。结果表明:在900℃奥氏体化过程中,次生碳化物沿奥氏体相缺陷部位析出;它们生长在奥氏体基体内,并存在一定量的残余奥氏体。当奥氏体化温度升高到1000℃时,二次碳化物的数量和尺寸增加。当温度为1050℃/3 h时,二次碳化物的尺寸明显减小,在基体相中分布密度较高。较高的奥氏体化温度使基体变得更加稳定,使得二次碳化物的产生更加困难,同时也增加了基体中缺陷的数量。二次碳化物颗粒的数量和大小对奥氏体基体的显微硬度有很大影响。在1050℃/3 h时,显微硬度最高。当奥氏体化温度高于1050℃时,基体显微硬度降低。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of gate cross-section area and vaccum pressure on mold filling in lost foam casting 消失模铸造中浇口截面面积和真空压力对充型的影响
Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.52923/vmfs.jstm.22023.106.03
Tan Ha Minh, Khanh Pham Mai, Hai Nguyen Hong
The lost foam casting process utilizes polymeric foam patterns to produce the metallic components. Foamed polymer patterns are coated with a refractory slury, dried and embedded in unbonded sand. Molten metal is poured directly on the coated polymer. The polymer is thermally decomposed and is gradually replaced by the liquid metal to create the casting after solidification. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is the most common pattern material used in commercial practice. In this paper, experiments are conducted to examine the filling of an aluminum alloy melt into the molds. The purpose is to observe some parameters such as the gate cross-section area, vaccum pressure, gas gap length, metal pouring temperature in lost foam casting of aluminum. The results indicate that the gate section, metal pouring temperature and vaccum pressure affect directly the mold-filling time.
消失模铸造工艺利用聚合物泡沫模式来生产金属部件。泡沫聚合物图案涂上一层耐火浆液,干燥后嵌入未粘结的沙子中。熔融金属直接倒在被涂覆的聚合物上。聚合物被热分解,凝固后逐渐被液态金属取代,形成铸件。膨胀聚苯乙烯(EPS)是商业实践中最常用的图案材料。本文对铝合金熔体充型进行了试验研究。目的是观察铝消失模铸造过程中浇口截面面积、真空压力、气隙长度、金属浇注温度等参数。结果表明,浇口截面、浇注温度和真空压力直接影响充型时间。
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Tạp chí Khoa học Công nghệ Kim loại
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