Khaled M. Al. Dahmani, Mohamed Suliman, Khadija Hafidh, S. Beshyah
Introduction The United Arab Emirates (UAE), among the rest of the Arab Gulf countries, exhibits a high prevalence of diabetes, primarily type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods We aimed to provide an overview of the epidemiology, complications, and quality of care, including the use of technology in diabetes care. Also, we wished to explore the challenges of diabetes management and future directions in clinical practice and research. This is a focused review of the literature of selected relevant themes to serve the above objectives of the work. Results Several epidemiological studies have documented the increased prevalence of diabetes in the native population and expatriates. The vast majority focused on T2D. The prevalence of diabetes in the UAE is estimated at 12.3% for the 20 to 79 age group. Although the high prevalence was recognized and acknowledged as a national priority, several challenges exist in standardizing care across the population. There are gaps in research about the nationwide prevalence of all forms of diabetes. Some research studies have evaluated the role of technology in diabetes care, genetic predilection to complications, and particular aspects such as diabetes during pregnancy, neonatal diabetes, monogenic diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in diabetes. UAE recently became a focal point for health-related Ramadan fasting research, including diabetes. Conclusions Diabetes in the UAE considerably burdens the health care system. A concerted effort is needed to adopt more uniformity of diabetes care and research nationwide. This should address the use of unified methods to document the nationwide burden, explore possible differences in various epidemiological phenomena, access to health care, and impact on outcomes, and evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of different models of care.
{"title":"Epidemiology, Technology, and Professional Perspectives on Diabetes in the United Arab Emirate: A Focused Review","authors":"Khaled M. Al. Dahmani, Mohamed Suliman, Khadija Hafidh, S. Beshyah","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1786013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1786013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction The United Arab Emirates (UAE), among the rest of the Arab Gulf countries, exhibits a high prevalence of diabetes, primarily type 2 diabetes (T2D).\u0000 Methods We aimed to provide an overview of the epidemiology, complications, and quality of care, including the use of technology in diabetes care. Also, we wished to explore the challenges of diabetes management and future directions in clinical practice and research. This is a focused review of the literature of selected relevant themes to serve the above objectives of the work.\u0000 Results Several epidemiological studies have documented the increased prevalence of diabetes in the native population and expatriates. The vast majority focused on T2D. The prevalence of diabetes in the UAE is estimated at 12.3% for the 20 to 79 age group. Although the high prevalence was recognized and acknowledged as a national priority, several challenges exist in standardizing care across the population. There are gaps in research about the nationwide prevalence of all forms of diabetes. Some research studies have evaluated the role of technology in diabetes care, genetic predilection to complications, and particular aspects such as diabetes during pregnancy, neonatal diabetes, monogenic diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in diabetes. UAE recently became a focal point for health-related Ramadan fasting research, including diabetes.\u0000 Conclusions Diabetes in the UAE considerably burdens the health care system. A concerted effort is needed to adopt more uniformity of diabetes care and research nationwide. This should address the use of unified methods to document the nationwide burden, explore possible differences in various epidemiological phenomena, access to health care, and impact on outcomes, and evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of different models of care.","PeriodicalId":486848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and endocrine practice","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140713607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Diabetes and Ramadan (DAR) International Alliance was created to coordinate the research work and align the expert opinion on the subject worldwide. DAR holds an annual conference for the early presentation of new studies, consensus statements, and clinical practice guidelines. This year’s conference was held virtually to attract a larger audience. The conference was held on the 12th and 13th of January 2024. This article presents the advance abstracts of the conference’s communications. The abstracts are grouped under themes to facilitate reading. In conclusion, diabetes remains the most extensively studied health impact of Ramadan fasting. Continued interest is evolving around the newer therapeutic agents and technologies.
{"title":"Abstracts of the Diabetes and Ramadan International Alliance (Virtual) Conference 2024, 12 to 13 January 2024","authors":"Mohamed Hassanein, B. Afandi","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1781437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1781437","url":null,"abstract":"The Diabetes and Ramadan (DAR) International Alliance was created to coordinate the research work and align the expert opinion on the subject worldwide. DAR holds an annual conference for the early presentation of new studies, consensus statements, and clinical practice guidelines. This year’s conference was held virtually to attract a larger audience. The conference was held on the 12th and 13th of January 2024. This article presents the advance abstracts of the conference’s communications. The abstracts are grouped under themes to facilitate reading. In conclusion, diabetes remains the most extensively studied health impact of Ramadan fasting. Continued interest is evolving around the newer therapeutic agents and technologies.","PeriodicalId":486848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and endocrine practice","volume":"3 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140715484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 12th Al Ain Annual Meeting on Diabetes and Endocrine Challenges during Ramadan Fasting brings together health care professionals, researchers, and experts to address the complex interaction between diabetes management and religious fasting. The program aims to enhance understanding, share best practices, and explore innovative strategies for optimizing patient care during Ramadan fasting through engaging presentations, symposia, and discussions.
{"title":"12th Al Ain Symposium on Challenges in Diabetes and Endocrinology during Ramadan (Virtual Meeting), February 16 to 17, 2024","authors":"J. A. Kaabi, B. Afandi","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1785495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1785495","url":null,"abstract":"The 12th Al Ain Annual Meeting on Diabetes and Endocrine Challenges during Ramadan Fasting brings together health care professionals, researchers, and experts to address the complex interaction between diabetes management and religious fasting. The program aims to enhance understanding, share best practices, and explore innovative strategies for optimizing patient care during Ramadan fasting through engaging presentations, symposia, and discussions.","PeriodicalId":486848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and endocrine practice","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140715433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hussam Abusahmin, E. Abdelgadir, Mohsen S. Eledrisi, Khadija Hafidh, S. Beshyah
Introduction We aimed to provide an overview of the global literature production on diabetes and Ramadan in the past year (2023). Materials and Methods This is a narrative, nonsystematic review of the international literature from two major medical online databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) in 2023. The search term “Diabetes AND Ramadan fasting” was used, and the relevant literature was narrated in a concise thematic account. Results The publications spanned a vast array of topics related to diabetes and Ramadan fasting (RF), including physiology and nutrition, risk assessment stratification tools and their validation, assessments of safety and efficacy profiles of older and newer diabetes therapies, diabetes education, use of advanced technology for the treatment, and monitoring and impact on pregnancy. Some reports covered the interaction between Ramadan and COVID-19 concerning diabetes, pregnancy, complications, and unique characteristics of diabetes and fasting by young and older people. Conclusion The current narration presents this year's global scholarly production on the safety of fasting practices, care models, and patients' experiences and perspectives.
{"title":"Diabetes and Ramadan Fasting (2023): The Year in Review","authors":"Hussam Abusahmin, E. Abdelgadir, Mohsen S. Eledrisi, Khadija Hafidh, S. Beshyah","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1782672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1782672","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction We aimed to provide an overview of the global literature production on diabetes and Ramadan in the past year (2023).\u0000 Materials and Methods This is a narrative, nonsystematic review of the international literature from two major medical online databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) in 2023. The search term “Diabetes AND Ramadan fasting” was used, and the relevant literature was narrated in a concise thematic account.\u0000 Results The publications spanned a vast array of topics related to diabetes and Ramadan fasting (RF), including physiology and nutrition, risk assessment stratification tools and their validation, assessments of safety and efficacy profiles of older and newer diabetes therapies, diabetes education, use of advanced technology for the treatment, and monitoring and impact on pregnancy. Some reports covered the interaction between Ramadan and COVID-19 concerning diabetes, pregnancy, complications, and unique characteristics of diabetes and fasting by young and older people.\u0000 Conclusion The current narration presents this year's global scholarly production on the safety of fasting practices, care models, and patients' experiences and perspectives.","PeriodicalId":486848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and endocrine practice","volume":"32 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140713257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction This review aims to systematically determine the effect of growth hormone (GH) therapy on adult height of children and adolescents with idiopathic short stature (ISS). Methods A systematic review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of GH therapy in children with ISS. Databases like ProQuest Central, journal @ Ovoid, EBSCOhost Medline Complete, Oxford University Press Journals, KB + JISC Collections Elsevier Science Direct Freedo, and BMJ, and cross-referencing of bibliographies were searched electronically. The randomized trials from 1989 to January 2023 were retrieved. Randomized trials with final adult height measurements and fit the inclusion criteria (height >2 standard deviation [SD] score below the mean with no comorbid conditions that would impair growth, peak growth hormone responses >10 μg/L, no previous history of GH therapy) were included in this review. The exclusion criteria are nonrandomized trials; trials include causes of short stature other than ISS, and studies include interventions other than GH and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRH-a). A structured approach to the critical appraisal program by Oxford was used to analyze and extract the data. Results The study reviewed 14 eligible randomized trials, which recruited 2,206 assessable children for analysis. Seven trials compared different GH doses, four trials compared GH therapy with controls, and three trials compared a combination of GH and GnRH therapy with GH alone. Apart from one study, the overall dropout rate was not high. The high percentage of boys was a potential source of heterogeneity between trials. The change in height (HT)-SD score was 1.06 ± 0.30 and 0.18 ± 0.27 with treatment and control children, respectively, and the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.001). The overall mean height gain was 5 cm (0.84 SD score) more in treated children. The height velocity was found to be decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in the second and third years of treatment in the GH + GnRH-a treated group from 7 cm/year during the first year of treatment to 5.4 cm during the second year and 4.9 cm/year during the third year. They also found that using a higher dose of GH at 9 mg/m2/week leads to approximately 7 cm mean final height gain; however, lower dose regimens are less effective. Conclusion Although the magnitude of the effectiveness of GH therapy is, on average, less than that achieved in other conditions for which GH is licensed, GH therapy seems to be effective in children with idiopathic short stature, and it reduces the deficit in height as adults. Moreover, the effect seems to be dose-dependent, with better results at high GH doses, and the response variability is seen in different individuals. The use of combined GH with GnRH therapy needs to be balanced with their side effects.
{"title":"A Systematic Review of the Impact of Growth Hormone Therapy on Final Adult Height of Children with Idiopathic Short Stature","authors":"Tawfik Muammar, Muna Alhasaeri","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1778678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1778678","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction This review aims to systematically determine the effect of growth hormone (GH) therapy on adult height of children and adolescents with idiopathic short stature (ISS).\u0000 Methods A systematic review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of GH therapy in children with ISS. Databases like ProQuest Central, journal @ Ovoid, EBSCOhost Medline Complete, Oxford University Press Journals, KB + JISC Collections Elsevier Science Direct Freedo, and BMJ, and cross-referencing of bibliographies were searched electronically. The randomized trials from 1989 to January 2023 were retrieved. Randomized trials with final adult height measurements and fit the inclusion criteria (height >2 standard deviation [SD] score below the mean with no comorbid conditions that would impair growth, peak growth hormone responses >10 μg/L, no previous history of GH therapy) were included in this review. The exclusion criteria are nonrandomized trials; trials include causes of short stature other than ISS, and studies include interventions other than GH and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRH-a). A structured approach to the critical appraisal program by Oxford was used to analyze and extract the data.\u0000 Results The study reviewed 14 eligible randomized trials, which recruited 2,206 assessable children for analysis. Seven trials compared different GH doses, four trials compared GH therapy with controls, and three trials compared a combination of GH and GnRH therapy with GH alone. Apart from one study, the overall dropout rate was not high. The high percentage of boys was a potential source of heterogeneity between trials. The change in height (HT)-SD score was 1.06 ± 0.30 and 0.18 ± 0.27 with treatment and control children, respectively, and the difference is statistically significant (p < 0.001). The overall mean height gain was 5 cm (0.84 SD score) more in treated children. The height velocity was found to be decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in the second and third years of treatment in the GH + GnRH-a treated group from 7 cm/year during the first year of treatment to 5.4 cm during the second year and 4.9 cm/year during the third year. They also found that using a higher dose of GH at 9 mg/m2/week leads to approximately 7 cm mean final height gain; however, lower dose regimens are less effective.\u0000 Conclusion Although the magnitude of the effectiveness of GH therapy is, on average, less than that achieved in other conditions for which GH is licensed, GH therapy seems to be effective in children with idiopathic short stature, and it reduces the deficit in height as adults. Moreover, the effect seems to be dose-dependent, with better results at high GH doses, and the response variability is seen in different individuals. The use of combined GH with GnRH therapy needs to be balanced with their side effects.","PeriodicalId":486848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and endocrine practice","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140526127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Injectable Therapies for Diabetes and Obesity: From Evolution to Revolution","authors":"Elamin Abdelghadir, Muhammad Houri, Aly B. Khalil","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1778117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1778117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":486848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and endocrine practice","volume":"189 5-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140516751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The New Year's Message","authors":"S. Beshyah","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1779468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1779468","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":486848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and endocrine practice","volume":"29 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140523836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
These are the advance abstracts of the free communications of the Fifth Libyan Diabetes Conference, December 28–30, 2023, Misrata, Libya. They are presented here to give them a wider audience. They mostly provide some insights into clinical practices and research in diabetes and endocrinology mostly from Libya. They are a blend of care reports, observational studies, and a few experimental exercises. We hope this conference abstracts paper helps document the current research interests in the country and stimulate communication between those with mutual research interests in and outside the country.
{"title":"Free Communications of the Fifth Libyan Diabetes Conference, December 28–30, 2023, Misrata, Libya","authors":"Faten BenRajab, Adela Eammami","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1778677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1778677","url":null,"abstract":"These are the advance abstracts of the free communications of the Fifth Libyan Diabetes Conference, December 28–30, 2023, Misrata, Libya. They are presented here to give them a wider audience. They mostly provide some insights into clinical practices and research in diabetes and endocrinology mostly from Libya. They are a blend of care reports, observational studies, and a few experimental exercises. We hope this conference abstracts paper helps document the current research interests in the country and stimulate communication between those with mutual research interests in and outside the country.","PeriodicalId":486848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and endocrine practice","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140521225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salem Al Ghaiti, Mazin Al-rudaini, Abdulrahman Alyamani, Ali Alreesi
Thyroid storm is an endocrine emergency with high mortality due to severe uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis, often associated with precipitating factors. The chance of survival will increase with early suspicion, prompt diagnosis, and immediate treatment. In this case report, we are presenting a 49-year-old female who came to the emergency department with acute pulmonary edema, agitation, severe tachycardia, high-grade fever with uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis. A diagnosis of thyroid storm was made. The patient presentation was following severe emotional stress after the passing of her mother-in-law. In the literature review, only a few cases reported as emotional stress induced thyroid storm, and we would like to present this life-threatening endocrine emergency.
{"title":"Emotional Stress-Induced Thyroid Storm","authors":"Salem Al Ghaiti, Mazin Al-rudaini, Abdulrahman Alyamani, Ali Alreesi","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1778107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1778107","url":null,"abstract":"Thyroid storm is an endocrine emergency with high mortality due to severe uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis, often associated with precipitating factors. The chance of survival will increase with early suspicion, prompt diagnosis, and immediate treatment. In this case report, we are presenting a 49-year-old female who came to the emergency department with acute pulmonary edema, agitation, severe tachycardia, high-grade fever with uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis. A diagnosis of thyroid storm was made. The patient presentation was following severe emotional stress after the passing of her mother-in-law. In the literature review, only a few cases reported as emotional stress induced thyroid storm, and we would like to present this life-threatening endocrine emergency.","PeriodicalId":486848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and endocrine practice","volume":"50 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140519191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background Tirzepatide is a novel dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) receptors agonist in management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this literature review is to comprehensively assess its clinical, biochemical, and safety profiles. Materials and Methods Search was conducted in several databases including PubMed from drug inception through end of 2022. Publications relevant to tirzepatide including randomized controlled trials, meta-analysis studies, post-hoc analyses, and conference proceedings were identified to examine its profile. Additional necessary references were explored and included as needed. Results Tirzepatide is a twincretin, acting on both GLP-1 and GIP receptors. Its performance in glycemic control and weight loss was greater than that of GLP-1 receptor agonist or insulin, comparatively. It demonstrated promising positive renal outcomes and was not associated with a higher cardiovascular risk, in addition to favorable effects on lipid, hepatic and blood pressure profiles. Most common adverse events were gastrointestinal side effects and hypoglycemia. Conclusion Novel dual GLP-1/GIP agonist Tirzepatide shows superior efficacy in glycemic control and weight loss in T2 diabetes mellitus patients. More evidence is needed to explore and compare long-term cardiovascular and renal outcomes reflecting real-world clinical practice.
{"title":"Dual GLP-1/GIP Agonist Tirzepatide for Diabetes and Obesity: A Review of the Evidence","authors":"Rahaf Wardeh, Tabarak Haamid Elbo Iswadi, Hind Alsharayri, Fauzia Rashid, Nada Alhashemi, Alaaeldin Bashier","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1775966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1775966","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Tirzepatide is a novel dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) receptors agonist in management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this literature review is to comprehensively assess its clinical, biochemical, and safety profiles. Materials and Methods Search was conducted in several databases including PubMed from drug inception through end of 2022. Publications relevant to tirzepatide including randomized controlled trials, meta-analysis studies, post-hoc analyses, and conference proceedings were identified to examine its profile. Additional necessary references were explored and included as needed. Results Tirzepatide is a twincretin, acting on both GLP-1 and GIP receptors. Its performance in glycemic control and weight loss was greater than that of GLP-1 receptor agonist or insulin, comparatively. It demonstrated promising positive renal outcomes and was not associated with a higher cardiovascular risk, in addition to favorable effects on lipid, hepatic and blood pressure profiles. Most common adverse events were gastrointestinal side effects and hypoglycemia. Conclusion Novel dual GLP-1/GIP agonist Tirzepatide shows superior efficacy in glycemic control and weight loss in T2 diabetes mellitus patients. More evidence is needed to explore and compare long-term cardiovascular and renal outcomes reflecting real-world clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":486848,"journal":{"name":"Journal of diabetes and endocrine practice","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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