Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.38104/vadyba.2023.2.03
Digitalization has a significant impact on the sovereignty of the state and its national security. In its turn, national security determines the measures and requirements that apply to the informatization of society and information security. The relationship between national security and digitalization means that one cannot talk about national security without taking into account the degree of digitalization of the country. The problems of digitalization of Ukraine has been researched by many authors. However, it takes on special significance now that national security is becoming especially important for the country. The purpose of the study is to estimate the state of digital development of Ukraine and the cyber threats that the country has experienced and formulate basic recommendations for the further digital development of Ukraine. The author examines the issue of digitalization from the point of view of strengthening Ukraine’s position on the world stage, and those dangerous moments of digitalization that may appear in the case of military aggression. The author analyzes various indicators of digitalization as well as the state’s contribution to the development of information and communication technologies. In particular, Ukraine improved its position according to the generalized indicator of the level of development of information and communication technologies NRI from 71st place in 2015 to 50th place in 2022. Calculations showed that in recent years the state did not allocate enough budget funds to the field of information and communication technologies. A different situation is observed for the private sector in 2019–2021 – the share of capital investments from internal sources of enterprises and organizations in the “Information and Telecommunications” section exceeds the average level of capital investments disbursed from such sources in the whole economy. The downside of digitalization is the increase in cyber attacks with the spread of information and communication technologies. The work examines those examples of cyber attacks that Ukraine has experienced since the beginning of Russian aggression. In the context of hostilities, Ukraine needs to increase the level of cyber protection, because the country is no t among the top ten countries in the world with the highest GCI score.
{"title":"DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AS A FACTOR OF NATIONAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE","authors":"","doi":"10.38104/vadyba.2023.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38104/vadyba.2023.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Digitalization has a significant impact on the sovereignty of the state and its national security. In its turn, national security determines the measures and requirements that apply to the informatization of society and information security. The relationship between national security and digitalization means that one cannot talk about national security without taking into account the degree of digitalization of the country. The problems of digitalization of Ukraine has been researched by many authors. However, it takes on special significance now that national security is becoming especially important for the country. The purpose of the study is to estimate the state of digital development of Ukraine and the cyber threats that the country has experienced and formulate basic recommendations for the further digital development of Ukraine. The author examines the issue of digitalization from the point of view of strengthening Ukraine’s position on the world stage, and those dangerous moments of digitalization that may appear in the case of military aggression. The author analyzes various indicators of digitalization as well as the state’s contribution to the development of information and communication technologies. In particular, Ukraine improved its position according to the generalized indicator of the level of development of information and communication technologies NRI from 71st place in 2015 to 50th place in 2022. Calculations showed that in recent years the state did not allocate enough budget funds to the field of information and communication technologies. A different situation is observed for the private sector in 2019–2021 – the share of capital investments from internal sources of enterprises and organizations in the “Information and Telecommunications” section exceeds the average level of capital investments disbursed from such sources in the whole economy. The downside of digitalization is the increase in cyber attacks with the spread of information and communication technologies. The work examines those examples of cyber attacks that Ukraine has experienced since the beginning of Russian aggression. In the context of hostilities, Ukraine needs to increase the level of cyber protection, because the country is no t among the top ten countries in the world with the highest GCI score.","PeriodicalId":486894,"journal":{"name":"Vadyba","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.38104/vadyba.2023.2.06
Investment in renewable energy sources is gradually becoming the most popular investment in the world. Sustainable investment is an encouraged solution because it does no harm to nature. The aim of the study is to find out whether richer or less rich countries invest more in renewable energy sources. The richer a country is and attracts more foreign investment, the faster its economy grows. If a country is less rich, attracts less foreign investment, its economy grows slower. We found that investment in the green economy is following this trend as well. Countries invest in the green economy because they want to be either completely energy independent or become less dependent on other countries. It is important for the country's economy not only to invest in other countries, but also to attract foreign investment in order to strengthen the domestic economy. The high level of the country's economy is indicated by direct investment in foreign states. Economic development depends on the kind of investment. Economic growth can be predicted based on investment. Investment increases the productive potential of the economy. Net investment shows the country's economic situation. The economy is growing if the amount of total investment exceeds depreciation. Investment is very beneficial and important for the development and growth of the country's economy. All investments, including green investment, improve and increase the development and growth of the country's economy. Through the generated gross domestic product, investment affects the country's economy. Economic growth depends on foreign and domestic investment. The main problem of investing in renewable resources is the cost of technology: the higher the price, the longer the payback period is. Therefore, economically stronger countries can invest more in renewable energy sources. Economically stronger countries with favourable climate conditions invest more in renewable energy sources, while economically weaker countries with poorer climate conditions invest less in them. Economic growth depends on foreign and domestic investment The richer a country is and attracts more foreign investment, the faster its economy grows. If a country is less rich, attracts less foreign investment, its economy grows slower.
{"title":"THE IMPORTANCE OF INVESTMENT FOR THE GREEN ECONOMY IN COUNTRIES AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT","authors":"","doi":"10.38104/vadyba.2023.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38104/vadyba.2023.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"Investment in renewable energy sources is gradually becoming the most popular investment in the world. Sustainable investment is an encouraged solution because it does no harm to nature. The aim of the study is to find out whether richer or less rich countries invest more in renewable energy sources. The richer a country is and attracts more foreign investment, the faster its economy grows. If a country is less rich, attracts less foreign investment, its economy grows slower. We found that investment in the green economy is following this trend as well. Countries invest in the green economy because they want to be either completely energy independent or become less dependent on other countries. It is important for the country's economy not only to invest in other countries, but also to attract foreign investment in order to strengthen the domestic economy. The high level of the country's economy is indicated by direct investment in foreign states. Economic development depends on the kind of investment. Economic growth can be predicted based on investment. Investment increases the productive potential of the economy. Net investment shows the country's economic situation. The economy is growing if the amount of total investment exceeds depreciation. Investment is very beneficial and important for the development and growth of the country's economy. All investments, including green investment, improve and increase the development and growth of the country's economy. Through the generated gross domestic product, investment affects the country's economy. Economic growth depends on foreign and domestic investment. The main problem of investing in renewable resources is the cost of technology: the higher the price, the longer the payback period is. Therefore, economically stronger countries can invest more in renewable energy sources. Economically stronger countries with favourable climate conditions invest more in renewable energy sources, while economically weaker countries with poorer climate conditions invest less in them. Economic growth depends on foreign and domestic investment The richer a country is and attracts more foreign investment, the faster its economy grows. If a country is less rich, attracts less foreign investment, its economy grows slower.","PeriodicalId":486894,"journal":{"name":"Vadyba","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135368621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.38104/vadyba.2023.2.07
Farm-to-school programs represent a global movement aimed at bolstering childhood nutrition, enhancing the quality of school meals, and empowering of local markets. However, these initiatives exhibit significant diversity in their implementation strategies across different countries and remain variably defined in both research and program evaluation literature. In the context of the Klaipeda region project, Farm-to-school programs could be conceptualized as initiatives centred around local or regional food procurement, alongside agriculture and nutrition-based educational endeavours. These activities would encompass the provision of locally sourced foods in schools, the facilitation of educational sessions, and the establishment of school gardens, all aimed at bridging the gap between educational institutions, local farmers, food producers, and distributors. The overarching goal is to integrate fresh, locally sourced food into both school cafeterias and curricula. The research findings, based on interviews conducted in the Klaipeda region with municipality specialists, shed light on the specific nuances of possible Farm-to-school program implementation in this region. Key takeaways from the responses include the commitment to regulatory compliance with Green Public Procurement rules, with a strong emphasis on sourcing food produced within Lithuania. Despite their dedication to supporting local agriculture and providing fresh, locally sourced food, these programmes grapple with challenges related to quantity, cost, administrative hurdles, and procurement policies. Decision-making processes are influenced by a diverse array of stakeholders, including municipal bodies and the broader community.
{"title":"PRECONDITIONS FOR THE \"FARM-TO-SCHOOL\" MODEL FROM STAKEHOLDERS' PERSPECTIVE: THE CASE OF KLAIPEDA REGION","authors":"","doi":"10.38104/vadyba.2023.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38104/vadyba.2023.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"Farm-to-school programs represent a global movement aimed at bolstering childhood nutrition, enhancing the quality of school meals, and empowering of local markets. However, these initiatives exhibit significant diversity in their implementation strategies across different countries and remain variably defined in both research and program evaluation literature. In the context of the Klaipeda region project, Farm-to-school programs could be conceptualized as initiatives centred around local or regional food procurement, alongside agriculture and nutrition-based educational endeavours. These activities would encompass the provision of locally sourced foods in schools, the facilitation of educational sessions, and the establishment of school gardens, all aimed at bridging the gap between educational institutions, local farmers, food producers, and distributors. The overarching goal is to integrate fresh, locally sourced food into both school cafeterias and curricula. The research findings, based on interviews conducted in the Klaipeda region with municipality specialists, shed light on the specific nuances of possible Farm-to-school program implementation in this region. Key takeaways from the responses include the commitment to regulatory compliance with Green Public Procurement rules, with a strong emphasis on sourcing food produced within Lithuania. Despite their dedication to supporting local agriculture and providing fresh, locally sourced food, these programmes grapple with challenges related to quantity, cost, administrative hurdles, and procurement policies. Decision-making processes are influenced by a diverse array of stakeholders, including municipal bodies and the broader community.","PeriodicalId":486894,"journal":{"name":"Vadyba","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.38104/vadyba.2023.2.12
The objective of this research project is to conduct a systematic review of the transition toward a circular economy within the European Union. The issue of unsustainability in the current global society is widely acknowledged within the European Union. This is attributed to the unequal distribution of benefits and costs related to resource utilization among member states of the European Union. The circular economy is acknowledged for its ability to efficiently address social and environmental issues. The transition from the existing linear economic model to a circular one has recently garnered increased attention from notable multinational corporations and influential stakeholders in attendance at the World Economic Forum. The establishment of circular economy models is crucial for promoting and enhancing the adoption of the circular economy. This research paper delves into the benefits of adopting a circular economy model in the context of industry, economy, and waste management. The development of design strategies for the circular economy is guided by a conceptual framework, and recommendations are subsequently provided in accordance with this framework.
{"title":"THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY TRANSITION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION","authors":"","doi":"10.38104/vadyba.2023.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38104/vadyba.2023.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research project is to conduct a systematic review of the transition toward a circular economy within the European Union. The issue of unsustainability in the current global society is widely acknowledged within the European Union. This is attributed to the unequal distribution of benefits and costs related to resource utilization among member states of the European Union. The circular economy is acknowledged for its ability to efficiently address social and environmental issues. The transition from the existing linear economic model to a circular one has recently garnered increased attention from notable multinational corporations and influential stakeholders in attendance at the World Economic Forum. The establishment of circular economy models is crucial for promoting and enhancing the adoption of the circular economy. This research paper delves into the benefits of adopting a circular economy model in the context of industry, economy, and waste management. The development of design strategies for the circular economy is guided by a conceptual framework, and recommendations are subsequently provided in accordance with this framework.","PeriodicalId":486894,"journal":{"name":"Vadyba","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.38104/vadyba.2023.1.07
In a world that is becoming more globalized, education is one of the top priorities for nations. Countries have started to invest more money into global education. Numerous short and long-term education and exchange arrangements are created with this aim. One of the most popular of these exchange agreements is the Erasmus+ Exchange Program. Based on this, the study sought to examine the causes, incentives, expectations, and experiences that led students participating in the Erasmus+ Exchange Program in Klaipėda, Lithuania, to participate in Erasmus as well as the benefits of Erasmus to students. The study used a qualitative research methodology, and the semi-structured interviewing approach was utilized to gather data. Comparative analysis and content analysis were used for the gathered data. The analyses conducted revealed that most of the expectations of the Erasmusparticipating students were similar. For example, traveling in Europe, socializing, experiencing a different educational system, and language development. Additionally, it has been observed that Erasmus affects students in both positive and negative ways. It has been observed that these effects are within the framework of personal development, education, socialization, language development, and cultural experience. Students who enrol in Erasmus with similar goals and expectations may experience the program in quite diverse ways from one another. It has been noted that most students choose the country for Erasmus, particularly considering economic considerations, and it has been emphasized that in some cases their economic predictions may not come true.
{"title":"ERASMUS DEVELOPMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF STUDENTS: THE CASE OF KLAIPĖDA CITY","authors":"","doi":"10.38104/vadyba.2023.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38104/vadyba.2023.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"In a world that is becoming more globalized, education is one of the top priorities for nations. Countries have started to invest more money into global education. Numerous short and long-term education and exchange arrangements are created with this aim. One of the most popular of these exchange agreements is the Erasmus+ Exchange Program. Based on this, the study sought to examine the causes, incentives, expectations, and experiences that led students participating in the Erasmus+ Exchange Program in Klaipėda, Lithuania, to participate in Erasmus as well as the benefits of Erasmus to students. The study used a qualitative research methodology, and the semi-structured interviewing approach was utilized to gather data. Comparative analysis and content analysis were used for the gathered data. The analyses conducted revealed that most of the expectations of the Erasmusparticipating students were similar. For example, traveling in Europe, socializing, experiencing a different educational system, and language development. Additionally, it has been observed that Erasmus affects students in both positive and negative ways. It has been observed that these effects are within the framework of personal development, education, socialization, language development, and cultural experience. Students who enrol in Erasmus with similar goals and expectations may experience the program in quite diverse ways from one another. It has been noted that most students choose the country for Erasmus, particularly considering economic considerations, and it has been emphasized that in some cases their economic predictions may not come true.","PeriodicalId":486894,"journal":{"name":"Vadyba","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136170656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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