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Occupancy, movement, and behaviour of namew (lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens) in an intact river in Canada 加拿大一条完整河流中湖鲟鱼(Acipenser fulvescens)的栖息、移动和行为
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.3354/esr01325
Claire E. Farrell, Jennifer Simard, Stan Louttit, F. Meg Southee, Liset Cruz-Font, Daniel P. Struthers, Jacob L. Seguin, Constance M. O’Connor
ABSTRACT: Most sturgeon populations are imperilled and living in fragmented rivers. Here, we studied namew (lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens), fish important to Ililiwak (Moose Cree Peoples), in the North French River: a free-flowing, intact river in Kit Aski Nahnuun (the Moose Cree Homeland) in northern Ontario, Canada. This study was co-created alongside members of Moose Cree First Nation and used acoustic telemetry to passively track 20 tagged namew over 6 yr (2016-2022). Namew occupied the entire monitored river reach: about 45 km. Namew used 2 overwintering areas and occupied more overall river sections during spring and summer (out of 6 total seasons often used by Ililiwak). We did not detect namew moving upstream or downstream during freeze-up and winter. Generally, namew showed the greatest acceleration and travelled the longest distances during spring and summer, and they occupied shallower water during summer at lower water levels and deepest waters during freeze-up. We found an interaction between season and diurnal period, where namew occupied shallower depths and had higher acceleration at dawn and night relative to morning and afternoon in most seasons; dusk behaviour was variable among seasons. However, this pattern was absent in spring, when namew showed no diurnal pattern in acceleration and were in shallower water during morning and afternoon. Diurnal patterns were less pronounced, but detectable, during ice-affected seasons. This river provides year-round habitat for namew, and our data reveal distinct patterns of namew occupancy, movement, and behaviour in a free-flowing, intact river. Our work is an example of successfully co-creating research that addresses both scientific and community priorities.
摘要:大多数鲟鱼种群濒临灭绝,生活在支离破碎的河流中。在这里,我们对加拿大安大略省北部基特阿斯基纳努恩(穆斯克里人的故乡)的北法国河中对伊利里瓦克人(穆斯克里人)非常重要的鱼类--namew(湖鲟 Acipenser fulvescens)进行了研究。这项研究是与穆斯克里第一民族的成员共同创建的,使用声学遥测技术对 20 只被标记的 "Namew "进行了为期 6 年(2016-2022 年)的被动追踪。Namew占据了整个监测河段:约45公里。蝾螈使用了 2 个越冬区域,并在春季和夏季(伊利里瓦克经常使用的总共 6 个季节中)占据了更多的总体河段。在冰冻期和冬季,我们没有发现 "namw "向上游或下游移动。一般来说,蝾螈在春季和夏季的加速度最大、移动距离最远,它们在夏季水位较低时占据较浅的水域,而在结冰期占据最深的水域。我们发现,季节与昼夜周期之间存在交互作用,在大多数季节中,裸鲤在黎明和夜间占据的水深较浅,加速度相对于上午和下午更高;黄昏时的行为在不同季节有所不同。然而,这种模式在春季并不存在,因为在春季,裸鲤的加速度没有昼夜模式,并且在上午和下午都在较浅的水域中。在受冰雪影响的季节,昼夜模式不太明显,但也能探测到。这条河流全年都能为裸鲤提供栖息地,我们的数据揭示了裸鲤在自由流动的完整河流中的栖息、移动和行为模式。我们的工作是成功开展共同研究的范例,既解决了科学问题,又解决了社区的优先事项。
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引用次数: 0
Density estimation of the globally threatened fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus through a participatory science approach in the Chilika lagoon, eastern India 通过参与式科学方法对印度东部奇利卡泻湖中受全球威胁的渔猫 Prionailurus viverrinus 的密度进行估计
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI: 10.3354/esr01322
Tiasa Adhya, Soumya Banerjee, Partha Dey, Susanta Nanda, Soumyadip Santra, Iptishamun Nesha
ABSTRACT: The fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus is an Indo-Malayan wetland-dependent felid which is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. Its main prey, fish, has low energetic demands and is abundant in productive aquatic habitats. This facilitates high piscivore densities and potentially alters expected scaling patterns that link population density to the body mass of small cats. With local community participation, we estimated the density of the fishing cat in Chilika, Asia’s largest brackish water lagoon, located in the state of Odisha, eastern India, with community participation. The study was carried out in 2 phases in different habitats during 2021 and 2022: a homogeneous marshy habitat and its buffer (Northern Block), and a heterogeneous matrix of different land-use types (Southern Block). We deployed a total of 144 camera traps across 4380 trap nights. Using spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR), we estimated mean (±SE) fishing cat density to be 0.69 ± 0.1 ind. km-2 in the Northern Block and 0.67 ± 0.33 ind. km-2 in the Southern Block. The population abundance estimates for the Northern and the Southern Blocks were 159 ± 23 and 185 ± 91 respectively. In the former, SECR modelling indicated an effect of anthropogenic habitat modification upon the species’ home range extent. Our density estimates are amongst the highest reported for the species outside protected areas. The results imply that Chilika holds an abundant population of the fishing cat, the continued persistence of which requires mitigation of local and external threats to fish populations. Furthermore, our study, with its inclusive approach, sets a precedent for the use of camera trapping for obtaining robust density estimates of species with uniquely marked individuals in wetland habitats.
摘要:渔猫(Prionailurus viverrinus)是一种依赖印度-马拉亚湿地的猫科动物,在世界自然保护联盟红色名录中被列为易危物种。它的主要猎物鱼类对能量的需求很低,而且在富饶的水生栖息地中数量很多。这有利于提高食鱼动物的密度,并有可能改变将种群密度与小型猫科动物体重联系起来的预期比例模式。在当地社区的参与下,我们估算了位于印度东部奥迪沙邦的亚洲最大咸水湖奇利卡的渔猫密度。这项研究在 2021 年和 2022 年期间分两个阶段在不同的栖息地进行:一个是同质的沼泽栖息地及其缓冲区(北部区块),另一个是不同土地利用类型的异质矩阵(南部区块)。我们共布设了 144 个照相陷阱,历时 4380 个陷阱夜。利用空间明确捕获-再捕获(SECR)技术,我们估计北部区块的平均(±SE)渔猫密度为 0.69 ± 0.1 ind. km-2,南部区块为 0.67 ± 0.33 ind. km-2。北部区块和南部区块的种群丰度估计值分别为 159 ± 23 和 185 ± 91。在前者,SECR建模表明人为生境改变对该物种的家园范围产生了影响。我们的密度估计值是该物种在保护区外的最高估计值之一。研究结果表明,奇利卡拥有丰富的渔猫种群,要使其继续生存下去,就必须缓解当地和外部对鱼类种群的威胁。此外,我们的研究采用了包容性的方法,为使用相机诱捕法获得湿地栖息地中具有独特标记个体的物种的可靠密度估计值开创了先例。
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引用次数: 0
Endocrine data provide further evidence of physiologic derangement in sea turtles affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill 内分泌数据进一步证明,受深水地平线漏油事件影响的海龟出现了生理失调
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.3354/esr01323
Charles J. Innis, Katherine M. Graham, Nicole I. Stacy, Brian A. Stacy, Elizabeth A. Burgess
ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to characterize the adrenocortical and thyroid status of Kemp’s ridley sea turtles Lepidochelys kempii that were affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. A plasma aldosterone assay was validated for L. kempii, and it was used along with previously validated assays for corticosterone and free thyroxine to assess hormone concentrations of 30 L. kempii that were hospitalized due to oil exposure, representing 2 severities of oiling (lightly or heavily oiled). Hormone concentrations were also assessed in relation to 8 clinical biochemical analytes. Analysis of paired samples indicated that oiled turtles had significantly higher initial aldosterone and corticosterone concentrations, which declined during convalescence (average 96 and 90% decrease, respectively). Thyroxine concentrations significantly increased between admission and convalescence (average 65% increase). Initial biochemical data indicated significantly higher plasma potassium, ionized magnesium, and lactate concentrations compared to convalescent values. Aldosterone concentrations were positively correlated with corticosterone, negatively correlated with free thyroxine, and variably correlated with several clinical biochemical analytes. Results of this study indicate that L. kempii had robust adrenocortical activity after oiling, capture, and transport to the hospital, regardless of the degree of oiling, resulting in very high plasma concentrations of aldosterone and corticosterone. This study also confirms that aldosterone can be reliably measured in sea turtle plasma samples, providing another diagnostic tool for the physiologic assessment of this Critically Endangered species.
摘要:本研究旨在描述受深水地平线漏油事件影响的坎普脊海龟(Lepidochelys kempii)的肾上腺皮质和甲状腺状况。针对 L. kempii 的血浆醛固酮检测方法已通过验证,该方法与之前通过验证的皮质酮和游离甲状腺素检测方法一起用于评估 30 只因接触油类而住院的 L. kempii 的激素浓度,这 30 只海龟代表了两种严重程度的油污(轻度油污或重度油污)。还结合 8 种临床生化分析物评估了激素浓度。对配对样本的分析表明,油龟的初始醛固酮和皮质酮浓度明显较高,但在康复期间有所下降(平均降幅分别为 96% 和 90%)。甲状腺素浓度在入院和康复期间明显增加(平均增加 65%)。最初的生化数据显示,血浆钾、离子镁和乳酸浓度明显高于康复值。醛固酮浓度与皮质酮呈正相关,与游离甲状腺素呈负相关,与几种临床生化分析指标呈不同程度的相关。本研究结果表明,无论涂油程度如何,在涂油、捕获和运送到医院后,L. kempii 的肾上腺皮质活性都很强,导致血浆中的醛固酮和皮质酮浓度非常高。这项研究还证实,可以在海龟血浆样本中可靠地测量醛固酮,为这一极度濒危物种的生理评估提供了另一种诊断工具。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the efficacy of ecological reserves: killer whale beach rubbing behaviour and vessel disturbance 评估生态保护区的功效:虎鲸的海滩摩擦行为和船只干扰
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.3354/esr01317
Christine M. Konrad Clarke, Eva Stredulinsky, Scott Toews, Varsha Rani, Madeleine Bouvier-Brown, Dylan Smyth, Ruth Joy, Sheila J. Thornton
ABSTRACT: Area-based protection is an important tool for safeguarding key habitat. Reserves that focus on mitigation of specific threats are particularly effective and are more likely to support a measurable outcome. In the marine environment, reserves that limit vessel presence have the potential to reduce disturbance to marine mammals. However, assessing the efficacy of reserves has been an ongoing challenge. Physical and acoustic disturbance from vessels is recognized as a primary threat to recovery for the northern resident killer whale (NRKW) population in Canadian Pacific waters. The Robson Bight Michael Bigg Ecological Reserve (RBMBER) was developed to support the behaviour of beach rubbing, a culturally distinct and traditionally important activity. Beach rubbing provides a rare opportunity to quantify vessel disturbance of a behaviour associated with a fixed geographic location, identifiable by visual cues, and verifiable acoustically. Observations on vessel presence, NRKW rubbing frequency, and duration were collected from a beach inside the reserve and compared to a beach in proximity to, but outside of, the RBMBER. In 2019-2022, vessel counts near the RBMBER beach were significantly lower than near the unprotected beach, and overall, rubbing occurred more frequently inside the reserve (78% of visits) than outside (35%). However, outside the reserve, concurrent vessel presence did not predict the occurrence of rubbing activity, indicating that vessel presence may negatively affect beach rubbing through long-term learned avoidance of frequently impacted areas.
摘要:以区域为基础的保护是保护关键栖息地的重要工具。以减轻特定威胁为重点的保护区尤其有效,而且更有可能取得可衡量的成果。在海洋环境中,限制船只存在的保护区有可能减少对海洋哺乳动物的干扰。然而,评估保护区的功效一直是个挑战。在加拿大太平洋水域,来自船只的物理和声学干扰被认为是北居虎鲸(NRKW)种群恢复的主要威胁。罗布森湾迈克尔-比格生态保护区(RBMBER)的建立是为了支持海滩摩擦行为,这是一种具有独特文化传统的重要活动。海滩摩擦提供了一个难得的机会,可以量化船只对与固定地理位置相关、可通过视觉线索识别并可通过声学验证的行为的干扰。我们从保护区内的海滩收集了有关船只存在、NRKW 摩擦频率和持续时间的观测数据,并将其与 RBMBER 附近但不在保护区内的海滩进行了比较。2019-2022 年,RBMBER 海滩附近的船只数量明显低于未受保护的海滩附近,总体而言,在保护区内(78% 的访问次数)发生摩擦的频率高于保护区外(35%)。然而,在保护区外,同时出现的船只并不能预测摩擦活动的发生,这表明船只的存在可能会通过长期学习避开经常受影响的区域而对海滩摩擦产生负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Expanding the known range and practical conservation issues of the Endangered Australian brook lamprey Mordacia praecox 扩大濒危澳大利亚溪灯鱼(Mordacia praecox)的已知分布范围和实际保护问题
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.3354/esr01319
Luke Carpenter-Bundhoo, David B. Moffatt
ABSTRACT: Parasitic and non-parasitic lamprey ‘species pairs’ are an ongoing source of taxonomic uncertainty globally. The geographic range of the only non-parasitic lamprey in the Southern Hemisphere, the Endangered Australian brook lamprey Mordacia praecox, has remained ambiguous since its description in 1968. The conservation of this species is complex as it is presently genetically and, for most of its lifecycle, morphologically indistinguishable from its parasitic paired species, short-headed lamprey M. mordax, the conservation status of which is Least Concern. Difficulty in their identification, coupled with their cryptic behaviour, has resulted in limited knowledge of the species’ ecology and distribution. This is further complicated by the sympatric geographic ranges of the paired species. Using incidental captures, targeted surveys, and open-access wildlife information database records, we describe the discovery and confirmation of lamprey populations from tropical and sub-tropical Australia and the associated ∼1400 km (5-fold) northward extension of the known geographic range of Australian brook lamprey. Surveys yielded non-parasitic lampreys of all life-history stages across 6 tropical and sub-tropical coastal watersheds of eastern Australia. We also highlight major issues associated with the conservation of a cryptic and poorly understood species and discuss potential conservation actions that may, at least in part, ameliorate such issues.
摘要:寄生和非寄生灯鱼 "物种对 "是全球范围内分类不确定性的持续来源。南半球唯一的非寄生性灯鱼--濒危澳大利亚溪灯鱼(Mordacia praecox),自 1968 年被描述以来,其地理范围一直模糊不清。该物种的保护工作十分复杂,因为它目前在遗传学上,而且在其生命周期的大部分时间里,在形态上都无法与其寄生配对物种短头灯鱼(Mordax)区分开来,后者的保护状况为最不关注。由于难以识别,加上其行为隐秘,人们对该物种的生态学和分布情况知之甚少。这对物种的同域分布使情况更加复杂。我们利用偶然捕获、有针对性的调查和公开访问的野生动物信息数据库记录,描述了在澳大利亚热带和亚热带地区发现和确认的溪鳗种群,以及澳大利亚溪鳗已知地理范围向北延伸的1400公里(5倍)。在澳大利亚东部 6 个热带和亚热带沿海流域的调查中,我们发现了所有生活史阶段的非寄生性灯鱼。我们还强调了与保护这种隐蔽且鲜为人知的物种相关的主要问题,并讨论了可能采取的保护措施,这些措施至少可以部分改善这些问题。
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引用次数: 0
From the sky and on the beaches: complementary tools to evaluate common dolphin bycatch in the Bay of Biscay 从天空和海滩:评估比斯开湾普通海豚误捕情况的补充工具
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.3354/esr01310
Hélène Peltier, Sophie Laran, Willy Dabin, Pierre Daniel, Cécile Dars, Fabien Demaret, Ghislain Doremus, Mathieu Genu, Eléonore Meheust, Jérôme Spitz, Olivier Van Canneyt, Vincent Ridoux
ABSTRACT: Since 1989, multiple stranding events of common dolphins have been regularly recorded along the French Atlantic coast. Examination of the carcasses revealed that most animals presented evidence of bycatch. Using stranding data to infer bycatch levels reveals the highest levels of bycatch to have been recorded since 2016 (4000 to 9000 bycaught individuals). This approach is directly influenced by drift conditions, which can greatly contribute to or hinder our ability to estimate bycatch at sea. In the winter of 2021/2022, the French stranding network recorded an unusually high number of strandings until mid-February and few records in March. Investigation of drift conditions revealed low probability of stranding in March due to constant east-west winds. Reverse drift modelling of carcasses stranded in January and February resulted in an estimate of 3670 (95% CI [2750; 5170]) bycaught common dolphins. Dedicated aerial surveys were conducted in the same area during this period, designed to assess abundance and distribution of marine megafauna in French waters. A high number of carcasses of small Delphininae were observed in March 2021, and the number of carcasses floating at sea could be estimated using conventional distance sampling methodology. In March 2021, mortality at sea was thus estimated at 3250 (95% CI [1288;10198]) common dolphins. The complementary use of both methodologies resulted in an estimate of 6920 (95%CI [4038;15368]) bycaught individuals during winter 2021/2022. This case study highlights that a decrease in strandings does not imply a decrease in mortality at sea. Trends in strandings need to be considered in the light of scientific evidence to avoid delays in decision making.
ABSTRACT: 自 1989 年以来,法国大西洋沿岸定期发生多起普通海豚搁浅事件。对尸体的检查显示,大多数动物都有误捕的迹象。利用搁浅数据推断副渔获物水平显示,2016 年以来记录的副渔获物水平最高(4000 至 9000 只副渔获物)。这种方法受到漂流条件的直接影响,漂流条件会极大地促进或阻碍我们估计海上混获量的能力。在 2021/2022 年冬季,法国搁浅网络在二月中旬之前记录的搁浅数量异常高,而在三月份记录的搁浅数量很少。对漂流条件的调查显示,由于持续的东西风,三月份搁浅的概率很低。通过对 1 月和 2 月搁浅的海豚尸体进行反向漂移模拟,估计有 3670 头(95% CI [2750; 5170])被误捕的普通海豚。在此期间,在同一地区进行了专门的航空调查,旨在评估法国水域海洋巨型动物的数量和分布情况。2021 年 3 月,观察到大量小型海豚科动物的尸体,利用传统的距离取样方法可以估算出漂浮在海上的尸体数量。因此,估计 2021 年 3 月普通海豚的海上死亡率为 3250(95% CI [1288;10198])头。通过两种方法的互补使用,估算出2021/2022年冬季被捕获的个体数量为6920头(95%CI [4038;15368])。该案例研究强调,搁浅的减少并不意味着海上死亡率的降低。需要根据科学证据考虑搁浅趋势,以避免决策延误。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental DNA mitochondrial markers to assess potential occupancy of Endangered Yaqui catfish in the Yaqui River basin, Mexico 通过环境 DNA 线粒体标记评估墨西哥雅基河流域濒危雅基鲶鱼的潜在栖息地
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.3354/esr01320
David R. Stewart, Thomas Hafen, Dean A. Hendrickson, Andrew T. Taylor, Alejandro Varela-Romero, Daniel H. Mason, Joseph C. Dysthe, Thomas W. Franklin, Michael K. Young, Kevin S. McKelvey, Michael K. Schwartz, James M. Long
ABSTRACT: Acquiring data on rare and threatened species can be challenging, particularly in remote areas. Environmental DNA (eDNA) offers a less effort-intensive method for detecting species compared to physical fish sampling methods. In our study, we focused on the Endangered Yaqui catfish Ictalurus pricei, a freshwater fish endemic to the Sonoran desert in Arizona, USA, and Sonora, Mexico, and the non-native channel catfish I. punctatus. We developed and employed mitochondrial eDNA markers to sample 35 locations in the Yaqui River basin in Mexico and employed a hierarchical Bayesian formulation of a co-occurrence model to investigate the interactions between the species while accounting for the effects of covariates on species occupancy and detection. Our best model included the influence of channel catfish mitochondrial eDNA on detecting Yaqui catfish mitochondrial eDNA, and we found that channel catfish mitochondrial eDNA detection was negatively related with water temperature and elevation but positively related to substrate size. Yaqui catfish occupancy, as determined with mitochondrial eDNA detection, was best explained by stream permanence and the presence of forested areas, while channel catfish mitochondrial eDNA occurrences were also associated with stream permanence, as well as conifer and shrub-dominated landscapes. Non-native channel catfish mitochondrial eDNA was found in all but 5 locations where Yaqui catfish mitochondrial eDNA was detected, indicating a high likelihood of interaction and hybridization. This potential for hybridization poses a significant threat to the already Endangered Yaqui catfish, emphasizing the need to protect and secure remaining populations for their long-term survival.
摘要:获取稀有和受威胁物种的数据具有挑战性,尤其是在偏远地区。与物理鱼类取样方法相比,环境 DNA(eDNA)是一种耗费精力较少的物种检测方法。在我们的研究中,我们重点研究了濒危的雅基鲶鱼 Ictalurus pricei(一种美国亚利桑那州和墨西哥索诺拉州索诺兰沙漠特有的淡水鱼)和非本地的沟鲶鱼 I. punctatus。我们开发并利用线粒体 eDNA 标记对墨西哥雅基河流域的 35 个地点进行了采样,并采用分层贝叶斯共同出现模型来研究物种之间的相互作用,同时考虑协变量对物种占据和检测的影响。我们的最佳模型包括河沟鲶线粒体 eDNA 对检测到雅奎鲶线粒体 eDNA 的影响,我们发现河沟鲶线粒体 eDNA 的检测与水温和海拔呈负相关,但与底质大小呈正相关。根据线粒体 eDNA 的检测结果,溪流的永久性和林区的存在最能解释雅基鲶鱼的栖息情况,而沟渠鲶鱼线粒体 eDNA 的出现也与溪流的永久性以及针叶树和灌木为主的地貌有关。除了 5 个检测到雅奎鲶鱼线粒体 eDNA 的地点外,在其他所有地点都发现了非本地的河沟鲶鱼线粒体 eDNA,这表明存在相互作用和杂交的可能性很大。这种杂交的可能性对已经濒临灭绝的雅基鲶构成了重大威胁,强调了保护和确保剩余种群长期生存的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Past and present sawfish (Pristidae) records from India 印度过去和现在的锯鳐(Pristidae)记录
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.3354/esr01318
Zoya Tyabji, Rima W. Jabado, K. V. Akhilesh, Shoba Joe Kizhakudan, M. Aaron MacNeil
ABSTRACT: Overfishing, as well as habitat loss and degradation, has led to major population declines and local extinctions of sawfishes (Pristidae) globally. Four sawfish species reportedly occur in India; however, records have been limited to opportunistic commercial catch and landing reports. Here, we provide the first comprehensive review of published and grey literature on sawfish records from India, including opportunistic observations of sawfish rostra offerings to religious places, highlighting the cultural significance of these species locally. In total, 223 recorded capture events were compiled between 1794 and 2022, with largetooth sawfish Pristis pristis (n = 82), followed by narrow sawfish Anoxypristis cuspidata (n = 32), being the dominant species reported. In addition to marine fisheries, 8 reports of sawfish were reported from freshwater systems. The wide range of rostra sizes and total lengths recorded also suggests that India’s waters harbour various life history stages of sawfish. When caught, sawfish livers were utilised to produce oil, meat was locally consumed, and fins were exported. Despite being legally protected in India since 2001, 63 incidental captures were recorded from landings, suggesting various levels of awareness and enforcement of catch bans across the country. To avoid extinction of these species in India, we emphasise the need to conduct culturally associated awareness programs with coastal communities, encourage safe release and improve handling practices with fishers, identify critical habitats, and strengthen enforcement for mandatory live release.
摘要:过度捕捞以及栖息地丧失和退化已导致全球锯缘鱼(Pristidae)种群数量大幅下降和局部灭绝。据报道,印度有四种锯缘鱼,但记录仅限于机会性商业捕捞和上岸报告。在此,我们首次全面回顾了有关印度锯缘鱼记录的已发表文献和灰色文献,包括在宗教场所偶然观察到的锯缘鱼rostra供品,强调了这些物种在当地的文化意义。在1794年至2022年期间,总共记录了223起捕获事件,报告的主要鱼种是大牙锯鲉(Pristis pristis,n = 82),其次是窄锯鲉(Anoxypristis cuspidata,n = 32)。除海洋渔业外,淡水系统也报告了 8 条锯齿鱼。所记录的锯缘鱼大小和总长度范围广泛,这也表明印度水域蕴藏着不同生活史阶段的锯缘鱼。捕获锯缘鱼后,锯缘鱼的肝脏被用来制油,鱼肉在当地食用,鱼鳍则用于出口。尽管自 2001 年以来锯缘鱼在印度受到法律保护,但仍有 63 次上岸意外捕获的记录,这表明全国各地对禁止捕获的认识和执行程度各不相同。为了避免这些物种在印度灭绝,我们强调有必要与沿海社区开展文化相关的宣传计划,鼓励安全放生并改进渔民的处理方法,确定关键栖息地,并加强强制活体放生的执法力度。
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引用次数: 0
Current water pollution status at an important wintering site of the black-faced spoonbill Platalea minor in Xinghua Bay, south China 中国南方兴化湾黑脸琵鹭重要越冬地的水污染现状
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.3354/esr01307
Ru Jia, Guogang Zhang, Zeyu Yang, Xi Yu
ABSTRACT: Xinghua Bay is one of the largest wintering sites of the black-faced spoonbill Platalea minor in mainland China. The ecosystem of Xinghua Bay has shown a deteriorating trend with the increasing pressure of economic development in recent decades. To understand the current conservation status of the wintering spoonbills in Xinghua Bay, we collected water samples along the coast of Xinghua Bay and important spoonbill habitats during the wintering period to analyze the pollution degree of 7 target heavy metals and organics. The Nemerow pollution index (NPI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and contamination degree (CD) were used to assess the heavy metal pollution levels. The ecological risk index of a target heavy metal (Efi) and potential ecological risk index of all target heavy metals (RI) were used to assess the ecological risk of heavy metals levels in Xinghua Bay. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to determine the sources of heavy metals in coastal waters with the EPA PMF5.0 model. The results showed that there was moderate to very heavy pollution by heavy metals and moderate associated ecological risks in Xinghua Bay, in which Hg and Cd were the major heavy metal pollution sources, and the level of organic pollution was of serious concern. The use of fertilizers for cultured shellfish and aquaculture in and around the bay were the major cause of the excessive nitrogen and phosphorus levels, and factories surrounding Xinghua Bay were the major sources of heavy metals and organic pollution. We propose conservation measures to increase black-faced spoonbill population and enhance its habitats.
摘要:兴化湾是黑脸琵鹭在中国大陆最大的越冬地之一。近几十年来,随着经济发展压力的不断增大,兴化湾的生态系统呈现出不断恶化的趋势。为了解兴化湾越冬琵鹭的保护现状,我们采集了兴化湾沿岸及越冬期间琵鹭重要栖息地的水样,分析了7种目标重金属和有机物的污染程度。采用尼莫洛污染指数(NPI)、重金属污染指数(HPI)和污染度(CD)评估重金属污染程度。采用目标重金属生态风险指数(Efi)和所有目标重金属潜在生态风险指数(RI)评估兴化湾重金属污染水平的生态风险。利用美国环保署 PMF5.0 模型,采用正矩阵因子法(PMF)确定近岸海域重金属的来源。结果表明,兴化湾存在中度到极重度重金属污染和中度相关生态风险,其中汞和镉是主要的重金属污染源,有机污染程度严重。湾内及周边贝类养殖和水产养殖使用化肥是造成氮磷超标的主要原因,兴化湾周边工厂是重金属和有机污染的主要来源。我们提出了增加黑脸琵鹭数量和改善其栖息地的保护措施。
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引用次数: 0
Status and conservation implications of a newly discovered large-antlered muntjac population in Cambodia 柬埔寨新发现的大羚羊种群的现状和保护意义
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.3354/esr01316
Pablo Sinovas, Ioannis Alexiou, Oliver Roberts, Jeremy Holden, Nasak Chantha, Andrew Tilker
ABSTRACT: The large-antlered muntjac Muntiacus vuquangensis, a Critically Endangered deer found only in the Annamites ecoregion (Vietnam, Laos, and northeastern Cambodia), has undergone severe population declines as a result of widespread snaring across its range. Little is known about the newly discovered large-antlered muntjac population in Cambodia, and this lack of knowledge hinders the development of targeted conservation strategies and the implementation of robust monitoring. From February 23 to July 27, 2021, we collected landscape-scale camera-trapping data on the Cambodian population in Virachey National Park. We recorded the species in 6 camera-trap stations in 2 of 7 areas surveyed. We analysed the camera-trap data with single-species Bayesian occupancy models to understand factors influencing occurrence and to produce a robust baseline for the species. Large-antlered muntjac occurrence had a positive relationship with elevation and a negative relationship with a least-cost-path measure of remoteness. Mean ± SD estimated occupancy was estimated to be 0.1 ± 0.17 across all stations, and 0.30 ± 0.29 and 0.25 ± 0.15 for the 2 grids where the species was detected. Our results provide new information on the distribution of large-antlered muntjac in Cambodia and can be used to target anti-poaching efforts and monitor population trends over time. Virachey National Park appears to be a stronghold for the species, and conservation actions are needed to ensure that its large-antlered muntjac population does not face the same fate as populations in other parts of the species range.
摘要:大喉麂(Muntiacus vuquangensis)是一种极度濒危的鹿类,仅分布于安南生态区(越南、老挝和柬埔寨东北部)。人们对柬埔寨新发现的大疣麂种群知之甚少,这种知识的匮乏阻碍了有针对性的保护战略的制定和有力监测的实施。2021 年 2 月 23 日至 7 月 27 日,我们在维拉奇国家公园收集了柬埔寨种群的景观尺度相机诱捕数据。我们在 7 个调查区域中的 2 个区域的 6 个相机诱捕站记录了该物种。我们使用单物种贝叶斯占据模型分析了相机诱捕数据,以了解影响出现率的因素,并为该物种建立一个稳健的基线。大角麂的出现与海拔呈正相关,而与偏远程度的最小成本路径测量呈负相关。所有站点的平均(± SD)估计占有率估计为 0.1 ± 0.17,发现该物种的两个网格的平均(± SD)估计占有率分别为 0.30 ± 0.29 和 0.25 ± 0.15。我们的研究结果为柬埔寨大角麂的分布提供了新的信息,可用于有针对性地开展反盗猎工作和监测种群的长期趋势。维拉基国家公园似乎是该物种的据点,需要采取保护行动,以确保其大角麂种群不会面临该物种分布区其他地方种群的同样命运。
{"title":"Status and conservation implications of a newly discovered large-antlered muntjac population in Cambodia","authors":"Pablo Sinovas, Ioannis Alexiou, Oliver Roberts, Jeremy Holden, Nasak Chantha, Andrew Tilker","doi":"10.3354/esr01316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01316","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The large-antlered muntjac <i>Muntiacus vuquangensis</i>, a Critically Endangered deer found only in the Annamites ecoregion (Vietnam, Laos, and northeastern Cambodia), has undergone severe population declines as a result of widespread snaring across its range. Little is known about the newly discovered large-antlered muntjac population in Cambodia, and this lack of knowledge hinders the development of targeted conservation strategies and the implementation of robust monitoring. From February 23 to July 27, 2021, we collected landscape-scale camera-trapping data on the Cambodian population in Virachey National Park. We recorded the species in 6 camera-trap stations in 2 of 7 areas surveyed. We analysed the camera-trap data with single-species Bayesian occupancy models to understand factors influencing occurrence and to produce a robust baseline for the species. Large-antlered muntjac occurrence had a positive relationship with elevation and a negative relationship with a least-cost-path measure of remoteness. Mean ± SD estimated occupancy was estimated to be 0.1 ± 0.17 across all stations, and 0.30 ± 0.29 and 0.25 ± 0.15 for the 2 grids where the species was detected. Our results provide new information on the distribution of large-antlered muntjac in Cambodia and can be used to target anti-poaching efforts and monitor population trends over time. Virachey National Park appears to be a stronghold for the species, and conservation actions are needed to ensure that its large-antlered muntjac population does not face the same fate as populations in other parts of the species range.","PeriodicalId":48746,"journal":{"name":"Endangered Species Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140596422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Endangered Species Research
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