Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20230049
Vinícius Fernandes Canassa, Fabiana Campos Medeiros, Luiz Felipe Souza Bastos, Rodrigo Donizeti Faria, Thais Lohaine Braga dos Santos, Isabella Rubio Cabral, André Luiz Lourenção, Edson Luiz Lopes Baldin
Corn, Zea mays (L.), is one of the most expressive crops in Brazil, due to its wide-ranging uses as animal feeding, biofuel production or used for human consumption. However, there is a huge gap between the actual yield and the natural yield potential of the crop, due to insects’ attack. Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) is a key corn pest in seed producing regions, due to its attack on corn ears. Plant resistance is a valuable tool for Integrated Pest Management systems and may maintain insect populations at a level that is below an economic or damage threshold. This study aimed to evaluate the biological performance of L. zonatus in different corn genotypes, under laboratory conditions, searching for possible characterization of antibiosis/antixenosis. To achieve this goal, ten nymphs (1st instar) were transferred to polyvinylchloride (PVC) ring containing a corn ear (R6) of each genotype. Each ring corresponded to one replicate, for a total of five replicates per genotype in a completely randomized design. The parameters assessed included the duration of each instar, nymphal period, nymphal survival (%), percentage of mortality of each nymphal stage, adult longevity, and adult weight. The results demonstrate that XB 8018 Bt, 30F53, IAC Airan, XB 8030 and 30F53 YHR genotypes reduced the mean survival and caused high mortality of L. zonatus nymphs at the second instar (above 75.00%) indicating the occurrence of antibiosis/antixenosis. The higher mortality rates were observed at the second nymphal instar.
{"title":"Biological performance of Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) on corn genotypes","authors":"Vinícius Fernandes Canassa, Fabiana Campos Medeiros, Luiz Felipe Souza Bastos, Rodrigo Donizeti Faria, Thais Lohaine Braga dos Santos, Isabella Rubio Cabral, André Luiz Lourenção, Edson Luiz Lopes Baldin","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20230049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20230049","url":null,"abstract":"Corn, Zea mays (L.), is one of the most expressive crops in Brazil, due to its wide-ranging uses as animal feeding, biofuel production or used for human consumption. However, there is a huge gap between the actual yield and the natural yield potential of the crop, due to insects’ attack. Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Coreidae) is a key corn pest in seed producing regions, due to its attack on corn ears. Plant resistance is a valuable tool for Integrated Pest Management systems and may maintain insect populations at a level that is below an economic or damage threshold. This study aimed to evaluate the biological performance of L. zonatus in different corn genotypes, under laboratory conditions, searching for possible characterization of antibiosis/antixenosis. To achieve this goal, ten nymphs (1st instar) were transferred to polyvinylchloride (PVC) ring containing a corn ear (R6) of each genotype. Each ring corresponded to one replicate, for a total of five replicates per genotype in a completely randomized design. The parameters assessed included the duration of each instar, nymphal period, nymphal survival (%), percentage of mortality of each nymphal stage, adult longevity, and adult weight. The results demonstrate that XB 8018 Bt, 30F53, IAC Airan, XB 8030 and 30F53 YHR genotypes reduced the mean survival and caused high mortality of L. zonatus nymphs at the second instar (above 75.00%) indicating the occurrence of antibiosis/antixenosis. The higher mortality rates were observed at the second nymphal instar.","PeriodicalId":48845,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135105018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20230099
Daniela Meira, Vinícius de Bitencourt Bez Batti, Leomar Guilherme Woyann, Anderson Simionato Milioli, Antonio Henrique Bozi, Eduardo Beche, Maiara Cecilia Panho, Fabiana Barrinouevo, Laura Alexandra Madella, Gaspar Malone, Salvador Lima Brito Júnior, Taciane Finatto, Giovani Benin
In this study, the aim of this study was to identify the source of resistance using KASP markers developed for Rpp1 – Rpp5 and screening for resistance in field trials in F2 populations. Ten F2 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) populations derived from crosses between rust-susceptible (55I57RSF IPRO, 63I64RSF IPRO) and rust-resistant sources (PI 200492, PI 594538A, PI 587880A, PI 594723, PI 230970, PI 506764, PI 459025A and PI 200487) were evaluated. All F2 plants were individually evaluated in field conditions for ASR phenotypic reactions and classified according to sporulation level. KASP markers were developed according to assays associated with Rpp genes available at SoyBase. Based on a slight difference in map position and different phenotypic disease reactions of PI 200492, we suggest that PI 594723 carries a resistance gene Rpp1-b. The Rpp1-b gene from PI 594723 was mapped on Chr 18 in a 12.4 cM region. The PIs carrying Rpp1-b (PI 594723, PI 587880A, and 594538A) showed strong resistance to ASR compared to the lines carrying Rpp1 (PI 200492). A total of 26 KASP markers were significantly associated (P < 0.01) with ASR resistance. Among those, M1, M5, and M6 (Rpp1), M13 and M14 (Rpp2), M16, M17 and M20 (Rpp3), M25 and M26 (Rpp4), and M27 and M28 (Rpp5) have the potential to be used in marker-assisted selection strategies.
{"title":"Rpp genes conferring resistance to Asian soybean rust in F2 population in the field conditions","authors":"Daniela Meira, Vinícius de Bitencourt Bez Batti, Leomar Guilherme Woyann, Anderson Simionato Milioli, Antonio Henrique Bozi, Eduardo Beche, Maiara Cecilia Panho, Fabiana Barrinouevo, Laura Alexandra Madella, Gaspar Malone, Salvador Lima Brito Júnior, Taciane Finatto, Giovani Benin","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20230099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20230099","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the aim of this study was to identify the source of resistance using KASP markers developed for Rpp1 – Rpp5 and screening for resistance in field trials in F2 populations. Ten F2 soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) populations derived from crosses between rust-susceptible (55I57RSF IPRO, 63I64RSF IPRO) and rust-resistant sources (PI 200492, PI 594538A, PI 587880A, PI 594723, PI 230970, PI 506764, PI 459025A and PI 200487) were evaluated. All F2 plants were individually evaluated in field conditions for ASR phenotypic reactions and classified according to sporulation level. KASP markers were developed according to assays associated with Rpp genes available at SoyBase. Based on a slight difference in map position and different phenotypic disease reactions of PI 200492, we suggest that PI 594723 carries a resistance gene Rpp1-b. The Rpp1-b gene from PI 594723 was mapped on Chr 18 in a 12.4 cM region. The PIs carrying Rpp1-b (PI 594723, PI 587880A, and 594538A) showed strong resistance to ASR compared to the lines carrying Rpp1 (PI 200492). A total of 26 KASP markers were significantly associated (P < 0.01) with ASR resistance. Among those, M1, M5, and M6 (Rpp1), M13 and M14 (Rpp2), M16, M17 and M20 (Rpp3), M25 and M26 (Rpp4), and M27 and M28 (Rpp5) have the potential to be used in marker-assisted selection strategies.","PeriodicalId":48845,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"310 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135260816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20220202
Vanessa Caroline Lopes, Eliane Aparecida Benato, Bárbara Marçon Pereira da Silva, Júlia Claudiane da Veiga, Ilana Urbano Bron, Patrícia Cia
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that lemongrass and thyme essential oils (EOs) reduce Botrytis cinerea development and control gray mold in ‘Italia’ grapes. The fungitoxicity evaluation was performed by EOs direct contact with the pathogen, in culture medium, and by exposure to the EOs volatile phase. Individualized rachis berries were inoculated by subcuticular injection of a conidia suspension and after 4 hours sprayed with the EOs of lemongrass and thyme (100 to 1,000 mg·L-1), or oils blend (500 mg·L-1 thyme + 100 mg·L-1 lemongrass), and then stored at 25 °C / 75% relative humidity. To verify the possibility that the EOs protect the fruit against B. cinerea, the berries were sprayed with 400 mg·L-1 of each EOs or with the blend (200 mg·L-1 thyme + 200 mg·L-1 lemongrass), and after 24 hours inoculated with B. cinerea. On clusters, thyme (800 mg·L-1) and the blend (500 mg·L-1 thyme + 100 mg·L-1 lemongrass) were sprayed 4 hours after inoculation and then stored at 25 and 1 °C. The disease incidence and severity were analyzed, as well as the fruit quality attributes. EOs had antimicrobial effect, in-vitro, incorporated into the culture medium or by volatilization against B. cinerea. On detached berries, the thyme and oil blend reduced the gray mold severity when inoculated 4 hours before spraying. In clusters, thyme at 800 mg·L-1 significantly reduced the gray mold development only in fruits kept at 1 °C, without impairing the clusters quality, which could be an alternative for the disease management in postharvest.
{"title":"Antifungal activity of lemongrass and thyme essential oils and effect on gray mold control and postharvest quality of ‘Italia’ grape","authors":"Vanessa Caroline Lopes, Eliane Aparecida Benato, Bárbara Marçon Pereira da Silva, Júlia Claudiane da Veiga, Ilana Urbano Bron, Patrícia Cia","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20220202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20220202","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that lemongrass and thyme essential oils (EOs) reduce Botrytis cinerea development and control gray mold in ‘Italia’ grapes. The fungitoxicity evaluation was performed by EOs direct contact with the pathogen, in culture medium, and by exposure to the EOs volatile phase. Individualized rachis berries were inoculated by subcuticular injection of a conidia suspension and after 4 hours sprayed with the EOs of lemongrass and thyme (100 to 1,000 mg·L-1), or oils blend (500 mg·L-1 thyme + 100 mg·L-1 lemongrass), and then stored at 25 °C / 75% relative humidity. To verify the possibility that the EOs protect the fruit against B. cinerea, the berries were sprayed with 400 mg·L-1 of each EOs or with the blend (200 mg·L-1 thyme + 200 mg·L-1 lemongrass), and after 24 hours inoculated with B. cinerea. On clusters, thyme (800 mg·L-1) and the blend (500 mg·L-1 thyme + 100 mg·L-1 lemongrass) were sprayed 4 hours after inoculation and then stored at 25 and 1 °C. The disease incidence and severity were analyzed, as well as the fruit quality attributes. EOs had antimicrobial effect, in-vitro, incorporated into the culture medium or by volatilization against B. cinerea. On detached berries, the thyme and oil blend reduced the gray mold severity when inoculated 4 hours before spraying. In clusters, thyme at 800 mg·L-1 significantly reduced the gray mold development only in fruits kept at 1 °C, without impairing the clusters quality, which could be an alternative for the disease management in postharvest.","PeriodicalId":48845,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135549293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20230098
Vinícius Augusto Filla, Anderson Prates Coelho, Matheus Grossi Terceiro, Orlando Ferreira Morello, Leandro Borges Lemos
The cultivation of Coffea arabica L. in a low-altitude region is a sustainable alternative for diversifying the income of farmers. On account of the variability of available cultivars, the use of indirect selection through initial vegetative development may be an auxiliary tool for identifying the most suitable genotypes for this environment. This study aimed to identify the dwarf Arabica coffee cultivars with better initial development in a low-altitude region and the morphological traits with greater relevance for the early selection of cultivars with high yield potential. The experiment was installed in the northeast of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments consisted of 17 dwarf Arabica coffee cultivars. There is variability among dwarf Arabica coffee cultivars for initial vegetative development. The growth and increase in the number of nodes of the plagiotropic branch can be used in early selection to identify cultivars with greater yield potential. The cultivars IAC Obatã 4739, Obatã IAC 1669-20, and Tupi IAC 1669-33 present higher initial vegetative performance in low-altitude environments. The results obtained are useful to breeders and producers for choosing the cultivars best adapted to cultivation in this environment.
{"title":"Initial vegetative development and early selection of arabica coffee cultivars in a low-altitude region","authors":"Vinícius Augusto Filla, Anderson Prates Coelho, Matheus Grossi Terceiro, Orlando Ferreira Morello, Leandro Borges Lemos","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20230098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20230098","url":null,"abstract":"The cultivation of Coffea arabica L. in a low-altitude region is a sustainable alternative for diversifying the income of farmers. On account of the variability of available cultivars, the use of indirect selection through initial vegetative development may be an auxiliary tool for identifying the most suitable genotypes for this environment. This study aimed to identify the dwarf Arabica coffee cultivars with better initial development in a low-altitude region and the morphological traits with greater relevance for the early selection of cultivars with high yield potential. The experiment was installed in the northeast of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments consisted of 17 dwarf Arabica coffee cultivars. There is variability among dwarf Arabica coffee cultivars for initial vegetative development. The growth and increase in the number of nodes of the plagiotropic branch can be used in early selection to identify cultivars with greater yield potential. The cultivars IAC Obatã 4739, Obatã IAC 1669-20, and Tupi IAC 1669-33 present higher initial vegetative performance in low-altitude environments. The results obtained are useful to breeders and producers for choosing the cultivars best adapted to cultivation in this environment.","PeriodicalId":48845,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135610697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20230105
Wesley Ribeiro Ferrari, Basílio Cerri Neto, Jeane Crasque, Thayanne Rangel Ferreira, Thiago Corrêa de Souza, Antelmo Ralph Falqueto, Lúcio de Oliveira Arantes, Sara Dousseau-Arantes
Fusarium is the main disease of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in Brazil, and grafting using resistant rootstocks can be a sustainable management strategy. Several wild Piper species have been considered resistant to infection. However, further studies on the grafting process are needed to generate a safe technical recommendation for farmers. This research was carried out with the objective of evaluating the initial compatibility of grafting through the interaction between two techniques (top cleft and side cleft) and six rootstocks. The P. nigrum ‘Bragantina’ was grafted onto four wild Piper species (Piper aduncum Link, Piper tuberculatum Jacq., Piper marginatum Jacq., and Piper hispidum Kunth) and two black pepper cultivars (‘Kottanadan Broto Branco’ and ‘Bragantina’-homograft). P. tuberculatum and P. marginatum were incompatible with P. nigrum ‘Bragantina’ in the two grafting techniques. There was total suppression of leaf development with incompatible rootstocks inside cleft grafting. The wild rootstocks had twice as many shoots at the base of the seedling than the cultivars in the top cleft grafting. Side cleft grafting was able to suppress by half the shoots at the base of the rootstock, while the aerial part was maintained. Top cleft grafting provided greater survival, shooting, and leaf emission, which was more evident when using P. aduncum species as rootstock, reaching practically twice the shooting (59.3%) in comparison with the side grafting (30.6%). Therefore, the top method and the use of P. aduncum as rootstock for the production of grafted black pepper seedlings is recommended.
{"title":"Black pepper grafting in Piper wild species","authors":"Wesley Ribeiro Ferrari, Basílio Cerri Neto, Jeane Crasque, Thayanne Rangel Ferreira, Thiago Corrêa de Souza, Antelmo Ralph Falqueto, Lúcio de Oliveira Arantes, Sara Dousseau-Arantes","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20230105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20230105","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium is the main disease of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in Brazil, and grafting using resistant rootstocks can be a sustainable management strategy. Several wild Piper species have been considered resistant to infection. However, further studies on the grafting process are needed to generate a safe technical recommendation for farmers. This research was carried out with the objective of evaluating the initial compatibility of grafting through the interaction between two techniques (top cleft and side cleft) and six rootstocks. The P. nigrum ‘Bragantina’ was grafted onto four wild Piper species (Piper aduncum Link, Piper tuberculatum Jacq., Piper marginatum Jacq., and Piper hispidum Kunth) and two black pepper cultivars (‘Kottanadan Broto Branco’ and ‘Bragantina’-homograft). P. tuberculatum and P. marginatum were incompatible with P. nigrum ‘Bragantina’ in the two grafting techniques. There was total suppression of leaf development with incompatible rootstocks inside cleft grafting. The wild rootstocks had twice as many shoots at the base of the seedling than the cultivars in the top cleft grafting. Side cleft grafting was able to suppress by half the shoots at the base of the rootstock, while the aerial part was maintained. Top cleft grafting provided greater survival, shooting, and leaf emission, which was more evident when using P. aduncum species as rootstock, reaching practically twice the shooting (59.3%) in comparison with the side grafting (30.6%). Therefore, the top method and the use of P. aduncum as rootstock for the production of grafted black pepper seedlings is recommended.","PeriodicalId":48845,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135106319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is necessary to diversify the scion/rootstock combinations for Persian lime cultivation, notably under tropical rainfed conditions. Therefore, in this work we evaluated the performance of a new cultivar, BRS EECB IAC Ponta Firme, up to six years after planting on 26 citrus rootstocks under Aw climate in northern São Paulo state, Brazil. Thirty single-tree randomized replications of each rootstock were evaluated without irrigation at 1,000 trees·ha-1. Lemon-type, followed by mandarin rootstocks induced the largest tree size and higher mean yield, probably related to the higher drought tolerance. The true dwarfing rootstocks of Flying Dragon trifoliate orange and Lindcove citrandarin were highly drought-intolerant, but, in addition to Swingle citrumelo and four other citrandarins, they did not present huanglongbing-symptomatic trees during the evaluation period under strict control of the insect vector. Overall, BRS EECB IAC Ponta Firme fruit quality was minimally influenced by the rootstock cultivar and fulfilled the requirements for both domestic and export fresh fruit markets. Due to superior production efficiency associated with high yield in relation to the canopy size, the Goutoucheng sour orange, BRS Ary, BRS Bravo and BRS Matta hybrids were selected as potential rootstocks of rainfed BRS EECB IAC Ponta Firme lime under Aw climate (tropical savannah) conditions.
{"title":"Performance of rainfed Persian lime cv. BRS EECB IAC Ponta Firme on 26 rootstocks under Aw climate","authors":"Larissa NunesLarissa Nunes Silva, Marina Ferreira Vitória, Alécio Souza Moreira, Eduardo Augusto Girardi, Eduardo Sanches Stuchi","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20230065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20230065","url":null,"abstract":"It is necessary to diversify the scion/rootstock combinations for Persian lime cultivation, notably under tropical rainfed conditions. Therefore, in this work we evaluated the performance of a new cultivar, BRS EECB IAC Ponta Firme, up to six years after planting on 26 citrus rootstocks under Aw climate in northern São Paulo state, Brazil. Thirty single-tree randomized replications of each rootstock were evaluated without irrigation at 1,000 trees·ha-1. Lemon-type, followed by mandarin rootstocks induced the largest tree size and higher mean yield, probably related to the higher drought tolerance. The true dwarfing rootstocks of Flying Dragon trifoliate orange and Lindcove citrandarin were highly drought-intolerant, but, in addition to Swingle citrumelo and four other citrandarins, they did not present huanglongbing-symptomatic trees during the evaluation period under strict control of the insect vector. Overall, BRS EECB IAC Ponta Firme fruit quality was minimally influenced by the rootstock cultivar and fulfilled the requirements for both domestic and export fresh fruit markets. Due to superior production efficiency associated with high yield in relation to the canopy size, the Goutoucheng sour orange, BRS Ary, BRS Bravo and BRS Matta hybrids were selected as potential rootstocks of rainfed BRS EECB IAC Ponta Firme lime under Aw climate (tropical savannah) conditions.","PeriodicalId":48845,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"2022 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135261247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20230120
Renata Andrade, Genaina Aparecida Souza, Danielle Santos Brito, Bruno Guilherme Gonçalves, Samuel Vasconcelos Valadares, Maximiller Dal-Bianco, Cleberson Ribeiro
Toxic levels of aluminum (Al) in the soil can reduce the growth of different grain crops. To understand the effects of Al in soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings Al accumulation and its effect on anatomy, morphology, and metabolism in roots of two soybean genotypes were evaluated: Suprema and A7002. For this, soybean plants were grown in nutrient Clark solution, pH 4.0, without Al (control) and with 100 µM of Al for 72 hours. Both genotypes accumulated Al in the roots, however, Suprema showed a higher Al accumulation than A7002. The latter genotype showed Al accumulated only in the cell walls of the epidermis and root cap, which did not affect root growth. On the other hand, in Suprema, Al accumulated in the cells of the root cap, epidermis, and the nucleus of the ground meristem cells, which resulted in inhibited root growth and structural damage in the root epidermis cells. Al modulated the primary metabolism with increases in the levels of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and malate in the roots of the genotype A7002 and reduced the starch levels in the Suprema genotype. The findings of this study suggest the A7002 genotype seems to be more resistant to Al than Suprema, mainly by the use of two important mechanisms: an increase in malate content and Al immobilization in the external cells of the root.
土壤中铝(Al)的有毒水平会降低不同粮食作物的生长。为了解铝对大豆(Glycine max L.)幼苗的影响，研究了两个基因型大豆(Suprema)和A7002的铝积累及其对根系解剖、形态和代谢的影响。为此，大豆植株在pH为4.0的营养Clark溶液中生长72小时，不含Al(对照)，添加100µM Al。两种基因型在根系中都积累了铝，但Suprema的积累量高于A7002。后一基因型显示铝只在表皮细胞壁和根冠中积累，不影响根的生长。另一方面，在superma中，Al在根冠细胞、表皮细胞和地上分生组织细胞核中积累，导致根生长受到抑制，根表皮细胞结构受损。Al通过增加A7002基因型根部的葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖和苹果酸盐水平来调节初级代谢，并降低了Suprema基因型根部的淀粉水平。本研究结果表明，A7002基因型似乎比Suprema对Al的抗性更强，主要是通过两个重要机制:苹果酸含量的增加和Al在根外部细胞中的固定。
{"title":"Malate and cell wall aluminum immobilization act as resistance mechanisms in soybean roots","authors":"Renata Andrade, Genaina Aparecida Souza, Danielle Santos Brito, Bruno Guilherme Gonçalves, Samuel Vasconcelos Valadares, Maximiller Dal-Bianco, Cleberson Ribeiro","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20230120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20230120","url":null,"abstract":"Toxic levels of aluminum (Al) in the soil can reduce the growth of different grain crops. To understand the effects of Al in soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings Al accumulation and its effect on anatomy, morphology, and metabolism in roots of two soybean genotypes were evaluated: Suprema and A7002. For this, soybean plants were grown in nutrient Clark solution, pH 4.0, without Al (control) and with 100 µM of Al for 72 hours. Both genotypes accumulated Al in the roots, however, Suprema showed a higher Al accumulation than A7002. The latter genotype showed Al accumulated only in the cell walls of the epidermis and root cap, which did not affect root growth. On the other hand, in Suprema, Al accumulated in the cells of the root cap, epidermis, and the nucleus of the ground meristem cells, which resulted in inhibited root growth and structural damage in the root epidermis cells. Al modulated the primary metabolism with increases in the levels of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and malate in the roots of the genotype A7002 and reduced the starch levels in the Suprema genotype. The findings of this study suggest the A7002 genotype seems to be more resistant to Al than Suprema, mainly by the use of two important mechanisms: an increase in malate content and Al immobilization in the external cells of the root.","PeriodicalId":48845,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135262184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20230060
Albiane Dias Carvalho, Gabriela Cavalcanti Alves, Bruno José Rodrigues Alves, Leandro Azevedo Santos, Veronica Massena Reis
Plant-growth-promoting bacteria of the genus Azospirillum and Herbaspirillum can improve crop yields of maize in tropical environments. The main mechanism proposed for its promotion is related to the auxins produced by these species. The aim of this study was to compare the maize growth response of inoculation using two species, Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 (Ab-Sp245) and Herbaspirillum seropedicae ZAE94 (Hs-ZAE94) during the initial growth under controlled conditions. A pot experiment was conducted with five harvests measuring bacterial counts, root morphology, biomass, and nitrogen content, and soluble metabolites for 38 days. Depending on the harvest period, a differential growth response between the two strains test was compared to the control. Plants use the bacterium applied to improve nitrogen acquisition and transform it into higher biomass and nitrogen accumulation, especially for Ab-Sp245. On the other side, Hs-ZAE94 altered the soluble metabolites resulting in higher NO3-, NH4+, and N-amino and lower soluble fractions compared to Ab-Sp245 and the control. The observed plant-bacteria interaction is closely fine-tuned and regulated by the strain used and differences in growth promotion effects cannot solely attributed to the root morphology.
{"title":"Root development and nitrogen acquisition of maize inoculated with two species of diazotrophs","authors":"Albiane Dias Carvalho, Gabriela Cavalcanti Alves, Bruno José Rodrigues Alves, Leandro Azevedo Santos, Veronica Massena Reis","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20230060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20230060","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-growth-promoting bacteria of the genus Azospirillum and Herbaspirillum can improve crop yields of maize in tropical environments. The main mechanism proposed for its promotion is related to the auxins produced by these species. The aim of this study was to compare the maize growth response of inoculation using two species, Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245 (Ab-Sp245) and Herbaspirillum seropedicae ZAE94 (Hs-ZAE94) during the initial growth under controlled conditions. A pot experiment was conducted with five harvests measuring bacterial counts, root morphology, biomass, and nitrogen content, and soluble metabolites for 38 days. Depending on the harvest period, a differential growth response between the two strains test was compared to the control. Plants use the bacterium applied to improve nitrogen acquisition and transform it into higher biomass and nitrogen accumulation, especially for Ab-Sp245. On the other side, Hs-ZAE94 altered the soluble metabolites resulting in higher NO3-, NH4+, and N-amino and lower soluble fractions compared to Ab-Sp245 and the control. The observed plant-bacteria interaction is closely fine-tuned and regulated by the strain used and differences in growth promotion effects cannot solely attributed to the root morphology.","PeriodicalId":48845,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135105021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Off-season corn is the main form of corn crop in Brazil. During the maturation stage of the plants, the availability of heat is reduced, and frosts may occur. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of row spacing reduction and population increase in corn cultivars on agronomic parameters and leaf burn caused by moderate frost to minimize the effects of abiotic stresses on grain yield. We used a randomized block experimental design in a 3 × 4 × 2 factorial scheme: row spacing of 40, 80, and 120 cm; populations of 25,000, 43,750, 62,500, and 81,250 plants·ha-1; and Fort cultivars (semi-erect leaves, and early cycle) and DKB 950 (erect leaves and super-early cycle). Three field trials were conducted in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from mid-March. The spacing reduction provided antagonistic effects on yield with different response from hybrids in the most of locations. Population density increased plant height, stalk lodging and grain yield; populations ≥ 68,000 plants per hectare provided the best yields. Specific determinations were made in the area where moderate frost occurred; higher leaf area index and less Brix in the stem at 40 cm spacing were obtained, but without any increase in plant dry mass and grain yield. The hybrid with erect leaves was more adapted to the reduced spacing and exhibited less leaf damage by frost. The effect of frost was greater at reduced row spacings; therefore, this factor should be considered when selecting the population arrangement of off-season corn in areas with frequent frost.
{"title":"Density and population arrangement of off-season corn cultivars: agronomic parameters and leaf burn by frost","authors":"Rafaela Caroline Rangni Moltocaro Duarte, Aildson Pereira Duarte","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20230038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20230038","url":null,"abstract":"Off-season corn is the main form of corn crop in Brazil. During the maturation stage of the plants, the availability of heat is reduced, and frosts may occur. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of row spacing reduction and population increase in corn cultivars on agronomic parameters and leaf burn caused by moderate frost to minimize the effects of abiotic stresses on grain yield. We used a randomized block experimental design in a 3 × 4 × 2 factorial scheme: row spacing of 40, 80, and 120 cm; populations of 25,000, 43,750, 62,500, and 81,250 plants·ha-1; and Fort cultivars (semi-erect leaves, and early cycle) and DKB 950 (erect leaves and super-early cycle). Three field trials were conducted in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from mid-March. The spacing reduction provided antagonistic effects on yield with different response from hybrids in the most of locations. Population density increased plant height, stalk lodging and grain yield; populations ≥ 68,000 plants per hectare provided the best yields. Specific determinations were made in the area where moderate frost occurred; higher leaf area index and less Brix in the stem at 40 cm spacing were obtained, but without any increase in plant dry mass and grain yield. The hybrid with erect leaves was more adapted to the reduced spacing and exhibited less leaf damage by frost. The effect of frost was greater at reduced row spacings; therefore, this factor should be considered when selecting the population arrangement of off-season corn in areas with frequent frost.","PeriodicalId":48845,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135106998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-4499.20230110
Camila Pereira Gagna, Osvaldo Guedes Filho, Maria Caroline Garcia Paschoal, Renata Bachin Mazzini-Guedes, Glécio Machado Siqueira
The intercropping of corn with forage grasses increases soil cover and may improve soil structural quality. The objective of the study was to evaluate the soil structural properties and the development of second-crop corn intercropping with forage grasses under no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out in an area of Sítio Santo Antônio, located in the municipality of Borrazópolis, Paraná state, Brazil, on a Red Latosol with a very clayey texture. The experiment consisted of five treatments: corn + Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (T1), corn + Urochloa brizantha cv. Piatã (T2), corn + Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés (T3), corn + Urochloa ruziziensis (T4), and non-intercropping corn (T5). In the corn crop, the following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, first ear in insertion height, stem diameter, corn yield, dry mass of corn straw mulch, dry mass of grasses shoots and dry mass of grasses root. Dry mass of the aerial part and roots of the grasses were evaluated. In the 0–0.10 and 0.10–0.20-m soil depth, soil physical properties were also determined: tensile strength and friability, stability of aggregates, bulk density and total porosity, and degree of compactness. The treatments of corn in intercropping with grasses showed positive results regarding the stability of aggregates, reduction of bulk density and increase of total porosity in the 0–0.10-m soil depth. The intercropping of corn + U. ruziziensis showed the lowest values of degree of compactness and higher production of dry mass of the aerial part.
{"title":"Soil structural quality and development of second-crop corn intercropping with forage grasses under no-tillage","authors":"Camila Pereira Gagna, Osvaldo Guedes Filho, Maria Caroline Garcia Paschoal, Renata Bachin Mazzini-Guedes, Glécio Machado Siqueira","doi":"10.1590/1678-4499.20230110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20230110","url":null,"abstract":"The intercropping of corn with forage grasses increases soil cover and may improve soil structural quality. The objective of the study was to evaluate the soil structural properties and the development of second-crop corn intercropping with forage grasses under no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out in an area of Sítio Santo Antônio, located in the municipality of Borrazópolis, Paraná state, Brazil, on a Red Latosol with a very clayey texture. The experiment consisted of five treatments: corn + Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (T1), corn + Urochloa brizantha cv. Piatã (T2), corn + Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés (T3), corn + Urochloa ruziziensis (T4), and non-intercropping corn (T5). In the corn crop, the following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, first ear in insertion height, stem diameter, corn yield, dry mass of corn straw mulch, dry mass of grasses shoots and dry mass of grasses root. Dry mass of the aerial part and roots of the grasses were evaluated. In the 0–0.10 and 0.10–0.20-m soil depth, soil physical properties were also determined: tensile strength and friability, stability of aggregates, bulk density and total porosity, and degree of compactness. The treatments of corn in intercropping with grasses showed positive results regarding the stability of aggregates, reduction of bulk density and increase of total porosity in the 0–0.10-m soil depth. The intercropping of corn + U. ruziziensis showed the lowest values of degree of compactness and higher production of dry mass of the aerial part.","PeriodicalId":48845,"journal":{"name":"Bragantia","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135106741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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