Pub Date : 2024-07-03Epub Date: 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2350056
Abhishek Ghosh, Nirvana Morgan, Tanya Calvey, Florian Scheibein, Ioannis Angelakis, Maria Panagioti, Marica Ferri, Dzmitry Krupchanka
Background: Given the accumulating research, evolving psychosocial treatment, and equivocal findings, updating WHO's Mental Health Gap Action Programme-2015 was necessary to ensure guidelines reflect effective strategies for alcohol use disorder (AUD).Objective: To estimate the effects of psychosocial interventions on drinking and related outcomes.Methods: We included randomized controlled trials published between January 2015 and June 2022 on adults with alcohol dependence (ICD 10/DSM-IV) and moderate to severe AUD (DSM-5), and those examined psychosocial interventions against treatment-as-usual (TAU) and active controls. Eight databases and registries were searched. Relative Risk (RR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) were used for dichotomous and continuous outcomes. We used Cochrane's risk of bias assessment (RoB2).Results: Of 873 screened records, 14 and 13 studies in the narrative synthesis and meta-analysis. Of the 2,575 participants, 71.5% were men. Thirteen studies used ICD 10/DSM IV diagnosis. Compared to TAU, any psychosocial intervention increased the relative risk of abstinence by 28% [N = 7, RR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.53, p = .01, NNT = 9]. There were minimal heterogeneity and no evidence of publication bias. Psychosocial interventions were not effective in reducing the drinking frequency (n = 2, Hedge's g = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.46 to 0.26, p = .57) and drinks/drinking days (N = 5, g = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.37 to 0.16, p = .43). Treatment discontinuation did not differ between intervention and control groups [RR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.66 to 1.80].Conclusion: Psychosocial interventions are effective in improving abstinence but not in reducing drinking frequency or amount. Policymakers must consider this evidence to generate AUD treatment guidelines.Registration: PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022342608.
{"title":"Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for alcohol use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis update.","authors":"Abhishek Ghosh, Nirvana Morgan, Tanya Calvey, Florian Scheibein, Ioannis Angelakis, Maria Panagioti, Marica Ferri, Dzmitry Krupchanka","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2350056","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2350056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Given the accumulating research, evolving psychosocial treatment, and equivocal findings, updating WHO's Mental Health Gap Action Programme-2015 was necessary to ensure guidelines reflect effective strategies for alcohol use disorder (AUD).<i>Objective:</i> To estimate the effects of psychosocial interventions on drinking and related outcomes.<i>Methods:</i> We included randomized controlled trials published between January 2015 and June 2022 on adults with alcohol dependence (ICD 10/DSM-IV) and moderate to severe AUD (DSM-5), and those examined psychosocial interventions against treatment-as-usual (TAU) and active controls. Eight databases and registries were searched. Relative Risk (RR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) were used for dichotomous and continuous outcomes. We used Cochrane's risk of bias assessment (RoB2).<i>Results:</i> Of 873 screened records, 14 and 13 studies in the narrative synthesis and meta-analysis. Of the 2,575 participants, 71.5% were men. Thirteen studies used ICD 10/DSM IV diagnosis. Compared to TAU, any psychosocial intervention increased the relative risk of abstinence by 28% [<i>N</i> = 7, RR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.53, <i>p</i> = .01, NNT = 9]. There were minimal heterogeneity and no evidence of publication bias. Psychosocial interventions were not effective in reducing the drinking frequency (<i>n</i> = 2, Hedge's g = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.46 to 0.26, <i>p</i> = .57) and drinks/drinking days (<i>N</i> = 5, g = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.37 to 0.16, <i>p</i> = .43). Treatment discontinuation did not differ between intervention and control groups [RR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.66 to 1.80].<i>Conclusion:</i> Psychosocial interventions are effective in improving abstinence but not in reducing drinking frequency or amount. Policymakers must consider this evidence to generate AUD treatment guidelines.<i>Registration:</i> PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022342608.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-28DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2360984
Cayley Russell, Tony P George, Nitin Chopra, Bernard Le Foll, Flora I Matheson, Jürgen Rehm, Shannon Lange
Background: Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) reduce risks for overdose among correctional populations. Among other barriers, daily dosing requirements hinder treatment continuity post-release. Extended-release buprenorphine (XR-BUP) may therefore be beneficial. However, limited evidence exists.Objectives: To conduct a systematic review examining the feasibility and effectiveness of XR-BUP among correctional populations.Methods: Searches were carried out in Pubmed, Embase, and PsychINFO in October 2023. Ten studies reporting on feasibility or effectiveness of XR-BUP were included, representing n = 819 total individuals (81.6% male). Data were extracted and narratively reported under the following main outcomes: 1) Feasibility; 2) Effectiveness; and 3) Barriers and Facilitators.Results: Studies were heterogeneous. Correctional populations were two times readier to try XR-BUP compared to non-correctional populations. XR-BUP was feasible and safe, with no diversion, overdoses, or deaths; several negative side effects were reported. Compared to other MOUD, XR-BUP significantly reduced drug use, resulted in similar or higher treatment retention rates, fewer re-incarcerations, and was cost-beneficial, with a lower overall monthly/yearly cost. Barriers to XR-BUP, such as side effects and a fear of needles, as well as facilitators, such as a lowered risk of opioid relapse, were also identified.Conclusion: XR-BUP appears to be a feasible and potentially effective alternative treatment option for correctional populations with OUD. XR-BUP may reduce community release-related risks, such as opioid use and overdose risk, as well as barriers to treatment retention. Efforts to expand access to and uptake of XR-BUP among correctional populations are warranted.
{"title":"Feasibility and effectiveness of extended-release buprenorphine (XR-BUP) among correctional populations: a systematic review.","authors":"Cayley Russell, Tony P George, Nitin Chopra, Bernard Le Foll, Flora I Matheson, Jürgen Rehm, Shannon Lange","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2360984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2024.2360984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) reduce risks for overdose among correctional populations. Among other barriers, daily dosing requirements hinder treatment continuity post-release. Extended-release buprenorphine (XR-BUP) may therefore be beneficial. However, limited evidence exists.<i>Objectives:</i> To conduct a systematic review examining the feasibility and effectiveness of XR-BUP among correctional populations.<i>Methods:</i> Searches were carried out in Pubmed, Embase, and PsychINFO in October 2023. Ten studies reporting on feasibility or effectiveness of XR-BUP were included, representing <i>n</i> = 819 total individuals (81.6% male). Data were extracted and narratively reported under the following main outcomes: 1) Feasibility; 2) Effectiveness; and 3) Barriers and Facilitators.<i>Results:</i> Studies were heterogeneous. Correctional populations were two times readier to try XR-BUP compared to non-correctional populations. XR-BUP was feasible and safe, with no diversion, overdoses, or deaths; several negative side effects were reported. Compared to other MOUD, XR-BUP significantly reduced drug use, resulted in similar or higher treatment retention rates, fewer re-incarcerations, and was cost-beneficial, with a lower overall monthly/yearly cost. Barriers to XR-BUP, such as side effects and a fear of needles, as well as facilitators, such as a lowered risk of opioid relapse, were also identified.<i>Conclusion:</i> XR-BUP appears to be a feasible and potentially effective alternative treatment option for correctional populations with OUD. XR-BUP may reduce community release-related risks, such as opioid use and overdose risk, as well as barriers to treatment retention. Efforts to expand access to and uptake of XR-BUP among correctional populations are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2350057
Orman Trent Hall, Tommy Gunawan, Julie Teater, Craig Bryan, Stephanie Gorka, Vijay A Ramchandani
Background:Hyperkatifeia describes amplified emotional and motivational withdrawal due to addiction-related sensitization of brain-stress-systems. Hyperkatifeia has been proposed as a target for addiction treatment development. However, translation of basic research in this area will require new tools designed to measure hyperkatifeia and related phenomena outside of laboratory settings.Objectives: We define a novel concept, withdrawal interference, and introduce a new tool - the Withdrawal Interference Scale (WIS) - which measures the impact of withdrawal on daily life among individuals with OUD or AUD.Methods: Described are the combined results of three separate cross-sectional studies. The structural validity, convergent validity, construct validity, trans-diagnostic (AUD/OUD) configural, metric, and scalar invariance, internal consistency, and composite reliability of WIS was tested among three independent samples of 1) treatment-seeking adults with OUD (n = 132), 2) treatment-seeking adults with AUD (n = 123), and 3) non-treatment-seeking adults with OUD (n = 140). Males numbered 218 and females were 163.Results: WIS exhibited structural validity (1 factor), convergent validity (average variance extracted .670-.676), construct validity, trans-diagnostic configural (χ2/df = 2.10), metric (Δχ2 = 5.70, p = .681), and scalar invariance (Δχ2 = 12.34, p = .338), internal consistency (α .882-928), and composite reliability (.924-.925).Conclusion: These results suggest WIS is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring withdrawal-related life disruption in AUD and OUD. Further, given our findings of transdiagnostic measurement invariance, WIS scores of individuals with AUD and OUD can be meaningfully compared in future statistical analyses.
{"title":"Withdrawal interference scale: a novel measure of withdrawal-related life disruption in opioid use disorder and alcohol use disorder.","authors":"Orman Trent Hall, Tommy Gunawan, Julie Teater, Craig Bryan, Stephanie Gorka, Vijay A Ramchandani","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2350057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2024.2350057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> <i>Hyperkatifeia</i> describes amplified emotional and motivational withdrawal due to addiction-related sensitization of brain-stress-systems. Hyperkatifeia has been proposed as a target for addiction treatment development. However, translation of basic research in this area will require new tools designed to measure <i>hyperkatifeia</i> and related phenomena outside of laboratory settings.<i>Objectives:</i> We define a novel concept, <i>withdrawal interference</i>, and introduce a new tool - the <i>Withdrawal Interference Scale</i> (WIS) - which measures the impact of withdrawal on daily life among individuals with OUD or AUD.<i>Methods:</i> Described are the combined results of three separate cross-sectional studies. The structural validity, convergent validity, construct validity, trans-diagnostic (AUD/OUD) configural, metric, and scalar invariance, internal consistency, and composite reliability of WIS was tested among three independent samples of 1) treatment-seeking adults with OUD (<i>n</i> = 132), 2) treatment-seeking adults with AUD (<i>n</i> = 123), and 3) non-treatment-seeking adults with OUD (<i>n</i> = 140). Males numbered 218 and females were 163.<i>Results:</i> WIS exhibited structural validity (1 factor), convergent validity (average variance extracted .670-.676), construct validity, trans-diagnostic configural (χ2/df = 2.10), metric (Δχ2 = 5.70, <i>p</i> = .681), and scalar invariance (Δχ2 = 12.34, <i>p</i> = .338), internal consistency (α .882-928), and composite reliability (.924-.925).<i>Conclusion:</i> These results suggest WIS is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring withdrawal-related life disruption in AUD and OUD. Further, given our findings of transdiagnostic measurement invariance, WIS scores of individuals with AUD and OUD can be meaningfully compared in future statistical analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141297019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2350696
Laura Rodger, Jeremy Cygler, Andrew Pinto
Background: Rates of acute care use, including hospital admission and readmission, are high for people who misuse substances. Hospitalization provides a valuable opportunity for intervention, but addiction treatment is often not addressed in the inpatient setting. Addiction consult services are a novel intervention intended to change hospital practices.Objectives: Comprehensively summarize outcomes (quantitative and qualitative) associated with inpatient addiction consult services.Methods: English-language searches of: Medline, CINAHL, Embase, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, PsychInfo and Google Scholar were conducted from 2000 to November 2022. Studies reporting outcomes associated with addiction specialist consultation in the hospital setting were included. Four independent reviewers screened abstracts, and three reviewers screened full-text articles.Results: A total of 1,113 results underwent title and abstract screening and 43 studies were included. Outcomes associated with addiction specialist consultation were heterogeneous. Quantitative clinical outcomes focused on pharmacotherapy, healthcare utilization, and outpatient follow-up. Consultation improved rates of pharmacotherapy use, but had inconsistent effects on health care use, and overall follow-up rates were low. Consultation was associated with reduced overdose rates and 90-day mortality. Additional outcomes related to medical learners' educational achievements and qualitative results described positive effects on trainees, healthcare providers, and patients seen by specialized consult services. Access to dedicated providers improved experiences in hospitals for both people who misuse substances and their healthcare providers.Conclusion: Addiction specialist consultations are related to several clinical metrics, but some outcomes (e.g. pharmacotherapy initiation) may be more amenable to intervention than others (healthcare utilization). Qualitative findings provide important context for quantitative clinical results.
{"title":"Quantitative and qualitative outcomes associated with inpatient addiction consultation: a scoping review.","authors":"Laura Rodger, Jeremy Cygler, Andrew Pinto","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2350696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2024.2350696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Rates of acute care use, including hospital admission and readmission, are high for people who misuse substances. Hospitalization provides a valuable opportunity for intervention, but addiction treatment is often not addressed in the inpatient setting. Addiction consult services are a novel intervention intended to change hospital practices.<i>Objectives:</i> Comprehensively summarize outcomes (quantitative and qualitative) associated with inpatient addiction consult services.<i>Methods:</i> English-language searches of: Medline, CINAHL, Embase, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, PsychInfo and Google Scholar were conducted from 2000 to November 2022. Studies reporting outcomes associated with addiction specialist consultation in the hospital setting were included. Four independent reviewers screened abstracts, and three reviewers screened full-text articles.<i>Results:</i> A total of 1,113 results underwent title and abstract screening and 43 studies were included. Outcomes associated with addiction specialist consultation were heterogeneous. Quantitative clinical outcomes focused on pharmacotherapy, healthcare utilization, and outpatient follow-up. Consultation improved rates of pharmacotherapy use, but had inconsistent effects on health care use, and overall follow-up rates were low. Consultation was associated with reduced overdose rates and 90-day mortality. Additional outcomes related to medical learners' educational achievements and qualitative results described positive effects on trainees, healthcare providers, and patients seen by specialized consult services. Access to dedicated providers improved experiences in hospitals for both people who misuse substances and their healthcare providers.<i>Conclusion:</i> Addiction specialist consultations are related to several clinical metrics, but some outcomes (e.g. pharmacotherapy initiation) may be more amenable to intervention than others (healthcare utilization). Qualitative findings provide important context for quantitative clinical results.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03Epub Date: 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2353649
Jocelyn Lee, Nitin Chopra, Tianna Costa, Tony P George
{"title":"Treatment of ketamine use disorder with combined gabapentin and topiramate: two case reports.","authors":"Jocelyn Lee, Nitin Chopra, Tianna Costa, Tony P George","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2353649","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2353649","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03Epub Date: 2024-01-17DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2300049
Yun-Ling Bu, Cao Wang, Can Zhao, Xiang Lu, Wei Gao
Background: Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass plus a decline in muscle strength and/or reduced physical performance with advancing age. The results of current studies on the relationship between drinking and sarcopenia remain controversial.Objectives: The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association of alcohol consumption with the risk of sarcopenia.Methods: Systematic searches were conducted without language restrictions from the beginning of each database to September 20, 2023 on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, Chinese BioMedical Literature, and China national knowledge infrastructure databases. Meta-analysis was conducted to pool the study-specific odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: Sixty-two studies with 454,643 participants were enrolled. The meta-analysis of proportions revealed that alcohol consumption was not associated with the presence of sarcopenia, with a pooled OR of 0.964 (95% CI = 0.912-1.019). Further subgroup analysis indicated that alcohol consumption was correlated with lower risk of sarcopenia in men (OR = 0.763; 95% CI = 0.622-0.938; P = .010). The nonlinear dose-response analysis suggested a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption and the risk of sarcopenia, with a nadir at the amounts of alcohol consumption of 6.6 grams/day (OR = 0.765; 95% CI = 0.608-0.957; P < .05).Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis indicate that alcohol consumption is not a risk factor for the development of sarcopenia. Any suggestion of a putative protective effect of alcohol should be treated with caution, particularly in light of the overall lack of relationship reported in the present comprehensive meta-analysis.
背景:肌肉疏松症是指随着年龄的增长,骨骼肌质量逐渐减少,肌力下降和/或体能下降。目前有关饮酒与肌肉疏松症之间关系的研究结果仍存在争议:本荟萃分析旨在评估饮酒与肌肉疏松症风险之间的关系:方法:在PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、万方数据、中国生物医学文献和中国国家知识基础设施数据库中,从每个数据库开始至2023年9月20日进行了无语言限制的系统检索。结果显示,62 项研究的 454 个样本中,有 454 个样本的研究结果与其他研究的结果不一致,其中有 6 项研究的结果与其他研究的结果不一致:结果:共纳入 62 项研究,454 643 人参与。比例荟萃分析表明,饮酒与肌肉疏松症无关,汇总的 OR 值为 0.964(95% CI = 0.912-1.019)。进一步的亚组分析表明,饮酒与男性患肌肉疏松症的风险较低有关(OR = 0.763; 95% CI = 0.622-0.938; P = .010)。非线性剂量-反应分析表明,饮酒量与患肌肉疏松症的风险呈 "J "形关系,在饮酒量为 6.6 克/天时达到最低点(OR = 0.765;95% CI = 0.608-0.957;P 结论:非线性剂量-反应分析表明,饮酒量与患肌肉疏松症的风险呈 "J "形关系,在饮酒量为 6.6 克/天时达到最低点:这项荟萃分析的结果表明,饮酒并不是导致肌肉疏松症的危险因素。任何关于酒精可能具有保护作用的说法都应谨慎对待,尤其是考虑到本综合荟萃分析报告的总体关系并不明显。
{"title":"The association of alcohol consumption with the risk of sarcopenia: a dose-response meta-analysis.","authors":"Yun-Ling Bu, Cao Wang, Can Zhao, Xiang Lu, Wei Gao","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2023.2300049","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2023.2300049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass plus a decline in muscle strength and/or reduced physical performance with advancing age. The results of current studies on the relationship between drinking and sarcopenia remain controversial.<i>Objectives:</i> The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association of alcohol consumption with the risk of sarcopenia.<i>Methods:</i> Systematic searches were conducted without language restrictions from the beginning of each database to September 20, 2023 on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, Chinese BioMedical Literature, and China national knowledge infrastructure databases. Meta-analysis was conducted to pool the study-specific odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI).<i>Results:</i> Sixty-two studies with 454,643 participants were enrolled. The meta-analysis of proportions revealed that alcohol consumption was not associated with the presence of sarcopenia, with a pooled OR of 0.964 (95% CI = 0.912-1.019). Further subgroup analysis indicated that alcohol consumption was correlated with lower risk of sarcopenia in men (OR = 0.763; 95% CI = 0.622-0.938; <i>P</i> = .010). The nonlinear dose-response analysis suggested a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption and the risk of sarcopenia, with a nadir at the amounts of alcohol consumption of 6.6 grams/day (OR = 0.765; 95% CI = 0.608-0.957; <i>P</i> < .05).<i>Conclusions:</i> The results of this meta-analysis indicate that alcohol consumption is not a risk factor for the development of sarcopenia. Any suggestion of a putative protective effect of alcohol should be treated with caution, particularly in light of the overall lack of relationship reported in the present comprehensive meta-analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139486576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03Epub Date: 2024-05-20DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2335979
Christopher Cappelli, James Russell Pike, Bin Xie, Alyssa Jenna Michaels, Alan W Stacy
Background: Past year, month, and lifetime adolescent e-cigarette use rates remain persistently high, despite falling cigarette use rates. Previous investigations have noted a strong relationship between an individual's positive and negative cognitions related to a behavior, and subsequent initiation of that behavior.Objective: This investigation was conducted to determine the impact positive and negative explicit and implicit cigarette-related cognitions may have on the use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among at-risk, cigarette-naive adolescents.Methods: A three-year longitudinal investigation evaluated the relationship between cigarette-related cognitions and subsequent cigarette and e-cigarette use among 586 alternative high school students (female: 50.8%; mean age: 17.4 years; Hispanic/Latino: 75.0%) who had never smoked cigarettes at the baseline assessment. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to generate demographics-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results: Students with higher positive explicit cigarette cognitions at the baseline had greater odds of subsequent cigarette use (OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.11-2.68). If students also reported an increase over time in positive (OR = 3.45, 95% CI 2.10-5.68) or negative (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.03-3.61) explicit cigarette cognitions, the odds of cigarette use increased. The odds of dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes were greater among students who had higher negative implicit cigarette cognitions at the baseline (OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.03-4.17) compared to those with lower levels of negative implicit cognitions.Conclusion: Prevention programming that focuses on decreasing positive cognitions related to nicotine and tobacco use may have greater overall effect on decreasing use compared to programs that only focus on increasing negative cognitions individuals form surrounding cigarette or e-cigarettes.
背景:尽管卷烟使用率有所下降,但青少年在过去一年、一个月和一生中的电子烟使用率仍然居高不下。以前的调查指出,个人对某一行为的积极和消极认知与随后开始该行为之间存在密切关系:本调查旨在确定与香烟相关的积极和消极的显性和隐性认知对高危、未吸食过香烟的青少年使用香烟和电子烟的影响:一项为期三年的纵向调查评估了香烟相关认知与随后香烟和电子烟使用之间的关系,调查对象是基线评估时从未吸过烟的 586 名高中生(女性:50.8%;平均年龄:17.4 岁;西班牙裔/拉丁裔:75.0%)。研究采用多层次逻辑回归模型得出人口统计学调整后的几率比(OR)和 95% 置信区间(95% CI):基线时对香烟有较高积极明确认知的学生随后吸烟的几率更大(OR = 1.72,95% CI 1.11-2.68)。如果学生的积极(OR = 3.45,95% CI 2.10-5.68)或消极(OR = 1.93,95% CI 1.03-3.61)显性香烟认知随时间推移有所增加,则使用香烟的几率也会增加。与负性隐性认知水平较低的学生相比,基线负性隐性香烟认知水平较高的学生同时使用香烟和电子烟的几率更大(OR = 2.07,95% CI 1.03-4.17):结论:与只注重增加个人对香烟或电子烟的负面认知的项目相比,注重减少与尼古丁和烟草使用相关的积极认知的预防项目可能会对减少烟草使用产生更大的整体影响。
{"title":"Adolescent's explicit and implicit cigarette cognitions predict experimentation with both cigarettes and e-cigarettes.","authors":"Christopher Cappelli, James Russell Pike, Bin Xie, Alyssa Jenna Michaels, Alan W Stacy","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2335979","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2335979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Past year, month, and lifetime adolescent e-cigarette use rates remain persistently high, despite falling cigarette use rates. Previous investigations have noted a strong relationship between an individual's positive and negative cognitions related to a behavior, and subsequent initiation of that behavior.<i>Objective:</i> This investigation was conducted to determine the impact positive and negative explicit and implicit cigarette-related cognitions may have on the use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among at-risk, cigarette-naive adolescents.<i>Methods:</i> A three-year longitudinal investigation evaluated the relationship between cigarette-related cognitions and subsequent cigarette and e-cigarette use among 586 alternative high school students (female: 50.8%; mean age: 17.4 years; Hispanic/Latino: 75.0%) who had never smoked cigarettes at the baseline assessment. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to generate demographics-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).<i>Results:</i> Students with higher positive explicit cigarette cognitions at the baseline had greater odds of subsequent cigarette use (OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.11-2.68). If students also reported an increase over time in positive (OR = 3.45, 95% CI 2.10-5.68) or negative (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.03-3.61) explicit cigarette cognitions, the odds of cigarette use increased. The odds of dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes were greater among students who had higher negative implicit cigarette cognitions at the baseline (OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.03-4.17) compared to those with lower levels of negative implicit cognitions.<i>Conclusion:</i> Prevention programming that focuses on decreasing positive cognitions related to nicotine and tobacco use may have greater overall effect on decreasing use compared to programs that only focus on increasing negative cognitions individuals form surrounding cigarette or e-cigarettes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2321872
Elizabeth Mostofsky, Julie E Buring, Kenneth J Mukamal
Background: There is a yet unmet opportunity to utilize data on taxes and individual behaviors to yield insight for analyzing studies involving alcohol and cigarette use.Objectives: To inform the direction and strength of their mutual associations by leveraging the fact that taxation can affect individual consumption, but individual consumption cannot affect taxation.Methods: We linked state-level data on cigarette and beer taxes in 2009-2020 with individual-level data on self-reported current cigarette and alcohol use from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a telephone survey by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that is representative of the population of each state in the United States. We constructed linear and logistic models to examine associations between a $1 increase in cigarette taxes per pack and a $1 increase in beer taxes per gallon and self-reported cigarette use and alcohol consumption (assessed as any current intake, average drinks/day, heavy drinking, and binge drinking), adjusting for survey year and individual characteristics.Results: Among 2,968,839,352 respondents (49% male), a $1 increase in beer taxes was associated with .003 (95% confidence interval [CI] -.013, .008) fewer drinks/day and lower odds of any drinking (odds ratio [OR] = .81 95%CI .80, .83), heavy drinking (OR = .96 95%CI .93, .99), binge drinking (OR = .82 95%CI .80, .83), and smoking (OR = .98 95%CI .96, 1.00). In contrast, a $1 increase in cigarette taxes was associated with lower odds of smoking (OR = .94 95%CI .94, .95) but .007 (95%CI .005, .010) more drinks/day, and higher odds of any drinking (OR = 1.10 95%CI 1.10, 1.11), heavy drinking (OR = 1.02 95%CI 1.01, 1.02), and binge drinking (OR = .82 95%CI .80, .83).Conclusion: Higher beer taxes were associated with lower odds of drinking and smoking, but higher cigarette taxes were associated with lower odds of smoking and higher alcohol consumption. These results suggest that alcohol intake may be a determinant of cigarette use rather than cigarette use as a determinant of alcohol intake.
{"title":"Beer taxes associate with lower alcohol and cigarette use; cigarette taxes associate with lower cigarette but higher alcohol use.","authors":"Elizabeth Mostofsky, Julie E Buring, Kenneth J Mukamal","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2321872","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2321872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> There is a yet unmet opportunity to utilize data on taxes and individual behaviors to yield insight for analyzing studies involving alcohol and cigarette use.<i>Objectives:</i> To inform the direction and strength of their mutual associations by leveraging the fact that taxation can affect individual consumption, but individual consumption cannot affect taxation.<i>Methods:</i> We linked state-level data on cigarette and beer taxes in 2009-2020 with individual-level data on self-reported current cigarette and alcohol use from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a telephone survey by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that is representative of the population of each state in the United States. We constructed linear and logistic models to examine associations between a $1 increase in cigarette taxes per pack and a $1 increase in beer taxes per gallon and self-reported cigarette use and alcohol consumption (assessed as any current intake, average drinks/day, heavy drinking, and binge drinking), adjusting for survey year and individual characteristics.<i>Results:</i> Among 2,968,839,352 respondents (49% male), a $1 increase in beer taxes was associated with .003 (95% confidence interval [CI] -.013, .008) fewer drinks/day and lower odds of any drinking (odds ratio [OR] = .81 95%CI .80, .83), heavy drinking (OR = .96 95%CI .93, .99), binge drinking (OR = .82 95%CI .80, .83), and smoking (OR = .98 95%CI .96, 1.00). In contrast, a $1 increase in cigarette taxes was associated with lower odds of smoking (OR = .94 95%CI .94, .95) but .007 (95%CI .005, .010) more drinks/day, and higher odds of any drinking (OR = 1.10 95%CI 1.10, 1.11), heavy drinking (OR = 1.02 95%CI 1.01, 1.02), and binge drinking (OR = .82 95%CI .80, .83).<i>Conclusion:</i> Higher beer taxes were associated with lower odds of drinking and smoking, but higher cigarette taxes were associated with lower odds of smoking and higher alcohol consumption. These results suggest that alcohol intake may be a determinant of cigarette use rather than cigarette use as a determinant of alcohol intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140865841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03Epub Date: 2024-06-28DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2364338
Alexandra Skinner, Shayla Nolen, Magdalena Cerdá, Josiah D Rich, Brandon D L Marshall
As resolution for opioid-related claims and litigation against pharmaceutical manufacturers and other stakeholders, state and local governments are newly eligible for millions of dollars of settlement funding to address the overdose crisis in the United States. To inform effective use of opioid settlement funds, we propose a simple framework that highlights the principal determinants of overdose mortality: the number of people at risk of overdose each year, the average annual number of overdoses per person at risk, and the average probability of death per overdose event. We assert that the annual number of overdose deaths is a function of these three determinants, all of which can be modified through public health intervention. Our proposed heuristic depicts how each of these drivers of drug-related mortality - and the corresponding interventions designed to address each term - operate both in isolation and in conjunction. We intend for this framework to be used by policymakers as a tool for identifying and evaluating public health interventions and funding priorities that will most effectively address the structural forces shaping the overdose crisis and reduce overdose deaths.
{"title":"A simple heuristic for allocating opioid settlement funding to reduce overdose mortality in the United States.","authors":"Alexandra Skinner, Shayla Nolen, Magdalena Cerdá, Josiah D Rich, Brandon D L Marshall","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2364338","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2364338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As resolution for opioid-related claims and litigation against pharmaceutical manufacturers and other stakeholders, state and local governments are newly eligible for millions of dollars of settlement funding to address the overdose crisis in the United States. To inform effective use of opioid settlement funds, we propose a simple framework that highlights the principal determinants of overdose mortality: the number of people at risk of overdose each year, the average annual number of overdoses per person at risk, and the average probability of death per overdose event. We assert that the annual number of overdose deaths is a function of these three determinants, all of which can be modified through public health intervention. Our proposed heuristic depicts how each of these drivers of drug-related mortality - and the corresponding interventions designed to address each term - operate both in isolation and in conjunction. We intend for this framework to be used by policymakers as a tool for identifying and evaluating public health interventions and funding priorities that will most effectively address the structural forces shaping the overdose crisis and reduce overdose deaths.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11305910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-03Epub Date: 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2309648
Marc Galanter, William L White, Brooke Hunter, Jag Khalsa
Background: A Zoom-based website was developed in 2020 that offers continuous access to online Narcotics Anonymous (NA) meetings for the first time. This website provides immediate access for persons with substance use disorder to support abstinence from substance-related addictive disorders.Objectives: This study is designed to characterize attendees employing this online format; to evaluate their experiences for gaining support to maintain abstinence; and to compare the 24/7 experience to face-to-face (FF) meetings they attend.Methods: An anonymous 33-item survey was made available on the 24/7 NA website that links to the 24/7 meetings. Persons accessing the site could choose to fill out the survey.Results: 530 respondents completed the survey (64.9% female/35.1% male). Most had stable prior involvement in NA. They had attended more 24/7 meetings (14.9, SD 19.7) than FF meetings (4.6, SD 7.8) in the previous month. 86% had previously attended FF meetings, 48% had served as sponsors, and 92% reported that the 24/7 meetings were more comfortable for them than the FF meetings (p < .001, Cohen's d = 0.65) and more supportive of abstinence (p < .001, Cohen's d = 0.91). Of the respondents, 8% were still using drugs, of whom 52% had previously completed some of the Twelve Steps.Conclusions: The 24/7 format provides a new and easily accessible way for NA members to gain support for abstinence and is positively rated by attendees seeking support for recovery from substance use disorders. It may serve as a valuable adjunct to the traditional FF format.
背景:2020 年开发了一个基于 Zoom 的网站,该网站首次提供了持续访问在线匿名戒毒服务机构(NA)会议的途径。该网站为药物使用障碍患者提供即时访问,帮助他们戒除与药物相关的成瘾性障碍:本研究旨在了解采用这种在线形式的参加者的特点;评估他们获得支持以保持戒酒的经历;并将全天候的经历与他们参加的面对面(FF)会议进行比较:方法:在 24/7 NA 网站上提供了一个包含 33 个项目的匿名调查,该网站链接到 24/7 会议。访问网站的人可以选择填写调查问卷:530名受访者完成了调查(64.9%为女性,35.1%为男性)。大多数人之前都有稳定的戒酒经历。在过去的一个月中,他们参加的全天候会议(14.9 次,标准差 19.7 次)多于自由论坛会议(4.6 次,标准差 7.8 次)。86% 的人曾参加过 FF 会议,48% 的人曾担任过赞助人,92% 的人表示全天候会议比 FF 会议更适合他们(P p 结论):全天候形式为 NA 成员提供了一种新的、易于获得的方式来获得戒酒支持,并得到了寻求药物使用障碍康复支持的与会者的积极评价。它可以作为传统 FF 形式的重要辅助手段。
{"title":"Internet-based, continuously available Narcotics Anonymous meetings: a new resource for access to Twelve Step support for abstinence.","authors":"Marc Galanter, William L White, Brooke Hunter, Jag Khalsa","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2309648","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2309648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> A Zoom-based website was developed in 2020 that offers continuous access to online Narcotics Anonymous (NA) meetings for the first time. This website provides immediate access for persons with substance use disorder to support abstinence from substance-related addictive disorders.<i>Objectives:</i> This study is designed to characterize attendees employing this online format; to evaluate their experiences for gaining support to maintain abstinence; and to compare the 24/7 experience to face-to-face (FF) meetings they attend.<i>Methods:</i> An anonymous 33-item survey was made available on the 24/7 NA website that links to the 24/7 meetings. Persons accessing the site could choose to fill out the survey.<i>Results:</i> 530 respondents completed the survey (64.9% female/35.1% male). Most had stable prior involvement in NA. They had attended more 24/7 meetings (14.9, SD 19.7) than FF meetings (4.6, SD 7.8) in the previous month. 86% had previously attended FF meetings, 48% had served as sponsors, and 92% reported that the 24/7 meetings were more comfortable for them than the FF meetings (<i>p</i> < .001, Cohen's d = 0.65) and more supportive of abstinence (<i>p</i> < .001, Cohen's d = 0.91). Of the respondents, 8% were still using drugs, of whom 52% had previously completed some of the Twelve Steps.<i>Conclusions:</i> The 24/7 format provides a new and easily accessible way for NA members to gain support for abstinence and is positively rated by attendees seeking support for recovery from substance use disorders. It may serve as a valuable adjunct to the traditional FF format.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}