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Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for alcohol use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis update. 社会心理干预对酒精使用障碍的疗效:系统综述和荟萃分析更新。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-07-03 Epub Date: 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2350056
Abhishek Ghosh, Nirvana Morgan, Tanya Calvey, Florian Scheibein, Ioannis Angelakis, Maria Panagioti, Marica Ferri, Dzmitry Krupchanka

Background: Given the accumulating research, evolving psychosocial treatment, and equivocal findings, updating WHO's Mental Health Gap Action Programme-2015 was necessary to ensure guidelines reflect effective strategies for alcohol use disorder (AUD).Objective: To estimate the effects of psychosocial interventions on drinking and related outcomes.Methods: We included randomized controlled trials published between January 2015 and June 2022 on adults with alcohol dependence (ICD 10/DSM-IV) and moderate to severe AUD (DSM-5), and those examined psychosocial interventions against treatment-as-usual (TAU) and active controls. Eight databases and registries were searched. Relative Risk (RR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) were used for dichotomous and continuous outcomes. We used Cochrane's risk of bias assessment (RoB2).Results: Of 873 screened records, 14 and 13 studies in the narrative synthesis and meta-analysis. Of the 2,575 participants, 71.5% were men. Thirteen studies used ICD 10/DSM IV diagnosis. Compared to TAU, any psychosocial intervention increased the relative risk of abstinence by 28% [N = 7, RR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.53, p = .01, NNT = 9]. There were minimal heterogeneity and no evidence of publication bias. Psychosocial interventions were not effective in reducing the drinking frequency (n = 2, Hedge's g = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.46 to 0.26, p = .57) and drinks/drinking days (N = 5, g = -0.10, 95% CI: -0.37 to 0.16, p = .43). Treatment discontinuation did not differ between intervention and control groups [RR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.66 to 1.80].Conclusion: Psychosocial interventions are effective in improving abstinence but not in reducing drinking frequency or amount. Policymakers must consider this evidence to generate AUD treatment guidelines.Registration: PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022342608.

背景:鉴于研究的不断积累、社会心理治疗的不断发展以及研究结果的模棱两可,有必要更新世界卫生组织的《心理健康差距行动方案-2015》,以确保指南反映出针对酒精使用障碍(AUD)的有效策略:估计心理干预对饮酒及相关结果的影响:我们纳入了 2015 年 1 月至 2022 年 6 月间发表的关于成人酒精依赖(ICD 10/DSM-IV)和中度至重度 AUD(DSM-5)的随机对照试验,这些试验研究了心理干预与常规治疗(TAU)和积极对照的对比情况。对八个数据库和登记处进行了检索。相对风险(RR)和标准化平均差(SMD)用于二分法和连续法结果。我们使用了 Cochrane 的偏倚风险评估(RoB2):在筛选出的 873 条记录中,有 14 项和 13 项研究被纳入叙事综合和荟萃分析。在 2,575 名参与者中,71.5% 为男性。13项研究使用了ICD 10/DSM IV诊断。与TAU相比,任何社会心理干预都能将戒断的相对风险提高28% [N = 7, RR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.53, p = .01, NNT = 9]。异质性极小,没有证据表明存在发表偏倚。心理干预对减少饮酒频率(N = 2,Hedge's g = -0.10,95% CI:-0.46 至 0.26,p = .57)和饮酒/饮酒天数(N = 5,g = -0.10,95% CI:-0.37 至 0.16,p = .43)无效。干预组和对照组的治疗中止率没有差异[RR = 1.09,95% CI:0.66 至 1.80]:结论:心理干预对提高戒酒率有效,但对减少饮酒频率或饮酒量无效。决策者在制定 AUD 治疗指南时必须考虑这些证据:ProCOMPRO 2022 CRD42022342608.
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引用次数: 0
Feasibility and effectiveness of extended-release buprenorphine (XR-BUP) among correctional populations: a systematic review. 缓释丁丙诺啡(XR-BUP)在教养人群中的可行性和有效性:系统综述。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2360984
Cayley Russell, Tony P George, Nitin Chopra, Bernard Le Foll, Flora I Matheson, Jürgen Rehm, Shannon Lange

Background: Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) reduce risks for overdose among correctional populations. Among other barriers, daily dosing requirements hinder treatment continuity post-release. Extended-release buprenorphine (XR-BUP) may therefore be beneficial. However, limited evidence exists.Objectives: To conduct a systematic review examining the feasibility and effectiveness of XR-BUP among correctional populations.Methods: Searches were carried out in Pubmed, Embase, and PsychINFO in October 2023. Ten studies reporting on feasibility or effectiveness of XR-BUP were included, representing n = 819 total individuals (81.6% male). Data were extracted and narratively reported under the following main outcomes: 1) Feasibility; 2) Effectiveness; and 3) Barriers and Facilitators.Results: Studies were heterogeneous. Correctional populations were two times readier to try XR-BUP compared to non-correctional populations. XR-BUP was feasible and safe, with no diversion, overdoses, or deaths; several negative side effects were reported. Compared to other MOUD, XR-BUP significantly reduced drug use, resulted in similar or higher treatment retention rates, fewer re-incarcerations, and was cost-beneficial, with a lower overall monthly/yearly cost. Barriers to XR-BUP, such as side effects and a fear of needles, as well as facilitators, such as a lowered risk of opioid relapse, were also identified.Conclusion: XR-BUP appears to be a feasible and potentially effective alternative treatment option for correctional populations with OUD. XR-BUP may reduce community release-related risks, such as opioid use and overdose risk, as well as barriers to treatment retention. Efforts to expand access to and uptake of XR-BUP among correctional populations are warranted.

背景:治疗阿片类药物使用障碍(MOUD)的药物可降低矫治人群用药过量的风险。除其他障碍外,每日服药的要求阻碍了释放后治疗的连续性。因此,缓释丁丙诺啡(XR-BUP)可能是有益的。然而,现有证据有限:对 XR-BUP 在矫正人群中的可行性和有效性进行系统回顾:方法:于 2023 年 10 月在 Pubmed、Embase 和 PsychINFO 中进行检索。共纳入了 10 项报告 XR-BUP 可行性或有效性的研究,代表了 n = 819 人(81.6% 为男性)。提取的数据按以下主要结果进行叙述性报告:1)可行性;2)有效性;3)障碍和促进因素:研究结果各不相同。与非教养人群相比,教养人群更愿意尝试 XR-BUP 的比例是非教养人群的两倍。XR-BUP 既可行又安全,没有出现转用、过量或死亡的情况;但也有一些负面副作用的报道。与其他 MOUD 相比,XR-BUP 能显著减少毒品使用,使治疗保持率相近或更高、重新入狱人数更少,而且成本效益高,每月/每年的总费用更低。研究还发现了XR-BUP的障碍(如副作用和对针头的恐惧)和促进因素(如降低阿片类药物复吸风险):结论:XR-BUP 似乎是针对患有 OUD 的教养人群的一种可行且潜在有效的替代治疗方案。XR-BUP可降低与社区释放相关的风险,如阿片类药物的使用和过量风险,以及继续治疗的障碍。有必要努力扩大XR-BUP在矫治人群中的使用和接受范围。
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引用次数: 0
Withdrawal interference scale: a novel measure of withdrawal-related life disruption in opioid use disorder and alcohol use disorder. 戒断干扰量表:阿片类药物使用障碍和酒精使用障碍患者戒断相关生活干扰的新型测量方法。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2350057
Orman Trent Hall, Tommy Gunawan, Julie Teater, Craig Bryan, Stephanie Gorka, Vijay A Ramchandani

Background: Hyperkatifeia describes amplified emotional and motivational withdrawal due to addiction-related sensitization of brain-stress-systems. Hyperkatifeia has been proposed as a target for addiction treatment development. However, translation of basic research in this area will require new tools designed to measure hyperkatifeia and related phenomena outside of laboratory settings.Objectives: We define a novel concept, withdrawal interference, and introduce a new tool - the Withdrawal Interference Scale (WIS) - which measures the impact of withdrawal on daily life among individuals with OUD or AUD.Methods: Described are the combined results of three separate cross-sectional studies. The structural validity, convergent validity, construct validity, trans-diagnostic (AUD/OUD) configural, metric, and scalar invariance, internal consistency, and composite reliability of WIS was tested among three independent samples of 1) treatment-seeking adults with OUD (n = 132), 2) treatment-seeking adults with AUD (n = 123), and 3) non-treatment-seeking adults with OUD (n = 140). Males numbered 218 and females were 163.Results: WIS exhibited structural validity (1 factor), convergent validity (average variance extracted .670-.676), construct validity, trans-diagnostic configural (χ2/df = 2.10), metric (Δχ2 = 5.70, p = .681), and scalar invariance (Δχ2 = 12.34, p = .338), internal consistency (α .882-928), and composite reliability (.924-.925).Conclusion: These results suggest WIS is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring withdrawal-related life disruption in AUD and OUD. Further, given our findings of transdiagnostic measurement invariance, WIS scores of individuals with AUD and OUD can be meaningfully compared in future statistical analyses.

背景:过度戒断(Hyperkatifeia)描述的是由于与成瘾相关的大脑应激系统敏感化而导致的情绪和动机戒断。有人建议将超激戒断作为成瘾治疗发展的目标。然而,要将这一领域的基础研究成果转化为现实,就需要设计新的工具,以便在实验室环境之外测量过度戒断和相关现象:我们定义了一个新概念--戒断干扰,并引入了一种新工具--戒断干扰量表(WIS),用于测量戒断对 OUD 或 AUD 患者日常生活的影响:方法:描述了三项独立横断面研究的综合结果。在三个独立样本中测试了WIS的结构效度、收敛效度、构造效度、跨诊断(AUD/OUD)配置效度、度量效度和标度不变性、内部一致性和综合信度,这三个独立样本分别是:1)寻求治疗的成人OUD患者(n = 132);2)寻求治疗的成人AUD患者(n = 123);3)未寻求治疗的成人OUD患者(n = 140)。男性 218 人,女性 163 人:结果显示:WIS 具有结构效度(1 个因子)、收敛效度(平均方差提取率 .670-.676)、建构效度、跨诊断配置效度(χ2/df = 2.10)、度量(Δχ2 = 5.70,p = .681)和标度不变性(Δχ2 = 12.34,p = .338)、内部一致性(α .882-928)和综合信度(.924-.925):这些结果表明,WIS 是一种有效且可靠的工具,可用于测量 AUD 和 OUD 中与戒断相关的生活干扰。此外,鉴于我们发现的跨诊断测量不变量,在未来的统计分析中,可以对AUD和OUD患者的WIS得分进行有意义的比较。
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引用次数: 0
Quantitative and qualitative outcomes associated with inpatient addiction consultation: a scoping review. 与住院病人成瘾咨询相关的定量和定性结果:范围综述。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2350696
Laura Rodger, Jeremy Cygler, Andrew Pinto

Background: Rates of acute care use, including hospital admission and readmission, are high for people who misuse substances. Hospitalization provides a valuable opportunity for intervention, but addiction treatment is often not addressed in the inpatient setting. Addiction consult services are a novel intervention intended to change hospital practices.Objectives: Comprehensively summarize outcomes (quantitative and qualitative) associated with inpatient addiction consult services.Methods: English-language searches of: Medline, CINAHL, Embase, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, PsychInfo and Google Scholar were conducted from 2000 to November 2022. Studies reporting outcomes associated with addiction specialist consultation in the hospital setting were included. Four independent reviewers screened abstracts, and three reviewers screened full-text articles.Results: A total of 1,113 results underwent title and abstract screening and 43 studies were included. Outcomes associated with addiction specialist consultation were heterogeneous. Quantitative clinical outcomes focused on pharmacotherapy, healthcare utilization, and outpatient follow-up. Consultation improved rates of pharmacotherapy use, but had inconsistent effects on health care use, and overall follow-up rates were low. Consultation was associated with reduced overdose rates and 90-day mortality. Additional outcomes related to medical learners' educational achievements and qualitative results described positive effects on trainees, healthcare providers, and patients seen by specialized consult services. Access to dedicated providers improved experiences in hospitals for both people who misuse substances and their healthcare providers.Conclusion: Addiction specialist consultations are related to several clinical metrics, but some outcomes (e.g. pharmacotherapy initiation) may be more amenable to intervention than others (healthcare utilization). Qualitative findings provide important context for quantitative clinical results.

背景:滥用药物者使用急症护理(包括入院和再次入院)的比率很高。住院治疗为干预措施提供了宝贵的机会,但在住院环境中,成瘾治疗往往得不到重视。成瘾咨询服务是一种新型干预措施,旨在改变医院的做法:全面总结与住院病人成瘾咨询服务相关的结果(定量和定性):方法:以英语检索从 2000 年到 2022 年 11 月,对 Medline、CINAHL、Embase、The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews、PubMed、PsychInfo 和 Google Scholar 进行了英文检索。纳入了报告医院环境中成瘾专家会诊相关结果的研究。四位独立审稿人筛选了摘要,三位审稿人筛选了全文:共有 1,113 项结果经过了标题和摘要筛选,43 项研究被纳入其中。与成瘾专家咨询相关的结果各不相同。定量临床结果主要集中在药物治疗、医疗保健利用率和门诊随访方面。咨询提高了药物治疗的使用率,但对医疗保健使用的影响不一致,总体随访率较低。咨询与用药过量率和 90 天死亡率的降低有关。与医学学员的教育成果相关的其他成果和定性结果表明,专业咨询服务对学员、医疗服务提供者和就诊患者产生了积极影响。对于滥用药物者及其医疗服务提供者而言,获得专门的医疗服务可改善他们在医院的就医体验:瘾癖专家会诊与多项临床指标相关,但某些结果(如药物治疗的启动)可能比其他结果(医疗服务的利用率)更适于干预。定性研究结果为定量临床结果提供了重要依据。
{"title":"Quantitative and qualitative outcomes associated with inpatient addiction consultation: a scoping review.","authors":"Laura Rodger, Jeremy Cygler, Andrew Pinto","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2350696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2024.2350696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Rates of acute care use, including hospital admission and readmission, are high for people who misuse substances. Hospitalization provides a valuable opportunity for intervention, but addiction treatment is often not addressed in the inpatient setting. Addiction consult services are a novel intervention intended to change hospital practices.<i>Objectives:</i> Comprehensively summarize outcomes (quantitative and qualitative) associated with inpatient addiction consult services.<i>Methods:</i> English-language searches of: Medline, CINAHL, Embase, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, PsychInfo and Google Scholar were conducted from 2000 to November 2022. Studies reporting outcomes associated with addiction specialist consultation in the hospital setting were included. Four independent reviewers screened abstracts, and three reviewers screened full-text articles.<i>Results:</i> A total of 1,113 results underwent title and abstract screening and 43 studies were included. Outcomes associated with addiction specialist consultation were heterogeneous. Quantitative clinical outcomes focused on pharmacotherapy, healthcare utilization, and outpatient follow-up. Consultation improved rates of pharmacotherapy use, but had inconsistent effects on health care use, and overall follow-up rates were low. Consultation was associated with reduced overdose rates and 90-day mortality. Additional outcomes related to medical learners' educational achievements and qualitative results described positive effects on trainees, healthcare providers, and patients seen by specialized consult services. Access to dedicated providers improved experiences in hospitals for both people who misuse substances and their healthcare providers.<i>Conclusion:</i> Addiction specialist consultations are related to several clinical metrics, but some outcomes (e.g. pharmacotherapy initiation) may be more amenable to intervention than others (healthcare utilization). Qualitative findings provide important context for quantitative clinical results.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Treatment of ketamine use disorder with combined gabapentin and topiramate: two case reports. 用加巴喷丁和托吡酯联合治疗氯胺酮使用障碍:两份病例报告。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-03 Epub Date: 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2353649
Jocelyn Lee, Nitin Chopra, Tianna Costa, Tony P George
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引用次数: 0
The association of alcohol consumption with the risk of sarcopenia: a dose-response meta-analysis. 饮酒与肌肉疏松症风险的关系:剂量反应荟萃分析。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-03 Epub Date: 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2300049
Yun-Ling Bu, Cao Wang, Can Zhao, Xiang Lu, Wei Gao

Background: Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass plus a decline in muscle strength and/or reduced physical performance with advancing age. The results of current studies on the relationship between drinking and sarcopenia remain controversial.Objectives: The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association of alcohol consumption with the risk of sarcopenia.Methods: Systematic searches were conducted without language restrictions from the beginning of each database to September 20, 2023 on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, Chinese BioMedical Literature, and China national knowledge infrastructure databases. Meta-analysis was conducted to pool the study-specific odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: Sixty-two studies with 454,643 participants were enrolled. The meta-analysis of proportions revealed that alcohol consumption was not associated with the presence of sarcopenia, with a pooled OR of 0.964 (95% CI = 0.912-1.019). Further subgroup analysis indicated that alcohol consumption was correlated with lower risk of sarcopenia in men (OR = 0.763; 95% CI = 0.622-0.938; P = .010). The nonlinear dose-response analysis suggested a J-shaped association between alcohol consumption and the risk of sarcopenia, with a nadir at the amounts of alcohol consumption of 6.6 grams/day (OR = 0.765; 95% CI = 0.608-0.957; P < .05).Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis indicate that alcohol consumption is not a risk factor for the development of sarcopenia. Any suggestion of a putative protective effect of alcohol should be treated with caution, particularly in light of the overall lack of relationship reported in the present comprehensive meta-analysis.

背景:肌肉疏松症是指随着年龄的增长,骨骼肌质量逐渐减少,肌力下降和/或体能下降。目前有关饮酒与肌肉疏松症之间关系的研究结果仍存在争议:本荟萃分析旨在评估饮酒与肌肉疏松症风险之间的关系:方法:在PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、万方数据、中国生物医学文献和中国国家知识基础设施数据库中,从每个数据库开始至2023年9月20日进行了无语言限制的系统检索。结果显示,62 项研究的 454 个样本中,有 454 个样本的研究结果与其他研究的结果不一致,其中有 6 项研究的结果与其他研究的结果不一致:结果:共纳入 62 项研究,454 643 人参与。比例荟萃分析表明,饮酒与肌肉疏松症无关,汇总的 OR 值为 0.964(95% CI = 0.912-1.019)。进一步的亚组分析表明,饮酒与男性患肌肉疏松症的风险较低有关(OR = 0.763; 95% CI = 0.622-0.938; P = .010)。非线性剂量-反应分析表明,饮酒量与患肌肉疏松症的风险呈 "J "形关系,在饮酒量为 6.6 克/天时达到最低点(OR = 0.765;95% CI = 0.608-0.957;P 结论:非线性剂量-反应分析表明,饮酒量与患肌肉疏松症的风险呈 "J "形关系,在饮酒量为 6.6 克/天时达到最低点:这项荟萃分析的结果表明,饮酒并不是导致肌肉疏松症的危险因素。任何关于酒精可能具有保护作用的说法都应谨慎对待,尤其是考虑到本综合荟萃分析报告的总体关系并不明显。
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引用次数: 0
Adolescent's explicit and implicit cigarette cognitions predict experimentation with both cigarettes and e-cigarettes. 青少年对香烟的显性和隐性认知可预测对香烟和电子烟的尝试。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-03 Epub Date: 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2335979
Christopher Cappelli, James Russell Pike, Bin Xie, Alyssa Jenna Michaels, Alan W Stacy

Background: Past year, month, and lifetime adolescent e-cigarette use rates remain persistently high, despite falling cigarette use rates. Previous investigations have noted a strong relationship between an individual's positive and negative cognitions related to a behavior, and subsequent initiation of that behavior.Objective: This investigation was conducted to determine the impact positive and negative explicit and implicit cigarette-related cognitions may have on the use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among at-risk, cigarette-naive adolescents.Methods: A three-year longitudinal investigation evaluated the relationship between cigarette-related cognitions and subsequent cigarette and e-cigarette use among 586 alternative high school students (female: 50.8%; mean age: 17.4 years; Hispanic/Latino: 75.0%) who had never smoked cigarettes at the baseline assessment. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to generate demographics-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results: Students with higher positive explicit cigarette cognitions at the baseline had greater odds of subsequent cigarette use (OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.11-2.68). If students also reported an increase over time in positive (OR = 3.45, 95% CI 2.10-5.68) or negative (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.03-3.61) explicit cigarette cognitions, the odds of cigarette use increased. The odds of dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes were greater among students who had higher negative implicit cigarette cognitions at the baseline (OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.03-4.17) compared to those with lower levels of negative implicit cognitions.Conclusion: Prevention programming that focuses on decreasing positive cognitions related to nicotine and tobacco use may have greater overall effect on decreasing use compared to programs that only focus on increasing negative cognitions individuals form surrounding cigarette or e-cigarettes.

背景:尽管卷烟使用率有所下降,但青少年在过去一年、一个月和一生中的电子烟使用率仍然居高不下。以前的调查指出,个人对某一行为的积极和消极认知与随后开始该行为之间存在密切关系:本调查旨在确定与香烟相关的积极和消极的显性和隐性认知对高危、未吸食过香烟的青少年使用香烟和电子烟的影响:一项为期三年的纵向调查评估了香烟相关认知与随后香烟和电子烟使用之间的关系,调查对象是基线评估时从未吸过烟的 586 名高中生(女性:50.8%;平均年龄:17.4 岁;西班牙裔/拉丁裔:75.0%)。研究采用多层次逻辑回归模型得出人口统计学调整后的几率比(OR)和 95% 置信区间(95% CI):基线时对香烟有较高积极明确认知的学生随后吸烟的几率更大(OR = 1.72,95% CI 1.11-2.68)。如果学生的积极(OR = 3.45,95% CI 2.10-5.68)或消极(OR = 1.93,95% CI 1.03-3.61)显性香烟认知随时间推移有所增加,则使用香烟的几率也会增加。与负性隐性认知水平较低的学生相比,基线负性隐性香烟认知水平较高的学生同时使用香烟和电子烟的几率更大(OR = 2.07,95% CI 1.03-4.17):结论:与只注重增加个人对香烟或电子烟的负面认知的项目相比,注重减少与尼古丁和烟草使用相关的积极认知的预防项目可能会对减少烟草使用产生更大的整体影响。
{"title":"Adolescent's explicit and implicit cigarette cognitions predict experimentation with both cigarettes and e-cigarettes.","authors":"Christopher Cappelli, James Russell Pike, Bin Xie, Alyssa Jenna Michaels, Alan W Stacy","doi":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2335979","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00952990.2024.2335979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background:</i> Past year, month, and lifetime adolescent e-cigarette use rates remain persistently high, despite falling cigarette use rates. Previous investigations have noted a strong relationship between an individual's positive and negative cognitions related to a behavior, and subsequent initiation of that behavior.<i>Objective:</i> This investigation was conducted to determine the impact positive and negative explicit and implicit cigarette-related cognitions may have on the use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among at-risk, cigarette-naive adolescents.<i>Methods:</i> A three-year longitudinal investigation evaluated the relationship between cigarette-related cognitions and subsequent cigarette and e-cigarette use among 586 alternative high school students (female: 50.8%; mean age: 17.4 years; Hispanic/Latino: 75.0%) who had never smoked cigarettes at the baseline assessment. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to generate demographics-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).<i>Results:</i> Students with higher positive explicit cigarette cognitions at the baseline had greater odds of subsequent cigarette use (OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.11-2.68). If students also reported an increase over time in positive (OR = 3.45, 95% CI 2.10-5.68) or negative (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.03-3.61) explicit cigarette cognitions, the odds of cigarette use increased. The odds of dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes were greater among students who had higher negative implicit cigarette cognitions at the baseline (OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.03-4.17) compared to those with lower levels of negative implicit cognitions.<i>Conclusion:</i> Prevention programming that focuses on decreasing positive cognitions related to nicotine and tobacco use may have greater overall effect on decreasing use compared to programs that only focus on increasing negative cognitions individuals form surrounding cigarette or e-cigarettes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48957,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beer taxes associate with lower alcohol and cigarette use; cigarette taxes associate with lower cigarette but higher alcohol use. 啤酒税会降低酒精和香烟的使用量;香烟税会降低香烟的使用量,但会提高酒精的使用量。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2321872
Elizabeth Mostofsky, Julie E Buring, Kenneth J Mukamal

Background: There is a yet unmet opportunity to utilize data on taxes and individual behaviors to yield insight for analyzing studies involving alcohol and cigarette use.Objectives: To inform the direction and strength of their mutual associations by leveraging the fact that taxation can affect individual consumption, but individual consumption cannot affect taxation.Methods: We linked state-level data on cigarette and beer taxes in 2009-2020 with individual-level data on self-reported current cigarette and alcohol use from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a telephone survey by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that is representative of the population of each state in the United States. We constructed linear and logistic models to examine associations between a $1 increase in cigarette taxes per pack and a $1 increase in beer taxes per gallon and self-reported cigarette use and alcohol consumption (assessed as any current intake, average drinks/day, heavy drinking, and binge drinking), adjusting for survey year and individual characteristics.Results: Among 2,968,839,352 respondents (49% male), a $1 increase in beer taxes was associated with .003 (95% confidence interval [CI] -.013, .008) fewer drinks/day and lower odds of any drinking (odds ratio [OR] = .81 95%CI .80, .83), heavy drinking (OR = .96 95%CI .93, .99), binge drinking (OR = .82 95%CI .80, .83), and smoking (OR = .98 95%CI .96, 1.00). In contrast, a $1 increase in cigarette taxes was associated with lower odds of smoking (OR = .94 95%CI .94, .95) but .007 (95%CI .005, .010) more drinks/day, and higher odds of any drinking (OR = 1.10 95%CI 1.10, 1.11), heavy drinking (OR = 1.02 95%CI 1.01, 1.02), and binge drinking (OR = .82 95%CI .80, .83).Conclusion: Higher beer taxes were associated with lower odds of drinking and smoking, but higher cigarette taxes were associated with lower odds of smoking and higher alcohol consumption. These results suggest that alcohol intake may be a determinant of cigarette use rather than cigarette use as a determinant of alcohol intake.

背景:利用有关税收和个人行为的数据来深入分析涉及酒精和香烟使用的研究尚有机会:目的:利用税收会影响个人消费,而个人消费不会影响税收这一事实,来了解它们之间相互关联的方向和强度:我们将 2009-2020 年各州的卷烟税和啤酒税数据与行为风险因素监测系统(Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System)中关于当前卷烟和酒精使用情况的个人自我报告数据联系起来,后者是美国疾病控制和预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)对美国各州人口进行的一项代表性电话调查。我们构建了线性模型和逻辑模型来研究每包香烟税增加 1 美元和每加仑啤酒税增加 1 美元与自我报告的香烟使用量和酒精消费量(评估为当前任何摄入量、平均每天饮酒量、大量饮酒量和暴饮)之间的关系,并对调查年份和个人特征进行了调整:在 2,968,839,352 名受访者中(49% 为男性),啤酒税每增加 1 美元,每天的饮酒量就会减少 0.003(95% 置信区间 [CI] -0.013,0.008)杯,任何饮酒(几率比 [OR] = 0.81 95%CI 0.80,0.83)、大量饮酒(OR = 0.96 95%CI 0.93,0.99)、酗酒(OR = 0.82 95%CI 0.80,0.83)和吸烟(OR = 0.98 95%CI 0.96,1.00)的几率就会降低。相比之下,香烟税增加 1 美元与吸烟几率降低(OR = .94 95%CI .94, .95)但每天饮酒量增加 .007 (95%CI .005, .010),以及任何饮酒(OR = 1.10 95%CI 1.10, 1.11)、大量饮酒(OR = 1.02 95%CI 1.01, 1.02)和暴饮暴食(OR = .82 95%CI .80, .83)几率增加有关:结论:较高的啤酒税与较低的饮酒和吸烟几率相关,但较高的香烟税与较低的吸烟几率和较高的酒精消费量相关。这些结果表明,酒精摄入量可能是香烟使用量的决定因素,而不是香烟使用量决定酒精摄入量。
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引用次数: 0
A simple heuristic for allocating opioid settlement funding to reduce overdose mortality in the United States. 一个简单的启发式方法,用于分配解决阿片类药物问题的资金,以降低美国的用药过量死亡率。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-03 Epub Date: 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2364338
Alexandra Skinner, Shayla Nolen, Magdalena Cerdá, Josiah D Rich, Brandon D L Marshall

As resolution for opioid-related claims and litigation against pharmaceutical manufacturers and other stakeholders, state and local governments are newly eligible for millions of dollars of settlement funding to address the overdose crisis in the United States. To inform effective use of opioid settlement funds, we propose a simple framework that highlights the principal determinants of overdose mortality: the number of people at risk of overdose each year, the average annual number of overdoses per person at risk, and the average probability of death per overdose event. We assert that the annual number of overdose deaths is a function of these three determinants, all of which can be modified through public health intervention. Our proposed heuristic depicts how each of these drivers of drug-related mortality - and the corresponding interventions designed to address each term - operate both in isolation and in conjunction. We intend for this framework to be used by policymakers as a tool for identifying and evaluating public health interventions and funding priorities that will most effectively address the structural forces shaping the overdose crisis and reduce overdose deaths.

作为针对制药商和其他利益相关者的阿片类药物相关索赔和诉讼的解决方案,州政府和地方政府新近有资格获得数百万美元的和解资金,以应对美国的用药过量危机。为了有效利用阿片类药物和解基金,我们提出了一个简单的框架,强调用药过量死亡率的主要决定因素:每年面临用药过量风险的人数、每个面临风险的人平均每年用药过量的次数以及每次用药过量事件的平均死亡概率。我们认为,每年吸毒过量死亡人数是这三个决定因素的函数,而所有这些因素都可以通过公共卫生干预加以改变。我们提出的启发式描述了毒品相关死亡率的每个驱动因素,以及为解决每个因素而设计的相应干预措施是如何单独或共同发挥作用的。我们希望政策制定者能将此框架作为一种工具,用于确定和评估公共卫生干预措施和资金优先次序,从而最有效地解决形成用药过量危机的结构性因素并减少用药过量死亡。
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引用次数: 0
Internet-based, continuously available Narcotics Anonymous meetings: a new resource for access to Twelve Step support for abstinence. 基于互联网的、可持续参加的匿名戒毒会:获得十二步戒毒支持的新资源。
IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-03 Epub Date: 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2024.2309648
Marc Galanter, William L White, Brooke Hunter, Jag Khalsa

Background: A Zoom-based website was developed in 2020 that offers continuous access to online Narcotics Anonymous (NA) meetings for the first time. This website provides immediate access for persons with substance use disorder to support abstinence from substance-related addictive disorders.Objectives: This study is designed to characterize attendees employing this online format; to evaluate their experiences for gaining support to maintain abstinence; and to compare the 24/7 experience to face-to-face (FF) meetings they attend.Methods: An anonymous 33-item survey was made available on the 24/7 NA website that links to the 24/7 meetings. Persons accessing the site could choose to fill out the survey.Results: 530 respondents completed the survey (64.9% female/35.1% male). Most had stable prior involvement in NA. They had attended more 24/7 meetings (14.9, SD 19.7) than FF meetings (4.6, SD 7.8) in the previous month. 86% had previously attended FF meetings, 48% had served as sponsors, and 92% reported that the 24/7 meetings were more comfortable for them than the FF meetings (p < .001, Cohen's d = 0.65) and more supportive of abstinence (p < .001, Cohen's d = 0.91). Of the respondents, 8% were still using drugs, of whom 52% had previously completed some of the Twelve Steps.Conclusions: The 24/7 format provides a new and easily accessible way for NA members to gain support for abstinence and is positively rated by attendees seeking support for recovery from substance use disorders. It may serve as a valuable adjunct to the traditional FF format.

背景:2020 年开发了一个基于 Zoom 的网站,该网站首次提供了持续访问在线匿名戒毒服务机构(NA)会议的途径。该网站为药物使用障碍患者提供即时访问,帮助他们戒除与药物相关的成瘾性障碍:本研究旨在了解采用这种在线形式的参加者的特点;评估他们获得支持以保持戒酒的经历;并将全天候的经历与他们参加的面对面(FF)会议进行比较:方法:在 24/7 NA 网站上提供了一个包含 33 个项目的匿名调查,该网站链接到 24/7 会议。访问网站的人可以选择填写调查问卷:530名受访者完成了调查(64.9%为女性,35.1%为男性)。大多数人之前都有稳定的戒酒经历。在过去的一个月中,他们参加的全天候会议(14.9 次,标准差 19.7 次)多于自由论坛会议(4.6 次,标准差 7.8 次)。86% 的人曾参加过 FF 会议,48% 的人曾担任过赞助人,92% 的人表示全天候会议比 FF 会议更适合他们(P p 结论):全天候形式为 NA 成员提供了一种新的、易于获得的方式来获得戒酒支持,并得到了寻求药物使用障碍康复支持的与会者的积极评价。它可以作为传统 FF 形式的重要辅助手段。
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引用次数: 0
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American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
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