Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.18347/hufshis.2023.87.3
Jonghyun Na
Yun Bong-gu was a descendant of a family associated with the Seoin Noron faction, and this trait was distinctly evident in his personal life and relationships. He received his education under Kwon Sang-ha, a former disciple of Song Si-yeol. In the early 18th century, the discourse surrounding Human Nature was initiated by Kwon Sang-ha’s disciples, marking the inception of the first segment of the Horak debate. Yun exhibited the tenets of Horon ideology, which accentuated the impact of one's temperament. This ideological stance laid the groundwork for Yun to emerge as a prominent figure during the latter half of the Horak debate, characterized by intellectual clashes with the Rakron faction. Yun Bong-gu inherited his political position from his predecessor. As his mentor Kwon Sang-ha was a notable representative of the Noron faction, Yun assumed the mantle of the Seoin Noron early in his life. Throughout King Yeongjo's reign, Yun served as a Sallim, representing the Noron Junron. He staunchly adhered to an unwavering stance, advocating for Noron's Sinim Uili principles, which eventually precipitated a profound confrontation with King Yeongjo. Yun's engagements mirrored the prevailing tendencies within the Horon Sanrim, a component of the Noron Junron faction, during the complex political landscape of the Tangpyeong era.
{"title":"A Study on Byeonggye Yun Bong-Gu’s Life, and His Political and Ideological Role","authors":"Jonghyun Na","doi":"10.18347/hufshis.2023.87.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18347/hufshis.2023.87.3","url":null,"abstract":"Yun Bong-gu was a descendant of a family associated with the Seoin Noron faction, and this trait was distinctly evident in his personal life and relationships. He received his education under Kwon Sang-ha, a former disciple of Song Si-yeol. In the early 18th century, the discourse surrounding Human Nature was initiated by Kwon Sang-ha’s disciples, marking the inception of the first segment of the Horak debate. Yun exhibited the tenets of Horon ideology, which accentuated the impact of one's temperament. This ideological stance laid the groundwork for Yun to emerge as a prominent figure during the latter half of the Horak debate, characterized by intellectual clashes with the Rakron faction. Yun Bong-gu inherited his political position from his predecessor. As his mentor Kwon Sang-ha was a notable representative of the Noron faction, Yun assumed the mantle of the Seoin Noron early in his life. Throughout King Yeongjo's reign, Yun served as a Sallim, representing the Noron Junron. He staunchly adhered to an unwavering stance, advocating for Noron's Sinim Uili principles, which eventually precipitated a profound confrontation with King Yeongjo. Yun's engagements mirrored the prevailing tendencies within the Horon Sanrim, a component of the Noron Junron faction, during the complex political landscape of the Tangpyeong era.","PeriodicalId":490667,"journal":{"name":"Yeogsa munhwa yeon'gu","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.18347/hufshis.2023.87.35
Jung Ae Park
The first objective of this paper is to examine the roles played by the Government-General of Joseon, one of the colonial powers, in the process of the Japanese government’s response to the League of Nations’ Commission of Inquiry into Traffic in Women and Children in the East.
On the one hand, the modern state-regulated prostitution system in Japan shows different aspects depending on the time, region, and political characteristics of the region within the sphere of influence called ‘the Empire,’ but existing studies have a tendency to neglect this fact. This negligence intersects with the methods of history denialists who deny the damages caused by ‘state-regulated prostitution’ and ‘comfort women.’ Substantial truths can be concealed amid the ‘authorized ignorance and strategic disregard’ of historical facts.
The second objective of this paper is to reveal that such an attitude, which causes difficulty in discussing the historical character of the state-regulated prostitution system and the ‘comfort women’ system of the Japanese army, is shown by the inquiry of Japan by the League of Nations’ Commission and the response of the Japanese government. In other words, it is a contemplation on how the Commission of Inquiry, the Japanese government, and the Government-General of Joseon invisibilized the colonial state-regulated prostitution system, which was strongly associated with human trafficking even compared with Japan. This paper aims to disclose the fact that while Japan struggled to gain recognition in the international society as a late-starting imperialist nation, it steered away from the human trafficking problem of Japanese colonies from an imperialist point of view.
{"title":"Inquiry of the League of Nations into Traffic in Asian Women and Colonial Joseon: The Response by the Japanese Government and Colony Invisibilization","authors":"Jung Ae Park","doi":"10.18347/hufshis.2023.87.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18347/hufshis.2023.87.35","url":null,"abstract":"The first objective of this paper is to examine the roles played by the Government-General of Joseon, one of the colonial powers, in the process of the Japanese government’s response to the League of Nations’ Commission of Inquiry into Traffic in Women and Children in the East.
 On the one hand, the modern state-regulated prostitution system in Japan shows different aspects depending on the time, region, and political characteristics of the region within the sphere of influence called ‘the Empire,’ but existing studies have a tendency to neglect this fact. This negligence intersects with the methods of history denialists who deny the damages caused by ‘state-regulated prostitution’ and ‘comfort women.’ Substantial truths can be concealed amid the ‘authorized ignorance and strategic disregard’ of historical facts.
 The second objective of this paper is to reveal that such an attitude, which causes difficulty in discussing the historical character of the state-regulated prostitution system and the ‘comfort women’ system of the Japanese army, is shown by the inquiry of Japan by the League of Nations’ Commission and the response of the Japanese government. In other words, it is a contemplation on how the Commission of Inquiry, the Japanese government, and the Government-General of Joseon invisibilized the colonial state-regulated prostitution system, which was strongly associated with human trafficking even compared with Japan. This paper aims to disclose the fact that while Japan struggled to gain recognition in the international society as a late-starting imperialist nation, it steered away from the human trafficking problem of Japanese colonies from an imperialist point of view.","PeriodicalId":490667,"journal":{"name":"Yeogsa munhwa yeon'gu","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.18347/hufshis.2023.87.113
Younghee Lee
There is a need to understand the Devshirme system in order to understand the early development of the Ottoman Empire. The present study first examined the Pencik system before the Devshirme system, which later came into effect during the reign of Mehmed I to supplement the Penjik system. The research was conducted based on the Devshirme law and several historical materials. Mehmed II organized Enderûn Mektebi to educate Devshime children, providing systematic education. The study examined some of Enderûn Mektebi including Hazırlık Saray, Büyük, Küçük Oda, Seferli Koğuşu, Kiler Koğuşu, Hazine Oda, and Has Oda. The Ottoman Empire cultivated elite government officials and soldiers through the Devshirme system.
Some have negative opinions about the Devshirme system, arguing that the draft targeted non-Turk, Christian families and forced them to believe Islamism. The study looked into the legal issues of Devshirme system in relation to their arguments. The Ottoman Empire accepted non-Turk, Christians living in its territory as its members through the Devshirme system, creating a single identity of “Ottoman people” for them. In addition, the empire made use of Devshirme-turned government officials to organize padişah and bring up loyal government officials and soldiers, building a centralized state around padişah. These findings put an emphasis on the Devshirme sistemi to understand the history of Ottoman Empire.
为了了解奥斯曼帝国的早期发展，有必要了解Devshirme系统。本研究首先考察了在Devshirme制度之前的Penjik制度，Devshirme制度后来在穆罕默德一世统治期间生效，以补充Penjik制度。研究的依据是《降世律》和一些史料。穆罕默德二世组织ender n Mektebi教育devshim儿童，提供系统的教育。该研究检查了endern Mektebi的一些地区，包括Hazırlık Saray, b y k, k k Oda, Seferli Koğuşu, Kiler Koğuşu, Hazine Oda和Has Oda。奥斯曼帝国通过Devshirme系统培养精英政府官员和士兵。一些人对Devshirme制度持负面看法，认为该草案针对非土耳其人，基督教家庭，迫使他们相信伊斯兰教。本研究结合他们的论点，探讨了Devshirme制度的法律问题。奥斯曼帝国通过Devshirme系统接受了居住在其领土上的非土耳其基督徒作为其成员，为他们创造了“奥斯曼人”的单一身份。此外，帝国还利用devshirm出身的政府官员组织padi，培养忠诚的政府官员和士兵，以padi为中心建立了一个中央集权的国家。这些发现强调了Devshirme体系对理解奥斯曼帝国历史的重要性。
{"title":"Devshirme Sistem and Enderûn Mektebi in the Ottoman Empire","authors":"Younghee Lee","doi":"10.18347/hufshis.2023.87.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18347/hufshis.2023.87.113","url":null,"abstract":"There is a need to understand the Devshirme system in order to understand the early development of the Ottoman Empire. The present study first examined the Pencik system before the Devshirme system, which later came into effect during the reign of Mehmed I to supplement the Penjik system. The research was conducted based on the Devshirme law and several historical materials. Mehmed II organized Enderûn Mektebi to educate Devshime children, providing systematic education. The study examined some of Enderûn Mektebi including Hazırlık Saray, Büyük, Küçük Oda, Seferli Koğuşu, Kiler Koğuşu, Hazine Oda, and Has Oda. The Ottoman Empire cultivated elite government officials and soldiers through the Devshirme system.
 Some have negative opinions about the Devshirme system, arguing that the draft targeted non-Turk, Christian families and forced them to believe Islamism. The study looked into the legal issues of Devshirme system in relation to their arguments. The Ottoman Empire accepted non-Turk, Christians living in its territory as its members through the Devshirme system, creating a single identity of “Ottoman people” for them. In addition, the empire made use of Devshirme-turned government officials to organize padişah and bring up loyal government officials and soldiers, building a centralized state around padişah. These findings put an emphasis on the Devshirme sistemi to understand the history of Ottoman Empire.","PeriodicalId":490667,"journal":{"name":"Yeogsa munhwa yeon'gu","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.18347/hufshis.2023.87.141
Gi Moon Jung
I tried to investigate to what extent Paul contributed to the gentile mission of early Christianity in this paper. The gentile mission didn't originate with Paul. Judaism, the mother religion of Christianity encouraged Jews to propagate Judaism to the gentiles in some degrees.
It is unclear how the ‘law free mission’ that did not enforce the law on gentiles began. A few Jewish leaders explored the possibility, but Jewish leaders generally opposed it. The Acts of the Apostles vaguely described this. Philip's mission to the Ethiopian eunuch and Peter's mission to Cornelius may have led to the beginning of the mission free from law very early. However, considering that it was a question of whether to force circumcision on gentiles during the Apostolic Conference, it is not clear whether a mission without law was settled before the Apostolic Conference.
Nevertheless the common saying that Paul is the founder of Christianity is true in some sense. He made the principle, “There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus”, as the first rule of his churches. He tried to abolish the discrimination of nations, classes, genders. Therefore his churches were new creations in the ancient world.
{"title":"The Role of Paul in the Mission to Gentiles of Early Christianity","authors":"Gi Moon Jung","doi":"10.18347/hufshis.2023.87.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18347/hufshis.2023.87.141","url":null,"abstract":"I tried to investigate to what extent Paul contributed to the gentile mission of early Christianity in this paper. The gentile mission didn't originate with Paul. Judaism, the mother religion of Christianity encouraged Jews to propagate Judaism to the gentiles in some degrees.
 It is unclear how the ‘law free mission’ that did not enforce the law on gentiles began. A few Jewish leaders explored the possibility, but Jewish leaders generally opposed it. The Acts of the Apostles vaguely described this. Philip's mission to the Ethiopian eunuch and Peter's mission to Cornelius may have led to the beginning of the mission free from law very early. However, considering that it was a question of whether to force circumcision on gentiles during the Apostolic Conference, it is not clear whether a mission without law was settled before the Apostolic Conference.
 Nevertheless the common saying that Paul is the founder of Christianity is true in some sense. He made the principle, “There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus”, as the first rule of his churches. He tried to abolish the discrimination of nations, classes, genders. Therefore his churches were new creations in the ancient world.","PeriodicalId":490667,"journal":{"name":"Yeogsa munhwa yeon'gu","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135992391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.18347/hufshis.2023.87.63
Tae Yoon Kim
As much as Seoul in South Korea, Pyongyang is exposed to many media outlets as the capital of North Korea, and people seem to have clearly different interest in Pyongyang from other cities in North Korea. Then, it arouses our curiosity regarding when researchers started getting interested in Pyongyang and how it was manifested and expanded. To satisfy such curiosity, this study aimed to comprehend and review all the previous studies on Pyongyang, which had been conducted in South Korea since the 1970s, and analyze their characteristics. In particular, by comprehending and investigating all the Pyongyang-related theses, domestic general academic journal articles and domestic professional academic journals, books and reports, published from the 1970s to 2022, this study intended to examine the trend of research on Pyongyang by topic, period and research subject.
Research on Pyongyang was originally conducted as part of the research on cities in North Korea, but it constantly changed in quantity, depending on the political circumstances of South Korea and North Korea. After 2018, however, there appeared a new trend of analyzing Pyongyang from a perspective of area studies. Especially, after Kim Jong-un took power, the emphasis on ‘urban culture’ began to appear on a large scale in North Korean public discourses. At the same time, South Korean researchers showed more academic interest in North Korean urban society, culture and discourses and started conducting more analyses related to the field, and qualitative research improvements are still being made in this field through interdisciplinary research between different academic fields.
For North Korean studies, it is quite restrictive to access related data and even impossible to go on an on-site survey despite the nature of urban studies. Therefore, any research in this field should be conducted with such limitations. Thanks to many researchers’ interest shown and research achievements made so far, researchers are more likely to define how the current Pyongyang has been made and even its physical landscape. It is anticipated that there will be more researchers showing constant interest in this field for an active expansion of research on Pyongyang.
{"title":"The Past and Present of Research on Pyongyang: the Trend of Research on Pyongyang and Suggestions","authors":"Tae Yoon Kim","doi":"10.18347/hufshis.2023.87.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18347/hufshis.2023.87.63","url":null,"abstract":"As much as Seoul in South Korea, Pyongyang is exposed to many media outlets as the capital of North Korea, and people seem to have clearly different interest in Pyongyang from other cities in North Korea. Then, it arouses our curiosity regarding when researchers started getting interested in Pyongyang and how it was manifested and expanded. To satisfy such curiosity, this study aimed to comprehend and review all the previous studies on Pyongyang, which had been conducted in South Korea since the 1970s, and analyze their characteristics. In particular, by comprehending and investigating all the Pyongyang-related theses, domestic general academic journal articles and domestic professional academic journals, books and reports, published from the 1970s to 2022, this study intended to examine the trend of research on Pyongyang by topic, period and research subject.
 Research on Pyongyang was originally conducted as part of the research on cities in North Korea, but it constantly changed in quantity, depending on the political circumstances of South Korea and North Korea. After 2018, however, there appeared a new trend of analyzing Pyongyang from a perspective of area studies. Especially, after Kim Jong-un took power, the emphasis on ‘urban culture’ began to appear on a large scale in North Korean public discourses. At the same time, South Korean researchers showed more academic interest in North Korean urban society, culture and discourses and started conducting more analyses related to the field, and qualitative research improvements are still being made in this field through interdisciplinary research between different academic fields.
 For North Korean studies, it is quite restrictive to access related data and even impossible to go on an on-site survey despite the nature of urban studies. Therefore, any research in this field should be conducted with such limitations. Thanks to many researchers’ interest shown and research achievements made so far, researchers are more likely to define how the current Pyongyang has been made and even its physical landscape. It is anticipated that there will be more researchers showing constant interest in this field for an active expansion of research on Pyongyang.","PeriodicalId":490667,"journal":{"name":"Yeogsa munhwa yeon'gu","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136034644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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