Pub Date : 2023-06-07DOI: 10.5027/andgeov50n2-3461
Mateo D. Monferran, N. Cabaleri, C. Armella, S. Martínez, O. F. Gallego, Iracema A. Zacarías, Hugo G. Barrios Calathaki
At the moment, two freshwater bivalve species were described for the continental Jurassic of Patagonia: Diplodon simplex Morton and Diplodon matildensis Morton from La Matilde Formation of the Santa Cruz province. The Cañadón Asfalto Formation located in Chubut province exhibits a high diverse invertebrate fossil fauna preserved mainly in lacustrine facies, which includes clam shrimps, bivalves, gastropods, ostracods and insects. However, few studies have been carried out on freshwater bivalve of this geological unit. In this work, a morphological description of bivalve assemblage and paleoenvironment analysis from the Cañadón Asfalto Formation was performed. Forty samples were collected from three stratigraphic levels at the Cañadón Asfalto locality. These levels are ash fall tuffs rich in glass particles accumulated in a lacustrine system with development of microbial activity. Morphological analyzes of outline and sizes were performed at each level. Our results showing the smallest-sized association of unionids recorded for the Jurassic time with size ranging from 7.6-11.7 mm long and 5.2-7.6 mm high. The environmental influence of pyroclastic falls could have played an important role in the development of the sizes of populations and shells.
{"title":"Freshwater bivalves and their environmental conditions in a Jurassic lacustrine system (Cañadón Asfalto Formation) from Patagonia, Argentina","authors":"Mateo D. Monferran, N. Cabaleri, C. Armella, S. Martínez, O. F. Gallego, Iracema A. Zacarías, Hugo G. Barrios Calathaki","doi":"10.5027/andgeov50n2-3461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeov50n2-3461","url":null,"abstract":"At the moment, two freshwater bivalve species were described for the continental Jurassic of Patagonia: Diplodon simplex Morton and Diplodon matildensis Morton from La Matilde Formation of the Santa Cruz province. The Cañadón Asfalto Formation located in Chubut province exhibits a high diverse invertebrate fossil fauna preserved mainly in lacustrine facies, which includes clam shrimps, bivalves, gastropods, ostracods and insects. However, few studies have been carried out on freshwater bivalve of this geological unit. In this work, a morphological description of bivalve assemblage and paleoenvironment analysis from the Cañadón Asfalto Formation was performed. Forty samples were collected from three stratigraphic levels at the Cañadón Asfalto locality. These levels are ash fall tuffs rich in glass particles accumulated in a lacustrine system with development of microbial activity. Morphological analyzes of outline and sizes were performed at each level. Our results showing the smallest-sized association of unionids recorded for the Jurassic time with size ranging from 7.6-11.7 mm long and 5.2-7.6 mm high. The environmental influence of pyroclastic falls could have played an important role in the development of the sizes of populations and shells.","PeriodicalId":49108,"journal":{"name":"Andean Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46708637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-07DOI: 10.5027/andgeov50n2-3487
Mariel Ferrari
The present paper aims at the description of two new species of Euthyneura (Heterobranchia: Gastropoda) in the Early Jurassic (early Pliensbachian) marine deposits of the Chubut Basin at southern Patagonia, Argentina. The new species Cossmannina australis nov. sp. and Cylindrobullina caquelensis nov. sp. were found at the Cerro Caquel locality located in the western slope of Sierra de Tecka and río Tecka valley. The new locality yielded the ammonite Eoamaltheus sp. (E. meridianus Hillebrandt Zone, upper part of Ibex Zone to Davoei Zone) which allowed to assign an early Pliensbachian age for the marine deposits at the studied area, providing also new evidence of the oldest record within the Early Jurassic in the Sierra de Tecka region. The new report of Euthyneura in the Chubut Basin extends the palaeobiogeographical distribution of this clade into the southern hemisphere during the earliest Pliensbachian.
本文描述了阿根廷南部巴塔哥尼亚Chubut盆地早侏罗世(早Pliensbachian)海相沉积物中的两个新种Euthyneura (Heterobranchia: Gastropoda)。新种Cossmannina australis 11 . sp.和cydrobullina caquelensis 11 . sp.分别在塞拉德·特卡山脉西坡和río特卡山谷的Cerro Caquel地区发现。新定地发现了菊石Eoamaltheus sp. (E. meridianus Hillebrandt带，Ibex带至daveei带上部)，为研究区海相沉积确定了早Pliensbachian时代，也为Sierra de Tecka地区早侏罗世最古老的记录提供了新的证据。Chubut盆地的Euthyneura的新报告将这一分支的古地理分布扩展到最早的Pliensbachian时期的南半球。
{"title":"First report of Euthyneura (Heterobranchia: Gastropoda) in the Early Jurassic of Southern Patagonia, Argentina","authors":"Mariel Ferrari","doi":"10.5027/andgeov50n2-3487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeov50n2-3487","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper aims at the description of two new species of Euthyneura (Heterobranchia: Gastropoda) in the Early Jurassic (early Pliensbachian) marine deposits of the Chubut Basin at southern Patagonia, Argentina. The new species Cossmannina australis nov. sp. and Cylindrobullina caquelensis nov. sp. were found at the Cerro Caquel locality located in the western slope of Sierra de Tecka and río Tecka valley. The new locality yielded the ammonite Eoamaltheus sp. (E. meridianus Hillebrandt Zone, upper part of Ibex Zone to Davoei Zone) which allowed to assign an early Pliensbachian age for the marine deposits at the studied area, providing also new evidence of the oldest record within the Early Jurassic in the Sierra de Tecka region. The new report of Euthyneura in the Chubut Basin extends the palaeobiogeographical distribution of this clade into the southern hemisphere during the earliest Pliensbachian.","PeriodicalId":49108,"journal":{"name":"Andean Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46175243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-07DOI: 10.5027/andgeov50n2-3494
D. Rodríguez, David John Ward, Jorge Quezada
Late Paleocene elasmobranch findings are reported, along with reinterpretations of some previous taxonomic identifications in two main outcrops around Talcahuano area (Biobío region, Chile), and also delimiting the exposed lithostratigraphic units. Reviewed fossils are among 15 genera, comprising the species Paraorthacodus clarkii, Squalus minor, Squalus orpiensis, Centrophorus sp., Squatina prima, Anomotodon novus, Striatolamia striata, Carcharias spp., Sylvestrilamia teretidens, Odontaspis winkleri, Palaeohypotodus speyeri, Palaeohypotodus rutoti, Isurolamna inflata, Premontreia gilberti, Physogaleus secundus, Palaeogaleus vincenti and Hypolophodon sylvestris. The main elasmobranch assemblage, collected from the San Martín outcrop, indicates deposition in a shallow lower shoreface-uppermost offshore marine environment and warm-temperate water. Moreover, this elasmobranch assemblage constrains the age of Pilpilco Formation into the middle-late Thanetian, which implies a latest Thanetian-early Ypresian age for the overlying Curanilahue Formation and a Danian-early Thanetian hiatus with the underlying Quiriquina Formation.
{"title":"Paleontology and stratigraphic implications of a late Paleocene elasmobranch assemblage in Talcahuano, southcentral Chile","authors":"D. Rodríguez, David John Ward, Jorge Quezada","doi":"10.5027/andgeov50n2-3494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeov50n2-3494","url":null,"abstract":"Late Paleocene elasmobranch findings are reported, along with reinterpretations of some previous taxonomic identifications in two main outcrops around Talcahuano area (Biobío region, Chile), and also delimiting the exposed lithostratigraphic units. Reviewed fossils are among 15 genera, comprising the species Paraorthacodus clarkii, Squalus minor, Squalus orpiensis, Centrophorus sp., Squatina prima, Anomotodon novus, Striatolamia striata, Carcharias spp., Sylvestrilamia teretidens, Odontaspis winkleri, Palaeohypotodus speyeri, Palaeohypotodus rutoti, Isurolamna inflata, Premontreia gilberti, Physogaleus secundus, Palaeogaleus vincenti and Hypolophodon sylvestris. The main elasmobranch assemblage, collected from the San Martín outcrop, indicates deposition in a shallow lower shoreface-uppermost offshore marine environment and warm-temperate water. Moreover, this elasmobranch assemblage constrains the age of Pilpilco Formation into the middle-late Thanetian, which implies a latest Thanetian-early Ypresian age for the overlying Curanilahue Formation and a Danian-early Thanetian hiatus with the underlying Quiriquina Formation.","PeriodicalId":49108,"journal":{"name":"Andean Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48351384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-07DOI: 10.5027/andgeov50n2-3639
J. Dahlquist, Matías M. Morales Cámera, J. Moreno, M. Basei, Priscila S. Zandomeni, Gilmara Santos da Cruz
Previous geochronological data indicate a protracted Devonian magmatic activity developed in the Sierra de San Luis, Sierras Pampeanas of Argentina, with three major crystallization events: 393±3, 384±2, and 377±2 Ma. Previously reported whole-rock Sm-Nd isotopes data define two average distinctive εNdt values: -1.37 and -3.47, and they are consistent with new data presented here. The first signature is assumed for a parental magma with dominant metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) source, whereas the second signature could represent a parental magma derived of a lower continental crust source hybridized with magmas of the first signature. Notably, the new zircon Hf isotopes performed on the same zircon domains that were previously dated, indicate that the contribution of the source was variable over time. In situ Hf in zircon is relevant to evaluate the compositional evolution of the Devonian granitic magmas in the Sierra de San Luis, since the high variability of the εHft values recorded in zircons indicate that the calculated εNdt values for the samples can only be interpreted as a final picture of the petrogenetic process. Zircon Hf isotopes data suggest that the zircon crystallized from a magma with variable composition, recording two major events, yielding two εHft signatures: (1) -3.54 and (2) -6.85. A third composition, yield a less representative εHft value of -5.44, and represent a εHft signature (3).
先前的地质年代数据表明，在阿根廷Sierras Pampeanas的Sierras de San Luis地区发育了一个旷日持久的泥盆纪岩浆活动，有三个主要的结晶事件：393±3、384±2和377±2 Ma。先前报道的全岩Sm-Nd同位素数据定义了两个不同的平均εNdt值：-1.37和-3.47，它们与本文提供的新数据一致。第一个特征被认为是具有主要交代次大陆岩石圈地幔（SCLM）来源的母岩浆，而第二个特征可能代表由与第一个特征的岩浆杂交的下大陆地壳来源衍生的母岩浆。值得注意的是，在先前测年的相同锆石域上进行的新锆石Hf同位素表明，来源的贡献随着时间的推移而变化。锆石中的原位Hf与评估圣路易斯山脉泥盆纪花岗质岩浆的成分演化有关，因为锆石中记录的εHft值的高度可变性表明，样品的计算εNdt值只能解释为岩石成因过程的最终图像。锆石Hf同位素数据表明，锆石由成分可变的岩浆结晶而成，记录了两个主要事件，产生了两个εHft特征：（1）-3.54和（2）-6.85。第三个组成，产生代表性较小的εHft值-5.44，并代表εHft特征（3）。
{"title":"Integrated U-Pb and Hf zircon and whole-rock Nd isotopes studies of Devonian granitic rocks from Sierra de San Luis (Sierras Pampeanas, Argentina): Petrogenetic implications","authors":"J. Dahlquist, Matías M. Morales Cámera, J. Moreno, M. Basei, Priscila S. Zandomeni, Gilmara Santos da Cruz","doi":"10.5027/andgeov50n2-3639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeov50n2-3639","url":null,"abstract":"Previous geochronological data indicate a protracted Devonian magmatic activity developed in the Sierra de San Luis, Sierras Pampeanas of Argentina, with three major crystallization events: 393±3, 384±2, and 377±2 Ma. Previously reported whole-rock Sm-Nd isotopes data define two average distinctive εNdt values: -1.37 and -3.47, and they are consistent with new data presented here. The first signature is assumed for a parental magma with dominant metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) source, whereas the second signature could represent a parental magma derived of a lower continental crust source hybridized with magmas of the first signature. Notably, the new zircon Hf isotopes performed on the same zircon domains that were previously dated, indicate that the contribution of the source was variable over time. In situ Hf in zircon is relevant to evaluate the compositional evolution of the Devonian granitic magmas in the Sierra de San Luis, since the high variability of the εHft values recorded in zircons indicate that the calculated εNdt values for the samples can only be interpreted as a final picture of the petrogenetic process. Zircon Hf isotopes data suggest that the zircon crystallized from a magma with variable composition, recording two major events, yielding two εHft signatures: (1) -3.54 and (2) -6.85. A third composition, yield a less representative εHft value of -5.44, and represent a εHft signature (3).","PeriodicalId":49108,"journal":{"name":"Andean Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42939085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-07DOI: 10.5027/andgeov50n2-3450
C. Benavente, S. Matheos, S. Barredo, F. Abarzúa, A. Mancuso
The lithostratigraphic units that conform the Sorocayense Group and fill the Sorocayense-Hilario sub-basin represent an alluvial-fluvial-lacustrine succession with significant volcanic supply during its deposition. They are namely the Cerro Colorado del Cementerio, Agua de los Pajaritos, Monina, Hilario and El Alcázar formations and present several carbonate levels. The genesis, diagenesis, and main controlling factors on continental carbonates present a means to understand basin evolution through the study of their petrography and chemical elemental composition through cathodoluminescence techniques. We have identified six microfacies: a) homogeneous micrite, b) bioclastic micrite, c) dolomicrite, d) laminated micrite, e) oncolitic packstone, and f) sparitic carbonate. Among these microfacies, six cementation and alteration phases have been identified: a) micritization, b) mechanical compaction, c) calcitic cementation, d) sparitic cementation, e) microsparitic cementation, and f) chemical compaction. This analysis allowed establishing a chronology of the diagenetic modifications undergone by the carbonates. Results support diagenesis was controlled mainly by tectonics showing major impact in carbonate facies identified at the flexural margin of the rift. The effect would have been linked to exertion of a paleohydrological effect favoring lateral meteoric water migration through faulting. The presence of dolomite in some of the microfacies is linked to the presence of montmorillonite as the dominant Mg-rich-phyllosilicate in clay assemblages most likely acting as the potential source. In turn, Mg is more likely to be replaced by Mn leading to luminescent carbonate microfacies.
整合索罗卡色岩群和充填索罗卡色岩群-希拉里奥亚盆地的岩石地层单元代表了一个冲积-河流-湖泊序列，其沉积过程中有大量的火山补给。它们分别是Cerro Colorado del Cementerio、Agua de los Pajaritos、Monina、Hilario和El Alcázar地层，并呈现出几个碳酸盐层。陆相碳酸盐岩的成因、成岩作用及其主控因素为利用阴极发光技术研究其岩石学和化学元素组成提供了了解盆地演化的手段。我们确定了6种微相:a)均质泥晶，b)生物碎屑泥晶，c)白云泥晶，d)层状泥晶，e)块状泥晶，f)空间质碳酸盐。在这些微相中，确定了6个胶结和蚀变阶段:a)泥晶化，b)机械压实，c)钙化胶结，d)空间胶结，e)微空间胶结，f)化学压实。通过这种分析，可以建立碳酸盐岩成岩作用变化的年表。结果表明成岩作用主要受构造控制，主要影响于裂谷弯曲边缘的碳酸盐岩相。这种影响可能与古水文作用的发挥有关，这种作用有利于通过断层的横向大气水迁移。在某些微相中白云岩的存在与蒙脱石的存在有关，蒙脱石是粘土组合中主要的富镁层状硅酸盐，最有可能是潜在的来源。镁更容易被锰取代，形成发光碳酸盐微相。
{"title":"Diagenesis of continental carbonates linked to the evolution of the flexural margin of the Triassic Sorocayense-Hilario rift sub-basin, Argentina","authors":"C. Benavente, S. Matheos, S. Barredo, F. Abarzúa, A. Mancuso","doi":"10.5027/andgeov50n2-3450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeov50n2-3450","url":null,"abstract":"The lithostratigraphic units that conform the Sorocayense Group and fill the Sorocayense-Hilario sub-basin represent an alluvial-fluvial-lacustrine succession with significant volcanic supply during its deposition. They are namely the Cerro Colorado del Cementerio, Agua de los Pajaritos, Monina, Hilario and El Alcázar formations and present several carbonate levels. The genesis, diagenesis, and main controlling factors on continental carbonates present a means to understand basin evolution through the study of their petrography and chemical elemental composition through cathodoluminescence techniques. We have identified six microfacies: a) homogeneous micrite, b) bioclastic micrite, c) dolomicrite, d) laminated micrite, e) oncolitic packstone, and f) sparitic carbonate. Among these microfacies, six cementation and alteration phases have been identified: a) micritization, b) mechanical compaction, c) calcitic cementation, d) sparitic cementation, e) microsparitic cementation, and f) chemical compaction. This analysis allowed establishing a chronology of the diagenetic modifications undergone by the carbonates. Results support diagenesis was controlled mainly by tectonics showing major impact in carbonate facies identified at the flexural margin of the rift. The effect would have been linked to exertion of a paleohydrological effect favoring lateral meteoric water migration through faulting. The presence of dolomite in some of the microfacies is linked to the presence of montmorillonite as the dominant Mg-rich-phyllosilicate in clay assemblages most likely acting as the potential source. In turn, Mg is more likely to be replaced by Mn leading to luminescent carbonate microfacies.","PeriodicalId":49108,"journal":{"name":"Andean Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43580292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.5027/andgeov50n1-3430
John L. Manrique C., J. Ortiz, Antonio Delgado H.
Vanadium (V) and uranium (U) are critical elements for the energy and technology industry. They are characterized by low abundance in the earth crust´s rocks, but can be concentrated and give rise to sedimentary mineral deposits as a result of redox processes during sedimentation and diagenesis. The anomalies of V-U in La Sota, Ecuador, are found in black limestones and black calcareous shales of Cretaceous age. Here we present the results of a geochemical study and a multivariate geostatistical analysis, which enables us to infer four different associations: 1) disseminated organic matter in the limestones that hold V and Zn, probably in the form of organometallic complexes; 2) phosphatic minerals and concentrations of U, HREE and Ni, which may be incorporated as trace elements in the phosphates, compatible with sedimentation in an anoxic environment; 3) Ca in carbonates from a marine environment; and, 4) litophile elements associated with detritic minerals, such as quartz, plagioclase, feldspar, micas, clays and oxyhydroxides of Fe-Mn-Ti, produced by weathering and erosion. Our findings suggest that V is associated mainly with the organic matter of marine origin in the bituminous limestones, while U is associated with P, thereby indicating the formation of uraniferous phosphates during sedimentation.
{"title":"Origin of the vanadium-uranium geochemical anomalies in the limestones of the Puyango Formation, La Sota (Ecuador): preliminary results","authors":"John L. Manrique C., J. Ortiz, Antonio Delgado H.","doi":"10.5027/andgeov50n1-3430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeov50n1-3430","url":null,"abstract":"Vanadium (V) and uranium (U) are critical elements for the energy and technology industry. They are characterized by low abundance in the earth crust´s rocks, but can be concentrated and give rise to sedimentary mineral deposits as a result of redox processes during sedimentation and diagenesis. The anomalies of V-U in La Sota, Ecuador, are found in black limestones and black calcareous shales of Cretaceous age. Here we present the results of a geochemical study and a multivariate geostatistical analysis, which enables us to infer four different associations: 1) disseminated organic matter in the limestones that hold V and Zn, probably in the form of organometallic complexes; 2) phosphatic minerals and concentrations of U, HREE and Ni, which may be incorporated as trace elements in the phosphates, compatible with sedimentation in an anoxic environment; 3) Ca in carbonates from a marine environment; and, 4) litophile elements associated with detritic minerals, such as quartz, plagioclase, feldspar, micas, clays and oxyhydroxides of Fe-Mn-Ti, produced by weathering and erosion. Our findings suggest that V is associated mainly with the organic matter of marine origin in the bituminous limestones, while U is associated with P, thereby indicating the formation of uraniferous phosphates during sedimentation.","PeriodicalId":49108,"journal":{"name":"Andean Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43316574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.5027/andgeov50n1-3449
Francisco Cuadrelli, M. Zamorano, D. Barasoain, F. Anaya, A. Zurita
Panochthus Burmeister is one of the most diversified and widely distributed glyptodonts in the Pleistocene of South America, which includes areas located at high altitudes (>4,000 m a.s.l.). Within the genus, eight species (P. intermedius Lydekker, P. subintermedius Castellanos, P. tuberculatus (Owen), P. frenzelianus Ameghino, P. greslebini Castellanos, P. jaguaribensis Moreira, P. hipsilis Zurita, Zamorano, Scillato-Yané, Fidel, Iriondo and Gillette, and P. florensis Brambilla, López and Parent) are currently recognized. Here, we report a dorsal carapace (UATF-V n/n) from the Pleistocene of the surroundings of Potosí, Bolivia, that shows some morphological particularities when compared to the carapace of P. intermedius, P. frenzelianus, P. subintermedius and P. tuberculatus, including: a) its maximum dorso-ventral diameter is at the anterior half, meanwhile in other species is at mid-point (e.g., Propalaehoplophorus) or at posterior half (e.g., Glyptodon); b) the dorsal profile is different in comparison to other glyptodonts (e.g., Glyptodon, Glyptotherium, Neosclerocalyptus, Propalaehoplophorus); c) the ornamentation pattern of the osteoderms shows a central figure surrounded by small polygonal figures along the most exposed surface of the carapace (except for the mid-dorsal region that shows reticular ornamentation pattern), being different from that of the remaining species: of Panochthus, in which central figures are limited to the caudal/cephalic and most lateral regions of the carapace. In summary, the combination of characters suggests that it could belong to a new species or, alternatively, to P. floriensis or P. jaguaribensis in which the dorsal carapace is not yet known. The phylogenetic analysis confirms its basal position among Panochthus and highlights the importance of these high elevation areas of the Andes in South America in order to understand the complex evolutionary history of glyptodonts.
{"title":"A peculiar specimen of Panochthus (Xenarthra, Glyptodontidae) from the Eastern Cordillera, Bolivia","authors":"Francisco Cuadrelli, M. Zamorano, D. Barasoain, F. Anaya, A. Zurita","doi":"10.5027/andgeov50n1-3449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeov50n1-3449","url":null,"abstract":"Panochthus Burmeister is one of the most diversified and widely distributed glyptodonts in the Pleistocene of South America, which includes areas located at high altitudes (>4,000 m a.s.l.). Within the genus, eight species (P. intermedius Lydekker, P. subintermedius Castellanos, P. tuberculatus (Owen), P. frenzelianus Ameghino, P. greslebini Castellanos, P. jaguaribensis Moreira, P. hipsilis Zurita, Zamorano, Scillato-Yané, Fidel, Iriondo and Gillette, and P. florensis Brambilla, López and Parent) are currently recognized. Here, we report a dorsal carapace (UATF-V n/n) from the Pleistocene of the surroundings of Potosí, Bolivia, that shows some morphological particularities when compared to the carapace of P. intermedius, P. frenzelianus, P. subintermedius and P. tuberculatus, including: a) its maximum dorso-ventral diameter is at the anterior half, meanwhile in other species is at mid-point (e.g., Propalaehoplophorus) or at posterior half (e.g., Glyptodon); b) the dorsal profile is different in comparison to other glyptodonts (e.g., Glyptodon, Glyptotherium, Neosclerocalyptus, Propalaehoplophorus); c) the ornamentation pattern of the osteoderms shows a central figure surrounded by small polygonal figures along the most exposed surface of the carapace (except for the mid-dorsal region that shows reticular ornamentation pattern), being different from that of the remaining species: of Panochthus, in which central figures are limited to the caudal/cephalic and most lateral regions of the carapace. In summary, the combination of characters suggests that it could belong to a new species or, alternatively, to P. floriensis or P. jaguaribensis in which the dorsal carapace is not yet known. The phylogenetic analysis confirms its basal position among Panochthus and highlights the importance of these high elevation areas of the Andes in South America in order to understand the complex evolutionary history of glyptodonts.","PeriodicalId":49108,"journal":{"name":"Andean Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46667980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.5027/andgeov50n1-3471
C. O. Limarino, Leonardo R. Scarlatta, P. Ciccioli, Sabrina Miyno, F. Bello, S. Césari
The La Veteada Formation, in the Sierra de Famatina (west of Argentina), is one of the few records of Early Triassic age in South America verified by isotopic age and palynological assemblages. This unit is composed of sandstones, mudstones, shales, limestones, and marls, with some levels of gypsum, chert, and tuff levels. In its stratotype, the La Veteada Formation rests on Late Permian red beds of the Talampaya Formation and is covered by Neogene breccias and conglomerates belonging to the Del Crestón Formation. The unit is divided into three associations of sedimentary facies. Facies association A (80 m thick) is a red bed succession composed of mudstone and fine-grained sandstone, together with some levels of chert and gypsum. Facies association B (58 m thick) is greenish-gray to yellowish-gray and comprises limestones, marls, shales, and fine- to coarse-grained sandstones. This facies includes stromatolites and several levels of shales and marls where rich palynological assemblages were recovered. Finally, facies association C (24 m thick) is made up of yellowish-gray marls, mudstones, and sandstones. In this section, stromatolites are missing, thin levels of gypsum appear, and evidence of subaerial exposition as mud cracks and raindrop imprints are frequent at the top of the facies. The lithology, sedimentary structures, and vertical stacking of facies suggest that the La Veteada Formation was deposited in a lacustrine environment, which evolved from a shallow ephemeral playa lake system (facies association A) to a perennial lake, in which carbonate production increased compared to clastic sedimentation (facies association B). Regarding the facies association C, the increase in clastic supply, the missing stromatolites, and the presence of gypsum levels suggest a progressive shallowing of the lake and the likely transition to a palustrine environment. The Early Triassic age of the La Veteada Formation is indicated from two different lines of research. Firstly, a zircon U-Pb age of 249.66±0.11 Ma obtained from a tuff level at the middle part of the facies association A. Secondly, the presence of palynological species identified in other Early Triassic units worldwide. The La Veteada Formation records the filling of the embryonic extensional basins formed at the earliest Triassic. Moreover, this unit shows the evolution of depositional environments after the late Permian massive extinction event.
{"title":"Revisión de la Formación La Veteada en su estratotipo (La Rioja, Argentina): edad, estratigrafía y significado paleoambiental","authors":"C. O. Limarino, Leonardo R. Scarlatta, P. Ciccioli, Sabrina Miyno, F. Bello, S. Césari","doi":"10.5027/andgeov50n1-3471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeov50n1-3471","url":null,"abstract":"The La Veteada Formation, in the Sierra de Famatina (west of Argentina), is one of the few records of Early Triassic age in South America verified by isotopic age and palynological assemblages. This unit is composed of sandstones, mudstones, shales, limestones, and marls, with some levels of gypsum, chert, and tuff levels. In its stratotype, the La Veteada Formation rests on Late Permian red beds of the Talampaya Formation and is covered by Neogene breccias and conglomerates belonging to the Del Crestón Formation. The unit is divided into three associations of sedimentary facies. Facies association A (80 m thick) is a red bed succession composed of mudstone and fine-grained sandstone, together with some levels of chert and gypsum. Facies association B (58 m thick) is greenish-gray to yellowish-gray and comprises limestones, marls, shales, and fine- to coarse-grained sandstones. This facies includes stromatolites and several levels of shales and marls where rich palynological assemblages were recovered. Finally, facies association C (24 m thick) is made up of yellowish-gray marls, mudstones, and sandstones. In this section, stromatolites are missing, thin levels of gypsum appear, and evidence of subaerial exposition as mud cracks and raindrop imprints are frequent at the top of the facies. The lithology, sedimentary structures, and vertical stacking of facies suggest that the La Veteada Formation was deposited in a lacustrine environment, which evolved from a shallow ephemeral playa lake system (facies association A) to a perennial lake, in which carbonate production increased compared to clastic sedimentation (facies association B). Regarding the facies association C, the increase in clastic supply, the missing stromatolites, and the presence of gypsum levels suggest a progressive shallowing of the lake and the likely transition to a palustrine environment. The Early Triassic age of the La Veteada Formation is indicated from two different lines of research. Firstly, a zircon U-Pb age of 249.66±0.11 Ma obtained from a tuff level at the middle part of the facies association A. Secondly, the presence of palynological species identified in other Early Triassic units worldwide. The La Veteada Formation records the filling of the embryonic extensional basins formed at the earliest Triassic. Moreover, this unit shows the evolution of depositional environments after the late Permian massive extinction event.","PeriodicalId":49108,"journal":{"name":"Andean Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43158524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.5027/andgeov50n1-3460
G. Aguilar, J. Martinod, Matías Gallardo, C. Sue
We present a study on the glacial and paraglacial geomorphology of a Patagonian Cordillera Valley that is key to understanding evolution of the great lakes of Patagonia. 10Be cosmogenic nuclide exposure ages of ice-moulded surfaces from the Bayo River Valley confirm that the valley became ice-free before 13.4-14.2 ka. This valley constituted the first outlet of the Chelenko Lake, precursor of the General Carrera-Buenos Aires Lake (GCBAL), toward the Pacific Ocean. This age constrains the timing of the lake drainage reversal from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Alluvial fans and terrace levels recognized in the eastern segment of the valley at the same altitude as terrace levels observed in the GCBAL basin confirm that the Bayo Pass controlled the elevation of the lake once the drainage reversed to Pacific Ocean. 10Be cosmogenic nuclide exposure ages also confirm that the maximum advance of the Exploradores Glacier since its major retreat >13.4-14.2 ka ago occurred during the Little Ice Age, the last remnant of glacial drift in these valleys.
{"title":"Chronology of the Bayo River valley deglaciation and implications for the Late Pleistocene Atlantic-to-Pacific drainage reversal of the General Carrera-Buenos Aires palaeolake, Patagonia-Chile","authors":"G. Aguilar, J. Martinod, Matías Gallardo, C. Sue","doi":"10.5027/andgeov50n1-3460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeov50n1-3460","url":null,"abstract":"We present a study on the glacial and paraglacial geomorphology of a Patagonian Cordillera Valley that is key to understanding evolution of the great lakes of Patagonia. 10Be cosmogenic nuclide exposure ages of ice-moulded surfaces from the Bayo River Valley confirm that the valley became ice-free before 13.4-14.2 ka. This valley constituted the first outlet of the Chelenko Lake, precursor of the General Carrera-Buenos Aires Lake (GCBAL), toward the Pacific Ocean. This age constrains the timing of the lake drainage reversal from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Alluvial fans and terrace levels recognized in the eastern segment of the valley at the same altitude as terrace levels observed in the GCBAL basin confirm that the Bayo Pass controlled the elevation of the lake once the drainage reversed to Pacific Ocean. 10Be cosmogenic nuclide exposure ages also confirm that the maximum advance of the Exploradores Glacier since its major retreat >13.4-14.2 ka ago occurred during the Little Ice Age, the last remnant of glacial drift in these valleys.","PeriodicalId":49108,"journal":{"name":"Andean Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45956856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.5027/andgeov50n1-3403
M. J. Pons, Juan Mendiberri, Martín Arce, Gerson Alan Greco, T. B. Musso, M. Fernandez, Natalia Hauser, Pamela Aparicio González
The Sofía-Julia-Valencia vein system, located in the Andacollo mining district in central west Argentina, is hosted by ENE-WSW oriented strike-slip faults which are the result of reactivation of normal faults affecting Carboniferous to Jurassic rocks during Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene. These veins contain a total resource of 22,900 Oz of gold with 5.5-6.7 g/t AuEq. Geologic mapping and a U-Pb age of 71±1Ma in zircon, obtained in an altered and mineralized dacitic dyke of the district, allowed to associate the mineralizing event to the Naunauco Andesitic belt magmatism (Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene) and to the Cretaceous-Paleogene Metallogenic Belt of the Andes in southwestern Argentina. The ore bodies are made up of multiple veins and veinlets that, from oldest to youngest, correspond to: (1) scarce early quartz+pyrite+molybdenite+iron poor-sphalerite veinlets, (2) quartz+epidote+calcite±albite (apatite+rutile+titanite+light rare earth elements bearing phosphates) associated with quartz+biotite, epidote (actinolite)+chlorite+calcite, with pyrite+pyrrhotite±chalcopyrite±(iron rich-sphalerite), marcasite veins. These veins are cut and reopened by (3) polymetallic veins and veinlets formed by quartz+sericite±carbonates (chlorite), with iron-gold rich sphalerite+silver rich-galena+chalcopyrite+pyrite, native gold±arsenopyrite±(pyrrhotite, bornite, argentite). Pyrite (4) and (5) carbonate+framboidal pyrite veinlets cuts all the previous ones. Multistage carbonate generation brecciate and cut previous veins and veinlets. Quartz shows granular, comb textures and some calcites developed platy textures. Four hydrothermal alteration types affected the veins host rock: (1) patches of early potassic alteration; (2) widespread propylitic alteration with disseminated sulfides; (3) later phyllic alteration overlapped to the previous ones; and (4) late supergene alteration. The sphalerite and chlorite composition in the veins (1 and 2) along with their mineral assamblages indicates they were formed by initially alkaline fluids (e.g., feldspar stable) with intermediate sulfur and oxygen fugacity and mesothermal temperature conditions (~400-240 °C), that evolved to conditions of lower sulfur (e.g., pyrrhotite stable) and oxygen fugacity, temperature
{"title":"Geología, alteración hidrotermal y mineralogía del sistema de vetas Sofía-Julia-Valencia, distrito minero Andacollo, Neuquén, Argentina","authors":"M. J. Pons, Juan Mendiberri, Martín Arce, Gerson Alan Greco, T. B. Musso, M. Fernandez, Natalia Hauser, Pamela Aparicio González","doi":"10.5027/andgeov50n1-3403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeov50n1-3403","url":null,"abstract":"The Sofía-Julia-Valencia vein system, located in the Andacollo mining district in central west Argentina, is hosted by ENE-WSW oriented strike-slip faults which are the result of reactivation of normal faults affecting Carboniferous to Jurassic rocks during Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene. These veins contain a total resource of 22,900 Oz of gold with 5.5-6.7 g/t AuEq. Geologic mapping and a U-Pb age of 71±1Ma in zircon, obtained in an altered and mineralized dacitic dyke of the district, allowed to associate the mineralizing event to the Naunauco Andesitic belt magmatism (Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene) and to the Cretaceous-Paleogene Metallogenic Belt of the Andes in southwestern Argentina. The ore bodies are made up of multiple veins and veinlets that, from oldest to youngest, correspond to: (1) scarce early quartz+pyrite+molybdenite+iron poor-sphalerite veinlets, (2) quartz+epidote+calcite±albite (apatite+rutile+titanite+light rare earth elements bearing phosphates) associated with quartz+biotite, epidote (actinolite)+chlorite+calcite, with pyrite+pyrrhotite±chalcopyrite±(iron rich-sphalerite), marcasite veins. These veins are cut and reopened by (3) polymetallic veins and veinlets formed by quartz+sericite±carbonates (chlorite), with iron-gold rich sphalerite+silver rich-galena+chalcopyrite+pyrite, native gold±arsenopyrite±(pyrrhotite, bornite, argentite). Pyrite (4) and (5) carbonate+framboidal pyrite veinlets cuts all the previous ones. Multistage carbonate generation brecciate and cut previous veins and veinlets. Quartz shows granular, comb textures and some calcites developed platy textures. Four hydrothermal alteration types affected the veins host rock: (1) patches of early potassic alteration; (2) widespread propylitic alteration with disseminated sulfides; (3) later phyllic alteration overlapped to the previous ones; and (4) late supergene alteration. The sphalerite and chlorite composition in the veins (1 and 2) along with their mineral assamblages indicates they were formed by initially alkaline fluids (e.g., feldspar stable) with intermediate sulfur and oxygen fugacity and mesothermal temperature conditions (~400-240 °C), that evolved to conditions of lower sulfur (e.g., pyrrhotite stable) and oxygen fugacity, temperature","PeriodicalId":49108,"journal":{"name":"Andean Geology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49624842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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