Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.3389/CONF.FPHY.2016.01.00005
D. Tim, L. Henrik, T. Daniel, Lasic Samo
{"title":"Confounding effects of imaging gradients in stimulated echo: case of diffusion exchange imaging","authors":"D. Tim, L. Henrik, T. Daniel, Lasic Samo","doi":"10.3389/CONF.FPHY.2016.01.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/CONF.FPHY.2016.01.00005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49264,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics in China","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69550404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.3389/CONF.FPHY.2016.01.00009
Setsompop Kawin, Ning Lipeng, R. Yogesh
{"title":"A combined Compressed Sensing Super-Resolution Diffusion and gSlider-SMS acquisition/reconstruction for rapid sub-millimeter whole-brain diffusion imaging.","authors":"Setsompop Kawin, Ning Lipeng, R. Yogesh","doi":"10.3389/CONF.FPHY.2016.01.00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/CONF.FPHY.2016.01.00009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49264,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics in China","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69550455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.3389/CONF.FPHY.2016.01.00024
L. Marco, Finsterbusch Jrgen
{"title":"Investigation of microscopic diffusion anisotropy reveals microstructural changes in normal aging of the human brain","authors":"L. Marco, Finsterbusch Jrgen","doi":"10.3389/CONF.FPHY.2016.01.00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/CONF.FPHY.2016.01.00024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49264,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics in China","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69550482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.3389/conf.FPHY.2016.01.00016
Westin Carl-Fredrik
{"title":"Q-space trajectory imaging (QTI) for multidimensional diffusion MRI","authors":"Westin Carl-Fredrik","doi":"10.3389/conf.FPHY.2016.01.00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/conf.FPHY.2016.01.00016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49264,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics in China","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69550848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phenomenon of quantum erasure has long intrigued physicists, but has surprisingly found limited practical application. Here, we propose a protocol for quantum key distribution (QKD) based on quantum erasure, promising inherent security against detector attacks. We particularly demonstrate its security against a powerful detector-blinding attack.
{"title":"Quantum Erasure Cryptography","authors":"Hatim Salih","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2016.00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2016.00016","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of quantum erasure has long intrigued physicists, but has surprisingly found limited practical application. Here, we propose a protocol for quantum key distribution (QKD) based on quantum erasure, promising inherent security against detector attacks. We particularly demonstrate its security against a powerful detector-blinding attack.","PeriodicalId":49264,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics in China","volume":"4 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3389/fphy.2016.00016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69647648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The modeling of opinion dynamics is social systems has attracted a good deal of attention in the last decade. Even though based on intuition and observation, the mechanisms behind many of these models need solid empirical grounding. In this work, we investigate the relation among subjective variables (such as the personality), the dynamics of the affinity network dynamics, the communication patterns emerging throughout the social interactions and the opinions dynamics in a series of experiments with five small groups of ten people each. In order to ignite the discussion, the polemic topic of animal experimentation was proposed. The groups essentially polarized in two factions with a set of stubborn individuals (those not changing their opinions in time) playing the role of anchors. Our results suggest that the different layers present in the group dynamics (i.e., individual level, group dynamics and meso-communication) are deeply intermingled, specifically the stubbornness effect appears to be related to the dynamical features of the network topologies, and only in an undirected way to the personality of the participants.
{"title":"Opinion dynamics within a virtual small group: the stubbornness effect","authors":"A. Guazzini, A. Cini, F. Bagnoli, J. Ramasco","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2015.00065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2015.00065","url":null,"abstract":"The modeling of opinion dynamics is social systems has attracted a good deal of attention in the last decade. Even though based on intuition and observation, the mechanisms behind many of these models need solid empirical grounding. In this work, we investigate the relation among subjective variables (such as the personality), the dynamics of the affinity network dynamics, the communication patterns emerging throughout the social interactions and the opinions dynamics in a series of experiments with five small groups of ten people each. In order to ignite the discussion, the polemic topic of animal experimentation was proposed. The groups essentially polarized in two factions with a set of stubborn individuals (those not changing their opinions in time) playing the role of anchors. Our results suggest that the different layers present in the group dynamics (i.e., individual level, group dynamics and meso-communication) are deeply intermingled, specifically the stubbornness effect appears to be related to the dynamical features of the network topologies, and only in an undirected way to the personality of the participants.","PeriodicalId":49264,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics in China","volume":"3 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3389/fphy.2015.00065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69647494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is recognized as the “gold standard” for biophotonic simulation, capturing all relevant physics and material properties at the perceived cost of high computing demands. Tetrahedral-mesh-based MC simulations particularly are attractive due to the ability to refine the mesh at will to conform to complicated geometries or user-defined resolution requirements. Since no approximations of material or light-source properties are required, MC methods are applicable to the broadest set of biophotonic simulation problems. MC methods also have other implementation features including inherent parallelism, and permit a continuously-variable quality-runtime tradeoff. We demonstrate here a complete MC-based prospective fluence dose evaluation system for interstitial PDT to generate dose-volume histograms on a tetrahedral mesh geometry description. To our knowledge, this is the first such system for general interstitial photodynamic therapy employing MC methods and is therefore applicable to a very broad cross-section of anatomy and material properties. We demonstrate that evaluation of dose-volume histograms is an effective variance-reduction scheme in its own right which greatly reduces the number of packets required and hence runtime required to achieve acceptable result confidence. We conclude that MC methods are feasible for general PDT treatment evaluation and planning, and considerably less costly than widely believed.
{"title":"Treatment plan evaluation for interstitial photodynamic therapy in a mouse model by Monte Carlo simulation with FullMonte","authors":"J. Cassidy, V. Betz, L. Lilge","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2015.00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2015.00006","url":null,"abstract":"Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is recognized as the “gold standard” for biophotonic simulation, capturing all relevant physics and material properties at the perceived cost of high computing demands. Tetrahedral-mesh-based MC simulations particularly are attractive due to the ability to refine the mesh at will to conform to complicated geometries or user-defined resolution requirements. Since no approximations of material or light-source properties are required, MC methods are applicable to the broadest set of biophotonic simulation problems. MC methods also have other implementation features including inherent parallelism, and permit a continuously-variable quality-runtime tradeoff. We demonstrate here a complete MC-based prospective fluence dose evaluation system for interstitial PDT to generate dose-volume histograms on a tetrahedral mesh geometry description. To our knowledge, this is the first such system for general interstitial photodynamic therapy employing MC methods and is therefore applicable to a very broad cross-section of anatomy and material properties. We demonstrate that evaluation of dose-volume histograms is an effective variance-reduction scheme in its own right which greatly reduces the number of packets required and hence runtime required to achieve acceptable result confidence. We conclude that MC methods are feasible for general PDT treatment evaluation and planning, and considerably less costly than widely believed.","PeriodicalId":49264,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics in China","volume":"3 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3389/fphy.2015.00006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69647413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We review the role of fundamental spin-0 bosons as bosonic coherent motion (BCM) in the Universe. The fundamental spin-0 bosons have the potential to account for the baryon number generation, cold dark matter (CDM) via BCM, inflation, and dark energy. Among these, we pay particular attention to the CDM possibility because it can be experimentally tested with the current experimental techniques. We also comment on the panoply of the other roles of spin-0 bosons--such as those for cosmic accelerations at early and late times.
{"title":"Bosonic coherent motions in the Universe","authors":"Jihn E. Kim, Y. Semertzidis, S. Tsujikawa","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2014.00060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2014.00060","url":null,"abstract":"We review the role of fundamental spin-0 bosons as bosonic coherent motion (BCM) in the Universe. The fundamental spin-0 bosons have the potential to account for the baryon number generation, cold dark matter (CDM) via BCM, inflation, and dark energy. Among these, we pay particular attention to the CDM possibility because it can be experimentally tested with the current experimental techniques. We also comment on the panoply of the other roles of spin-0 bosons--such as those for cosmic accelerations at early and late times.","PeriodicalId":49264,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics in China","volume":"2 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3389/fphy.2014.00060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69647304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is a review on some recent works on the Liouville integrability of a large class of Lotka-Volterra systems
本文综述了近年来关于一类Lotka-Volterra系统的Liouville可积性的一些研究成果
{"title":"On the liouville intergrability of Lotka-Volterra systems","authors":"P. Damianou, F. Petalidou","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2014.00050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2014.00050","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a review on some recent works on the Liouville integrability of a large class of Lotka-Volterra systems","PeriodicalId":49264,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics in China","volume":"2 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3389/fphy.2014.00050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69647269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We introduce a set of quantum adiabatic evolutions that we argue may be used as `building blocks', or subroutines, in the onstruction of an adiabatic algorithm that executes Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) with the same complexity and resources as its gate-model counterpart. One implication of the above construction is the theoretical feasibility of implementing Shor's algorithm for integer factorization in an optimal manner, and any other algorithm that makes use of QFT, on quantum annealing devices. We discuss the possible advantages, as well as the limitations, of the proposed approach as well as its relation to traditional adiabatic quantum computation.
{"title":"Fourier-transforming with quantum annealers","authors":"I. Hen","doi":"10.3389/fphy.2014.00044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2014.00044","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce a set of quantum adiabatic evolutions that we argue may be used as `building blocks', or subroutines, in the onstruction of an adiabatic algorithm that executes Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) with the same complexity and resources as its gate-model counterpart. One implication of the above construction is the theoretical feasibility of implementing Shor's algorithm for integer factorization in an optimal manner, and any other algorithm that makes use of QFT, on quantum annealing devices. We discuss the possible advantages, as well as the limitations, of the proposed approach as well as its relation to traditional adiabatic quantum computation.","PeriodicalId":49264,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers of Physics in China","volume":"2 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3389/fphy.2014.00044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69647252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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