Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2024.2410492
Ruchika Kaushik, Baibaswata Nayak, Bichitra Nanda Patra, Anna R Docherty, Andrey Shabalin, Chittaranjan Behera
Background: India currently accounts for a majority of global suicide deaths. Research in European ancestry has established that suicide mortality has a significant genetic component, and suggests that inflammation may play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of suicide. Inflammation is also highly relevant in regions of increased pollution exposure, such as the megacities of India. To address the existing gaps in genetic research on suicide and possible association with inflammatory biomarkers, we examined genetic polymorphism and clinical risk phenotypes in a population-based suicide-death cohort, India.
Material and methods: Genotyping of IL-1β(rs16944) & (rs1143627), IL-4(rs2070874), IL-6(rs1800795) and IL-10(rs1800896) was done in 234 post-mortem suicide-death cases and 256 post-mortem controls (N = 490) using PCR RFLP method.
Results: Our analyses identified three significant (p < 0.001) associations of cytokine variants with suicide death, including IL-1β(rs16944), OR = 0.627; IL-4(rs2070874), OR = 0.524; and IL-6(rs1800795), OR = 2.509. Cases were more likely female and were more likely to have a history of psychiatric illness, though rate of psychiatric illness was low in suicide cases(9%).
Conclusion: Our genetic results are generally consistent with previous research on risk for depression and suicidal behaviour, and both genetic and phenotypic results provide new insights into risk factors that may contribute to suicide in India.
{"title":"Cytokine gene polymorphisms and suicide risk in an Indian ancestral population: A case-control study.","authors":"Ruchika Kaushik, Baibaswata Nayak, Bichitra Nanda Patra, Anna R Docherty, Andrey Shabalin, Chittaranjan Behera","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2024.2410492","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15622975.2024.2410492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>India currently accounts for a majority of global suicide deaths. Research in European ancestry has established that suicide mortality has a significant genetic component, and suggests that inflammation may play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of suicide. Inflammation is also highly relevant in regions of increased pollution exposure, such as the megacities of India. To address the existing gaps in genetic research on suicide and possible association with inflammatory biomarkers, we examined genetic polymorphism and clinical risk phenotypes in a population-based suicide-death cohort, India.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Genotyping of IL-1β(rs16944) & (rs1143627), IL-4(rs2070874), IL-6(rs1800795) and IL-10(rs1800896) was done in 234 post-mortem suicide-death cases and 256 post-mortem controls (<i>N</i> = 490) using PCR RFLP method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analyses identified three significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001) associations of cytokine variants with suicide death, including IL-1β(rs16944), OR = 0.627; IL-4(rs2070874), OR = 0.524; and IL-6(rs1800795), OR = 2.509. Cases were more likely female and were more likely to have a history of psychiatric illness, though rate of psychiatric illness was low in suicide cases(9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our genetic results are generally consistent with previous research on risk for depression and suicidal behaviour, and both genetic and phenotypic results provide new insights into risk factors that may contribute to suicide in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142394671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2024.2402261
S Graf, G Dörl, C Milz, M Kathofer, P Stöhrmann, D Gomola, E Briem, G Schlosser, A Mayerweg, J Semmelweis-Tomits, A Hoti, B Eggerstorfer, C Schmidt, J Crone, D Rujescu, M Spies, R Lanzenberger, B Spurny-Dworak
Objectives: Ketamine exerts rapid antidepressant effects by enhancing neuroplasticity, particularly in the amygdala and hippocampus-regions involved in fear processing and learning. While the role of ketamine's dissociative effects in its antidepressant response is debated, anxiety experienced during infusion has been negatively correlated with treatment outcomes.
Methods: In this single-blind, placebo-controlled study, a subset of 17 healthy volunteers (6 males, 23.12 ± 1.9 years) received intravenously a placebo in the first and 0.5 mg/kg racemic ketamine in the second session. Anxiety-related experiences were assessed by the 5D-ASC score obtained post-infusion, structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired 4 h post-infusion. An anxiety-score was obtained from the 5D-ASC. Relation between post-placebo amygdala volume, hippocampal volume, and its subfields with the anxiety-score were assessed using linear regression models.
Results: Results showed a statistically significant negative relation between hippocampal head volume and the anxiety score (β = -0.733, p = 0.006), with trending negative association for each subfield's head and the score.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that anxiety-related experiences during ketamine infusion may be mediated by the hippocampus, with smaller hippocampal volumes leading to more anxiety-related experiences. Thus, hippocampal subfield volumes may be used as a predictor for anxiety-related events during ketamine use and might predict treatment outcome in future approaches.
{"title":"Morphological correlates of anxiety-related experiences during a ketamine infusion.","authors":"S Graf, G Dörl, C Milz, M Kathofer, P Stöhrmann, D Gomola, E Briem, G Schlosser, A Mayerweg, J Semmelweis-Tomits, A Hoti, B Eggerstorfer, C Schmidt, J Crone, D Rujescu, M Spies, R Lanzenberger, B Spurny-Dworak","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2024.2402261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2024.2402261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Ketamine exerts rapid antidepressant effects by enhancing neuroplasticity, particularly in the amygdala and hippocampus-regions involved in fear processing and learning. While the role of ketamine's dissociative effects in its antidepressant response is debated, anxiety experienced during infusion has been negatively correlated with treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-blind, placebo-controlled study, a subset of 17 healthy volunteers (6 males, 23.12 ± 1.9 years) received intravenously a placebo in the first and 0.5 mg/kg racemic ketamine in the second session. Anxiety-related experiences were assessed by the 5D-ASC score obtained post-infusion, structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired 4 h post-infusion. An anxiety-score was obtained from the 5D-ASC. Relation between post-placebo amygdala volume, hippocampal volume, and its subfields with the anxiety-score were assessed using linear regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed a statistically significant negative relation between hippocampal head volume and the anxiety score (β = -0.733, p = 0.006), with trending negative association for each subfield's head and the score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that anxiety-related experiences during ketamine infusion may be mediated by the hippocampus, with smaller hippocampal volumes leading to more anxiety-related experiences. Thus, hippocampal subfield volumes may be used as a predictor for anxiety-related events during ketamine use and might predict treatment outcome in future approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To report an observational case series study of sustained, once-weekly continuation transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provided with the aim of maintaining remission in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).
Methods: Once-weekly TMS treatments were provided to 7 patients (median age of 54 years) with chronic relapsing MDD: 4 of these patients entered the study in remission according to the six-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D6) and were followed for more than 12 months, and 3 patients entered the study in HAM-D6 partial remission/relapse and were followed for more than 6 months.
Results: All patients remained clinically well throughout the study. The 4 patients who entered in remission were maintained in HAM-D6 remission or partial remission. The 3 patients who entered the study in HAM-D6 partial remission/relapse were maintained free of clinical depression.
Conclusions: Seven patients with a history of relapsing MDD were provided with once-weekly continuation TMS and remained free of clinical relapse for more than 6 or 12 months. While the study had a small sample size, the clear, real-world outcomes warrant further investigation.
{"title":"Weekly transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) maintenance: a case series.","authors":"Marzena Rybak, Gregory M Peterson, Saxby Pridmore, Yvonne Turnier-Shea, Karen Byrne, Tae Dillon","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2024.2416385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2024.2416385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To report an observational case series study of sustained, once-weekly continuation transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) provided with the aim of maintaining remission in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Once-weekly TMS treatments were provided to 7 patients (median age of 54 years) with chronic relapsing MDD: 4 of these patients entered the study in remission according to the six-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D6) and were followed for more than 12 months, and 3 patients entered the study in HAM-D6 partial remission/relapse and were followed for more than 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All patients remained clinically well throughout the study. The 4 patients who entered in remission were maintained in HAM-D6 remission or partial remission. The 3 patients who entered the study in HAM-D6 partial remission/relapse were maintained free of clinical depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Seven patients with a history of relapsing MDD were provided with once-weekly continuation TMS and remained free of clinical relapse for more than 6 or 12 months. While the study had a small sample size, the clear, real-world outcomes warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to elucidate the neuroimaging changes associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and their relationship with genetic characteristics. We conducted a global-brain functional connectivity (GFC) and genetic-neuroimaging correlation analysis on 42 MDD patients and 42 healthy controls (HCs), exploring the correlation between GFC abnormalities and clinical variables. Results showed that compared to HCs, MDD patients had significantly decreased GFC values in the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus and increased GFC values in the left and right cerebellum Crus I/II. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between the GFC values of the left cerebellum Crus I/II and subjective support scores, as well as social support revalued scale total scores. We identified genes associated with GFC changes in MDD, which are enriched in biological processes such as synaptic transmission and ion transport. Our findings indicate the presence of abnormal GFC values in severe depression, complementing the pathological research on the condition. Furthermore, this study provides preliminary evidence for the correlation between social support levels and brain functional connectivity, offering insights into the potential association between GFC changes and gene expression in MDD patients.
{"title":"Correlations between alterations in global brain functional connectivity in patients with major depressive disorder and their genetic characteristics.","authors":"Chunguo Zhang, Caixia Xu, Haohao Yan, Jiaquan Liang, Xiaoling Li, Chaohua Tang, Yang Yu, Guojun Xie, Wenbin Guo","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2024.2412651","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15622975.2024.2412651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to elucidate the neuroimaging changes associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and their relationship with genetic characteristics. We conducted a global-brain functional connectivity (GFC) and genetic-neuroimaging correlation analysis on 42 MDD patients and 42 healthy controls (HCs), exploring the correlation between GFC abnormalities and clinical variables. Results showed that compared to HCs, MDD patients had significantly decreased GFC values in the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus and increased GFC values in the left and right cerebellum Crus I/II. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between the GFC values of the left cerebellum Crus I/II and subjective support scores, as well as social support revalued scale total scores. We identified genes associated with GFC changes in MDD, which are enriched in biological processes such as synaptic transmission and ion transport. Our findings indicate the presence of abnormal GFC values in severe depression, complementing the pathological research on the condition. Furthermore, this study provides preliminary evidence for the correlation between social support levels and brain functional connectivity, offering insights into the potential association between GFC changes and gene expression in MDD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142478925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01Epub Date: 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2024.2366235
Xenia Marlene Hart, Gerhard Gründer, Nicolas Ansermot, Andreas Conca, Emmanuelle Corruble, Severine Crettol, Paul Cumming, Ariel Frajerman, Gudrun Hefner, Oliver Howes, Marin M Jukic, Euitae Kim, Seoyoung Kim, Ignazio Maniscalco, Sho Moriguchi, Daniel J Müller, Shinichiro Nakajima, Martin Osugo, Michael Paulzen, Henricus Gerardus Ruhe, Maike Scherf-Clavel, Georgios Schoretsanitis, Alessandro Serretti, Edoardo Spina, Olav Spigset, Werner Steimer, Sinan H Süzen, Hiroyuki Uchida, Stefan Unterecker, Frederik Vandenberghe, Celine Verstuyft, Gerald Zernig, Christoph Hiemke, Chin B Eap
Background: For psychotic disorders (i.e. schizophrenia), pharmacotherapy plays a key role in controlling acute and long-term symptoms. To find the optimal individual dose and dosage strategy, specialised tools are used. Three tools have been proven useful to personalise drug treatments: therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of drug levels, pharmacogenetic testing (PG), and molecular neuroimaging.
Methods: In these Guidelines, we provide an in-depth review of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenetics for 45 antipsychotics. Over 30 international experts in psychiatry selected studies that have measured drug concentrations in the blood (TDM), gene polymorphisms of enzymes involved in drug metabolism, or receptor/transporter occupancies in the brain (positron emission tomography (PET)).
Results: Study results strongly support the use of TDM and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) genotyping and/or phenotyping to guide drug therapies. Evidence-based target ranges are available for titrating drug doses that are often supported by PET findings.
Conclusion: All three tools discussed in these Guidelines are essential for drug treatment. TDM goes well beyond typical indications such as unclear compliance and polypharmacy. Despite its enormous potential to optimise treatment effects, minimise side effects and ultimately reduce the global burden of diseases, personalised drug treatment has not yet become the standard of care in psychiatry.
背景:对于精神病(如精神分裂症),药物治疗在控制急性和长期症状方面发挥着关键作用。为了找到最佳的个体剂量和用药策略,需要使用专门的工具。有三种工具已被证明有助于个性化药物治疗:药物水平治疗药物监测(TDM)、药物基因检测(PG)和分子神经影像学:在本《指南》中,我们对 50 种抗精神病药物的药代动力学、药效学和药物遗传学进行了深入研究。30 多位国际精神病学专家选择了测量血液中药物浓度(TDM)、参与药物代谢的酶的基因多态性或大脑中受体/转运体占位(正电子发射断层扫描(PET))的研究:研究结果强烈支持使用TDM和细胞色素P450(CYP)基因分型和/或表型来指导药物治疗。以证据为基础的目标范围可用于滴定药物剂量,而 PET 的检查结果往往支持这些目标范围:本指南中讨论的所有三种工具对于药物治疗都至关重要。TDM 远远超出了典型的适应症范围,例如依从性不明确和多重用药。尽管个性化药物治疗在优化治疗效果、减少副作用并最终减轻全球疾病负担方面具有巨大潜力,但尚未成为精神病学的护理标准。
{"title":"Optimisation of pharmacotherapy in psychiatry through therapeutic drug monitoring, molecular brain imaging and pharmacogenetic tests: Focus on antipsychotics.","authors":"Xenia Marlene Hart, Gerhard Gründer, Nicolas Ansermot, Andreas Conca, Emmanuelle Corruble, Severine Crettol, Paul Cumming, Ariel Frajerman, Gudrun Hefner, Oliver Howes, Marin M Jukic, Euitae Kim, Seoyoung Kim, Ignazio Maniscalco, Sho Moriguchi, Daniel J Müller, Shinichiro Nakajima, Martin Osugo, Michael Paulzen, Henricus Gerardus Ruhe, Maike Scherf-Clavel, Georgios Schoretsanitis, Alessandro Serretti, Edoardo Spina, Olav Spigset, Werner Steimer, Sinan H Süzen, Hiroyuki Uchida, Stefan Unterecker, Frederik Vandenberghe, Celine Verstuyft, Gerald Zernig, Christoph Hiemke, Chin B Eap","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2024.2366235","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15622975.2024.2366235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>For psychotic disorders (i.e. schizophrenia), pharmacotherapy plays a key role in controlling acute and long-term symptoms. To find the optimal individual dose and dosage strategy, specialised tools are used. Three tools have been proven useful to personalise drug treatments: therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of drug levels, pharmacogenetic testing (PG), and molecular neuroimaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In these Guidelines, we provide an in-depth review of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenetics for 45 antipsychotics. Over 30 international experts in psychiatry selected studies that have measured drug concentrations in the blood (TDM), gene polymorphisms of enzymes involved in drug metabolism, or receptor/transporter occupancies in the brain (positron emission tomography (PET)).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Study results strongly support the use of TDM and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) genotyping and/or phenotyping to guide drug therapies. Evidence-based target ranges are available for titrating drug doses that are often supported by PET findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All three tools discussed in these Guidelines are essential for drug treatment. TDM goes well beyond typical indications such as unclear compliance and polypharmacy. Despite its enormous potential to optimise treatment effects, minimise side effects and ultimately reduce the global burden of diseases, personalised drug treatment has not yet become the standard of care in psychiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141447443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2024.2393380
Roberto La Marca, Monika Scheiwiller, Michael Pfaff, Pearl La Marca-Ghaemmaghami, Heinz Böker
Objectives: Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) indicates chronic stress exposure, which is a risk factor in the pathogenesis of burnout and depression. However, findings on HCC are inconsistent. Similarly, intervention studies show mixed effects on HCC. The present study aimed to shed light on these inconsistencies, by additionally considering also hair cortisone.
Methods: Twenty-five patients with a burnout-related depressive disorder receiving a multimodal inpatient treatment for clinical burnout and 17 matched healthy controls participated in this study. All participants provided 1 cm long hair samples at the beginning and end of the treatment. HCC and hair cortisone levels (HCNC) were determined. Meteorological data and duration of sick leave were considered as potential covariates. Burnout and depression were assessed with self-ratings, the latter also with examiner ratings.
Results: There were no significant group differences in glucocorticoid levels. Treatment led to a decrease in both depression severity and hair glucocorticoid concentration in inpatients, while lower HCNC in particular predicted a greater reduction in depression severity. Moreover, meteorological data and the duration of sick leave were also found to have an effect on hair glucocorticoid concentrations.
Conclusions: These results suggest that multimodal inpatient treatment of clinical burnout considerably reduced stress on both a psychological and biological level. In parallel, hair glucocorticoids appear to be sensitive biomarkers for the evaluation of treatment success and prediction. Examining both HCC and HCNC in intervention studies may provide clearer results than the usual examination of HCC alone.
{"title":"Hair glucocorticoid levels decrease after multimodal inpatient treatment and predict therapy outcome in burnout-related depressive disorders.","authors":"Roberto La Marca, Monika Scheiwiller, Michael Pfaff, Pearl La Marca-Ghaemmaghami, Heinz Böker","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2024.2393380","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15622975.2024.2393380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) indicates chronic stress exposure, which is a risk factor in the pathogenesis of burnout and depression. However, findings on HCC are inconsistent. Similarly, intervention studies show mixed effects on HCC. The present study aimed to shed light on these inconsistencies, by additionally considering also hair cortisone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five patients with a burnout-related depressive disorder receiving a multimodal inpatient treatment for clinical burnout and 17 matched healthy controls participated in this study. All participants provided 1 cm long hair samples at the beginning and end of the treatment. HCC and hair cortisone levels (HCNC) were determined. Meteorological data and duration of sick leave were considered as potential covariates. Burnout and depression were assessed with self-ratings, the latter also with examiner ratings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant group differences in glucocorticoid levels. Treatment led to a decrease in both depression severity and hair glucocorticoid concentration in inpatients, while lower HCNC in particular predicted a greater reduction in depression severity. Moreover, meteorological data and the duration of sick leave were also found to have an effect on hair glucocorticoid concentrations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that multimodal inpatient treatment of clinical burnout considerably reduced stress on both a psychological and biological level. In parallel, hair glucocorticoids appear to be sensitive biomarkers for the evaluation of treatment success and prediction. Examining both HCC and HCNC in intervention studies may provide clearer results than the usual examination of HCC alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2024.2393381
Jens Treutlein, Simone Löhlein, Karolin E Einenkel, Rosanne Picotin, Esther K Diekhof, Oliver Gruber
Objectives: ULK4 is an established candidate gene for mental disorders and antipsychotic treatment response. We investigated the association of functional genetic variation at the ULK4 locus with the human extended dopaminergic reward system using fMRI during the performance of a well-established reward paradigm.
Methods: Two hundred and thirty-four patients were included in this study. Association of genetic variation in the ULK4 gene with reward system functioning were determined using the Desire-Reason-Dilemma (DRD) paradigm which allows to assess brain activation in response to conditioned reward stimuli.
Results: Variant prioritisation revealed the strongest functional signatures for the ULK4 variant rs17215589, coding for amino acid exchange Ala715Thr. For rs17215589 minor allele carriers, we detected increased activation responses to conditioned reward stimuli in the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens and several cortical brain regions of the extended reward system.
Conclusions: Our findings provide further evidence in humans that genetic variation in ULK4 may increase the vulnerability to mental disorders, by modulating the extended reward system function. Future studies are needed to confirm the modulation of the extended reward system by ULK4 and to specify the role of this mechanism in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders.
{"title":"Association of Unc-51-like Kinase 4 (<i>ULK4</i>) with the reactivity of the extended reward system in response to conditioned stimuli.","authors":"Jens Treutlein, Simone Löhlein, Karolin E Einenkel, Rosanne Picotin, Esther K Diekhof, Oliver Gruber","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2024.2393381","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15622975.2024.2393381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong><i>ULK4</i> is an established candidate gene for mental disorders and antipsychotic treatment response. We investigated the association of functional genetic variation at the <i>ULK4</i> locus with the human extended dopaminergic reward system using fMRI during the performance of a well-established reward paradigm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two hundred and thirty-four patients were included in this study. Association of genetic variation in the <i>ULK4</i> gene with reward system functioning were determined using the Desire-Reason-Dilemma (DRD) paradigm which allows to assess brain activation in response to conditioned reward stimuli.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Variant prioritisation revealed the strongest functional signatures for the <i>ULK4</i> variant rs17215589, coding for amino acid exchange Ala715Thr. For rs17215589 minor allele carriers, we detected increased activation responses to conditioned reward stimuli in the ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens and several cortical brain regions of the extended reward system.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings provide further evidence in humans that genetic variation in <i>ULK4</i> may increase the vulnerability to mental disorders, by modulating the extended reward system function. Future studies are needed to confirm the modulation of the extended reward system by <i>ULK4</i> and to specify the role of this mechanism in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142057057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2024.2393373
L Vandermeulen, L Van Melkebeke, P Sienaert
Objectives: We aimed to review and summarise the existing human literature on the association between lithium and hyperparathyroidism.
Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines (last search 27 February 2024), using MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane Library. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of lithium-associated hypercalcemia (LAHca) in lithium-treated patients.
Results: The pooled prevalence of LAHca based on total calcium and ionised calcium was comparable, at 3.17% and 4.23%, respectively. Calcium, and PTH if the patient is hypercalcaemic, is insufficiently measured in lithium-treated patients in clinical practice. Lithium use is associated with higher calcium and PTH levels, as well as a higher incidence of hyperparathyroidism. There is a high prevalence of multiglandular disease in lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism (LAH), with a pooled prevalence of 51.28%. Parathyroid surgery and cinacalcet are effective treatments for LAH. Regarding lithium discontinuation, there is anecdotal but conflicting evidence suggesting that it can result in the resolution of LAH in selected cases.
Conclusions: Lithium treatment increases the risk of hyperparathyroidism, a treatable complication with a pooled prevalence of around 4%, compared to 0.5% in the healthy population.
目的我们旨在回顾和总结有关锂与甲状旁腺功能亢进之间关系的现有人类文献:根据PRISMA指南(最后检索日期为2024年2月27日),使用MEDLINE、Web of Science、Embase和Cochrane图书馆进行了系统性文献检索。通过荟萃分析确定了锂治疗患者中锂相关性高钙血症(LAHca)的患病率:以总钙和离子钙为基础的LAHca综合患病率相当,分别为3.17%和4.23%。在临床实践中,锂治疗患者的钙以及高钙血症患者的 PTH 测量不足。锂的使用与较高的钙和 PTH 水平以及较高的甲状旁腺功能亢进症发病率有关。在锂相关性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(LAH)中,多腺体疾病的发病率很高,汇总发病率为51.28%。甲状旁腺手术和西那卡塞是治疗LAH的有效方法。关于停锂,有轶事但相互矛盾的证据表明,在某些情况下,停锂可导致LAH缓解:结论:锂治疗会增加甲状旁腺机能亢进的风险,这是一种可治疗的并发症,综合患病率约为4%,而健康人群的患病率仅为0.5%。
{"title":"Lithium-associated hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"L Vandermeulen, L Van Melkebeke, P Sienaert","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2024.2393373","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15622975.2024.2393373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to review and summarise the existing human literature on the association between lithium and hyperparathyroidism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines (last search 27 February 2024), using MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane Library. A meta-analysis was performed to determine the prevalence of lithium-associated hypercalcemia (LAH<sub>ca</sub>) in lithium-treated patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled prevalence of LAH<sub>ca</sub> based on total calcium and ionised calcium was comparable, at 3.17% and 4.23%, respectively. Calcium, and PTH if the patient is hypercalcaemic, is insufficiently measured in lithium-treated patients in clinical practice. Lithium use is associated with higher calcium and PTH levels, as well as a higher incidence of hyperparathyroidism. There is a high prevalence of multiglandular disease in lithium-associated hyperparathyroidism (LAH), with a pooled prevalence of 51.28%. Parathyroid surgery and cinacalcet are effective treatments for LAH. Regarding lithium discontinuation, there is anecdotal but conflicting evidence suggesting that it can result in the resolution of LAH in selected cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lithium treatment increases the risk of hyperparathyroidism, a treatable complication with a pooled prevalence of around 4%, compared to 0.5% in the healthy population.</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2024.2369329
Nor Hafizah Zakaria, Anis Fadhlina, Hassan Ibrahim Sheikh, Muhammad Afnan Syakir Hairani, Mohd Syabil Haiman Mohd Fauzi, Fadzilah Adibah Abdul Majid
Objective: Syzygium aromaticum and Coffea canephora are acknowledged for their outstanding antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and nerve-stimulant properties, showcasing potential in brain protection. Therefore, this study aims to quantitatively review existing literature and assess the potential of using it to formulate a herbal tea blend for managing stress and anxiety.
Methods: Data was retrieved from the Scopus database, and a bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer software.
Results: Following a screening process, a total of 121 articles were identified, with S. aromaticum yielding a higher number compared to C. canephora. A detailed exploration of each plant revealed active components such as eugenol, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, caffeine, mangiferin, and chlorogenic acids, each exhibiting stimulatory effects alongside antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The neuroprotective effects were attributed to the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation, coupled with the stimulation of neurotransmitters and hormones like dopamine, serotonin, cortisol, and adrenaline.
Conclusions: The review showed that these plants positively affect mood and cognition by influencing the brain's pleasure system. This suggests the need for further research to combine these plant extracts for developing 'Tenang tea', a potential herbal blend for managing stress and anxiety.
{"title":"Stress-relieving properties of a polyherbal blend with <i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> L. and <i>Coffea canephora</i> Pierre ex A. Froehner: A review and bibliometric analysis.","authors":"Nor Hafizah Zakaria, Anis Fadhlina, Hassan Ibrahim Sheikh, Muhammad Afnan Syakir Hairani, Mohd Syabil Haiman Mohd Fauzi, Fadzilah Adibah Abdul Majid","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2024.2369329","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15622975.2024.2369329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong><i>Syzygium aromaticum</i> and <i>Coffea canephora</i> are acknowledged for their outstanding antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and nerve-stimulant properties, showcasing potential in brain protection. Therefore, this study aims to quantitatively review existing literature and assess the potential of using it to formulate a herbal tea blend for managing stress and anxiety.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data was retrieved from the Scopus database, and a bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following a screening process, a total of 121 articles were identified, with <i>S. aromaticum</i> yielding a higher number compared to <i>C. canephora</i>. A detailed exploration of each plant revealed active components such as eugenol, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, caffeine, mangiferin, and chlorogenic acids, each exhibiting stimulatory effects alongside antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The neuroprotective effects were attributed to the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation, coupled with the stimulation of neurotransmitters and hormones like dopamine, serotonin, cortisol, and adrenaline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The review showed that these plants positively affect mood and cognition by influencing the brain's pleasure system. This suggests the need for further research to combine these plant extracts for developing 'Tenang tea', a potential herbal blend for managing stress and anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2024.2382697
Laurin Mauracher, Jana Serebriakova, Harald Niederstätter, Walther Parson, Timo Schurr, Eberhard A Deisenhammer
Introduction: The acute antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation (SD) in patients with depressive disorders has been studied for more than 60 years. However, hypomanic mood swings after partial or total SD have also been described in people without diagnosed mental disorders. Studying this phenomenon in the general population may yield insights about the mechanisms of therapeutic SD, mania and bipolar disorders.
Methods: A cross-sectional sample of young adults was recruited and classified into those who described having regularly occurring subclinical hypomanic experiences (ROHE) after SD and those who did not. History of psychiatric and physical illness, with screening for depression and mania, as well as alcohol or drug consumption, family history of depressive disorders or suicide, 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, and MEQ-SA chronotype were collected.
Results: A total of 251 participants were included; 39.0% indicated regularly having subclinical hypomanic experiences after SD. These experiences were not associated with depressive or mania screening, history of psychiatric illness, family history, 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, or MEQ-SA chronotype.
Conclusions: ROHE after non-therapeutic SD seem to be a relatively common phenomenon in young adults, independent of depressive mood state. Our results suggest that therapeutic SD may depend on a physiological phenomenon of subclinical affective disturbance after SD that affects a part of the general population, independent of psychiatric diagnosis. Further studies could elucidate associated factors and contribute to our understanding of (hypo-)manic mood states.
{"title":"Subclinical hypomanic experiences in young adults after sleep deprivation are independent of depressive disorders, chronotype or 5-HTTLPR polymorphism.","authors":"Laurin Mauracher, Jana Serebriakova, Harald Niederstätter, Walther Parson, Timo Schurr, Eberhard A Deisenhammer","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2024.2382697","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15622975.2024.2382697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The acute antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation (SD) in patients with depressive disorders has been studied for more than 60 years. However, hypomanic mood swings after partial or total SD have also been described in people without diagnosed mental disorders. Studying this phenomenon in the general population may yield insights about the mechanisms of therapeutic SD, mania and bipolar disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional sample of young adults was recruited and classified into those who described having regularly occurring subclinical hypomanic experiences (ROHE) after SD and those who did not. History of psychiatric and physical illness, with screening for depression and mania, as well as alcohol or drug consumption, family history of depressive disorders or suicide, 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, and MEQ-SA chronotype were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 251 participants were included; 39.0% indicated regularly having subclinical hypomanic experiences after SD. These experiences were not associated with depressive or mania screening, history of psychiatric illness, family history, 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, or MEQ-SA chronotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ROHE after non-therapeutic SD seem to be a relatively common phenomenon in young adults, independent of depressive mood state. Our results suggest that therapeutic SD may depend on a physiological phenomenon of subclinical affective disturbance after SD that affects a part of the general population, independent of psychiatric diagnosis. Further studies could elucidate associated factors and contribute to our understanding of (hypo-)manic mood states.</p>","PeriodicalId":49358,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}