E. Şimşek, Ahmet Alkaya, H. Şereflişan, A. Özyılmaz
: Frogs can be added to a list of different raw materials which have sustainable economic value to their producers. Therefore, the biochemical attributes of the frogs require further scientific scrutiny. The major objective of the current study is to investigate some biochemical compositions of edible portions of Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) grown in different conditions. The wild frogs, semicultured frogs
{"title":"Comparisons of biochemical compositions in marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus)(Anura; Ranidae) grown in different conditions; wild, semicultured and cultured ones","authors":"E. Şimşek, Ahmet Alkaya, H. Şereflişan, A. Özyılmaz","doi":"10.55730/1300-0179.3054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3054","url":null,"abstract":": Frogs can be added to a list of different raw materials which have sustainable economic value to their producers. Therefore, the biochemical attributes of the frogs require further scientific scrutiny. The major objective of the current study is to investigate some biochemical compositions of edible portions of Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771) grown in different conditions. The wild frogs, semicultured frogs","PeriodicalId":49407,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45687354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: This study investigated the feeding patterns of populations of Anopheles sacharovi, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, and Culex pipiens in the Mediterranean and Aegean regions of Turkey. Blood-fed females resting inside barns, houses, and chicken coops in the rural areas were collected between May 2017 and September 2019, and the genomic DNA from each female was isolated to determine the blood source after amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene region. Cytb results showed that out of 445 blood-fed An. sacharovi females 2 blood-fed from dogs, 9 from birds, and 434 from cows. The results also showed that all 216 blood-fed females Cx. tritaeniorhynchus captured fed from cows, 6 out of 97 Cx. pipiens females fed from horses and 91 from birds. The feeding pattern of mosquito populations can be affected by numerous factors such as sampling method, sample size, and host abundance. Although field studies on mosquito feeding patterns do not reveal the feeding preference of such vectors, they provide vital information to understanding of vector and host interactions in the research area. Moreover, these data can give an idea of possible human contact in an environment where various hosts are readily accessible to a given vector mosquito; this is important for the prevention of various human diseases caused by vector mosquitoes.
{"title":"Evaluation of the feeding patterns of important mosquito vector species using molecular techniques","authors":"Fatma Bursalı, F. Şimşek","doi":"10.55730/1300-0179.3087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3087","url":null,"abstract":": This study investigated the feeding patterns of populations of Anopheles sacharovi, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, and Culex pipiens in the Mediterranean and Aegean regions of Turkey. Blood-fed females resting inside barns, houses, and chicken coops in the rural areas were collected between May 2017 and September 2019, and the genomic DNA from each female was isolated to determine the blood source after amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene region. Cytb results showed that out of 445 blood-fed An. sacharovi females 2 blood-fed from dogs, 9 from birds, and 434 from cows. The results also showed that all 216 blood-fed females Cx. tritaeniorhynchus captured fed from cows, 6 out of 97 Cx. pipiens females fed from horses and 91 from birds. The feeding pattern of mosquito populations can be affected by numerous factors such as sampling method, sample size, and host abundance. Although field studies on mosquito feeding patterns do not reveal the feeding preference of such vectors, they provide vital information to understanding of vector and host interactions in the research area. Moreover, these data can give an idea of possible human contact in an environment where various hosts are readily accessible to a given vector mosquito; this is important for the prevention of various human diseases caused by vector mosquitoes.","PeriodicalId":49407,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48056805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Penezić, Milica Kuručki, Neda Bogdanović, Ilija Pantelić, D. Ćirović
: The body condition of three autochthonous canid species in Serbia (wolf– Canis lupus , jackal– Canis aureus, and fox– Vulpes vulpes ) was assessed based on the value of Kidney Fat Index (KFI). A total of 1232 specimens (147 wolves, 711 jackals, and 375 foxes) were collected during a ten years period. Data were analyzed according to multiple factors such as sex, age, seasons, species, and genus. The results indicate that the adult members of the Canis genus have a significantly better body conditional status than the yearlings as well as the representatives of the Vulpes genus (F (2, 900) = 71.465, p = 0.000). Significant differences in KFI across seasons are recorded in jackal (F (3, 542) = 6.912, p < 0.001) and fox (F (3, 371) = 2.675, p < 0.05) populations. Jackals have the highest KFI during winter when females are in significantly better body condition than males. None of these three canid species has shown significant difference in body condition between sexes, although females had slightly higher KFI. Among adult female jackals, a difference in KFI between nursing ones and other adult and pregnant females is observed (H (2, n = 220) = 8.339, p = 0.016). Food deprivation which occurs naturally during the winter months does not affect the body conditional status of these predators which are well prepared for the upcoming breeding season. Considered as a whole, in spite of the differences observed at the genus level, the body condition status of these autochthonous canids measured through KFI index indicates decent average fitness status in wolves, jackals, and foxes in Serbia.
{"title":"Body condition of three autochthonous canid species from Serbia","authors":"A. Penezić, Milica Kuručki, Neda Bogdanović, Ilija Pantelić, D. Ćirović","doi":"10.55730/1300-0179.3102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3102","url":null,"abstract":": The body condition of three autochthonous canid species in Serbia (wolf– Canis lupus , jackal– Canis aureus, and fox– Vulpes vulpes ) was assessed based on the value of Kidney Fat Index (KFI). A total of 1232 specimens (147 wolves, 711 jackals, and 375 foxes) were collected during a ten years period. Data were analyzed according to multiple factors such as sex, age, seasons, species, and genus. The results indicate that the adult members of the Canis genus have a significantly better body conditional status than the yearlings as well as the representatives of the Vulpes genus (F (2, 900) = 71.465, p = 0.000). Significant differences in KFI across seasons are recorded in jackal (F (3, 542) = 6.912, p < 0.001) and fox (F (3, 371) = 2.675, p < 0.05) populations. Jackals have the highest KFI during winter when females are in significantly better body condition than males. None of these three canid species has shown significant difference in body condition between sexes, although females had slightly higher KFI. Among adult female jackals, a difference in KFI between nursing ones and other adult and pregnant females is observed (H (2, n = 220) = 8.339, p = 0.016). Food deprivation which occurs naturally during the winter months does not affect the body conditional status of these predators which are well prepared for the upcoming breeding season. Considered as a whole, in spite of the differences observed at the genus level, the body condition status of these autochthonous canids measured through KFI index indicates decent average fitness status in wolves, jackals, and foxes in Serbia.","PeriodicalId":49407,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47498628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Chelkha, L. Yakkou, Sofia Houida, M. Raouane, S. Amghar, R. Campos-Herrera, A. Harti
: Earthworms influence soil ecosystem functions such as decomposition and regulation of nutrient cycles by burrowing, feeding, or secreting their cutaneous excreta. Earthworms can also modulate soil biodiversity and their interactions. Recent research has revealed that earthworm feeding activity or excretions can alter the performance of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs), known biological control agents. Still, the impact of earthworm cadavers on the growth and reproduction of other biological control agents such as nematophagous fungus (NFs) and EPFs has been poorly explored. We suggest that earthworm body tissue could be used as a food supply by certain fungal species. We hypothesize that fungi with a high adaptive capacity as pathobionts such as NF will use earthworm cadavers to a certain extent, while the growth and reproduction of fungi with limited or specific nutrition needs, such as EPFs, will be restricted. In this study, we evaluated two NF species: a nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys musiformis Drechsler (Orbiliales: Orbiliaceae) and a nematode egg or cyst parasite Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom) (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae), and one EPF species: Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo). We exposed each fungus to two different Aporrectodea molleri extract media at six concentrations in agar medium (n = 3 per treatment) and liquid medium (n = 5): (i) earthworms devoid of intestinal contents (EDG) (C1...C6), and (ii) fresh earthworms (FE) (C1...C6). The use of FE and EDG was designed to discriminate the effect of earthworms’ intestinal content on fungal growth. These treatments were also compared to alternative conventional media potato dextrose agar (PDA) and brain heart infusion (BHI) as the positive controls. We evaluated the vegetative growth capacity daily for 18 days, registering the reproduction at the end of the experiment. We observed that EPF B. bassiana did not grow in FE and EDG solid medium but showed germination in their liquid media. However, both NF species could grow and reproduce in both media but following a species-specific pattern. In all cases, FE and EDG reduced fungal growth compared to PDA and BHI. Our results suggest that the use of earthworm as a resource in natural conditions might depend on the expected specialization, with EPF B. bassiana with the lowest use, NF A. musiformis moderately, and P. lilacinum widely used. The study illustrates the complexity of the soil organisms’ interactions and highlights the necessity to advance the understanding of the contribution of all the beneficial soil organisms in a comprehensive manner.
{"title":"New insights on the impact of earthworm extract on the growth of beneficial soil fungi: species-specific alteration of the nematophagous fungal growth and limitation of an entomopathogenic fungus","authors":"M. Chelkha, L. Yakkou, Sofia Houida, M. Raouane, S. Amghar, R. Campos-Herrera, A. Harti","doi":"10.55730/1300-0179.3100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3100","url":null,"abstract":": Earthworms influence soil ecosystem functions such as decomposition and regulation of nutrient cycles by burrowing, feeding, or secreting their cutaneous excreta. Earthworms can also modulate soil biodiversity and their interactions. Recent research has revealed that earthworm feeding activity or excretions can alter the performance of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs), known biological control agents. Still, the impact of earthworm cadavers on the growth and reproduction of other biological control agents such as nematophagous fungus (NFs) and EPFs has been poorly explored. We suggest that earthworm body tissue could be used as a food supply by certain fungal species. We hypothesize that fungi with a high adaptive capacity as pathobionts such as NF will use earthworm cadavers to a certain extent, while the growth and reproduction of fungi with limited or specific nutrition needs, such as EPFs, will be restricted. In this study, we evaluated two NF species: a nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys musiformis Drechsler (Orbiliales: Orbiliaceae) and a nematode egg or cyst parasite Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom) (Hypocreales: Ophiocordycipitaceae), and one EPF species: Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo). We exposed each fungus to two different Aporrectodea molleri extract media at six concentrations in agar medium (n = 3 per treatment) and liquid medium (n = 5): (i) earthworms devoid of intestinal contents (EDG) (C1...C6), and (ii) fresh earthworms (FE) (C1...C6). The use of FE and EDG was designed to discriminate the effect of earthworms’ intestinal content on fungal growth. These treatments were also compared to alternative conventional media potato dextrose agar (PDA) and brain heart infusion (BHI) as the positive controls. We evaluated the vegetative growth capacity daily for 18 days, registering the reproduction at the end of the experiment. We observed that EPF B. bassiana did not grow in FE and EDG solid medium but showed germination in their liquid media. However, both NF species could grow and reproduce in both media but following a species-specific pattern. In all cases, FE and EDG reduced fungal growth compared to PDA and BHI. Our results suggest that the use of earthworm as a resource in natural conditions might depend on the expected specialization, with EPF B. bassiana with the lowest use, NF A. musiformis moderately, and P. lilacinum widely used. The study illustrates the complexity of the soil organisms’ interactions and highlights the necessity to advance the understanding of the contribution of all the beneficial soil organisms in a comprehensive manner.","PeriodicalId":49407,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48829691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Abstract: This study investigates skull variation between the two closely related hedgehog species, Erinaceus concolor and E. roumanicus by using geometric morphometric analyses based on 2-dimensional landmarks. For this purpose, a total of 68 specimens were evaluated: 54 E. concolor and 14 E. roumanicus. The results of PCA, ANOVA and MANOVA analyses showed significant shape differences between the species, especially for the dorsal cranium. Shape differences were most prominent on the neurocranium and viscerocranium regions of the dorsal surface of the cranium and in mandibular ramus and the premolar regions. DFA tests were statistically significant against the null hypothesis of equal species means and crossvalidation scores were high enough to distinguish the species. Regression analyses also showed highly significant allometric differences between the two species, for both crania and mandibles. Finally, this study indicates that E. roumanicus is not only present in the European part of Turkey, but also in northwestern Anatolia.
{"title":"Discrimination of the sister hedgehog species Erinaceus concolor and E. roumanicus(Erinaceomorpha: Mammalia): a geometric morphometric approach","authors":"Sadık Demirtaş, İ. Gündüz, J. Herman","doi":"10.55730/1300-0179.3051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3051","url":null,"abstract":". Abstract: This study investigates skull variation between the two closely related hedgehog species, Erinaceus concolor and E. roumanicus by using geometric morphometric analyses based on 2-dimensional landmarks. For this purpose, a total of 68 specimens were evaluated: 54 E. concolor and 14 E. roumanicus. The results of PCA, ANOVA and MANOVA analyses showed significant shape differences between the species, especially for the dorsal cranium. Shape differences were most prominent on the neurocranium and viscerocranium regions of the dorsal surface of the cranium and in mandibular ramus and the premolar regions. DFA tests were statistically significant against the null hypothesis of equal species means and crossvalidation scores were high enough to distinguish the species. Regression analyses also showed highly significant allometric differences between the two species, for both crania and mandibles. Finally, this study indicates that E. roumanicus is not only present in the European part of Turkey, but also in northwestern Anatolia.","PeriodicalId":49407,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46197078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Indigenous entomopathogenic fungi as potential biological control agents of rose sawfly, Arge rosae L. (Hymenoptera: Argidae)","authors":"Derya Baki̇, H. Tosun, F. Erler","doi":"10.3906/zoo-2105-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-2105-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49407,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42030072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samanta Letícia LOPES NANZER, G. Recchia, J. CHACON-OROZCO, Raphael SATOCHI ABE SILVA, Jorge FRANCO MARINGOLI CARDOSO, Luis Garrigós Leite
{"title":"Assessment of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria to control the stink bugs Euschistus heros and Dichelops melacanthus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in the soybean-corn succession system","authors":"Samanta Letícia LOPES NANZER, G. Recchia, J. CHACON-OROZCO, Raphael SATOCHI ABE SILVA, Jorge FRANCO MARINGOLI CARDOSO, Luis Garrigós Leite","doi":"10.3906/zoo-2104-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-2104-53","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49407,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41387996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. la Forgia, P. Bruno, R. Campos-Herrera, T. Turlings, F. Verheggen
{"title":"The lure of hidden death: development of an attract-and-kill strategy against Agriotes obscurus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) combining semiochemicals and entomopathogenic nematodes","authors":"D. la Forgia, P. Bruno, R. Campos-Herrera, T. Turlings, F. Verheggen","doi":"10.3906/zoo-2106-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-2106-38","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49407,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48744820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes with plant extracts and post-exposure virulence test under laboratory condition","authors":"A. Oso, Tshimangadzo Ramakuwela, A. Ashafa","doi":"10.3906/zoo-2102-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-2102-32","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49407,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48488490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lamya Ahmed AL- KERIDIS, Rania Ali EL HADI MOHAMED, N. Abutaha, F. Al-Mekhlafi, A. AL-DOAISS, Thikra A. N. Almashaan, M. Wadaan
{"title":"Larvicidal, and cytoxicity of Lepidium sativum L. seed extract against Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae)","authors":"Lamya Ahmed AL- KERIDIS, Rania Ali EL HADI MOHAMED, N. Abutaha, F. Al-Mekhlafi, A. AL-DOAISS, Thikra A. N. Almashaan, M. Wadaan","doi":"10.3906/zoo-2106-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3906/zoo-2106-31","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49407,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45309958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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