{"title":"Evaluating the neotectonic activities of the Eastern Makran at the northern edge of the\u0000triple junction in southwest Pakistan","authors":"W. Khan, Ke Zhang, Hao Liang","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1905","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140488142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shu Liu, Jinbu Li, Fengbo Jin, Haifeng Liu, Mengzhu Wang, Yulin Cheng, Xiaohong Zhong, Hao Lu
{"title":"Genesis of efficient reservoirs in mixed sedimentary setting: a case study of Benxi\u0000Formation in the Gaoqiao area, Ordos Basin","authors":"Shu Liu, Jinbu Li, Fengbo Jin, Haifeng Liu, Mengzhu Wang, Yulin Cheng, Xiaohong Zhong, Hao Lu","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1903","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140488836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mustafa Softa, Fikret Koçbulut, Elif Akgün, Ercan Aksoy, H. Sözbilir, O. Tatar, Volkan Karabacak, Ç. Özkaymak, Mehmet Utku, Ö. Özdağ, Recep Çakir, Ahmet Demir, Gökhan Arslan
: On the 6th of February 2023, Mw 7.7 Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) and Mw 7.6 Ekinözü (Kahramanmaraş) earthquakes that occurred in Türkiye are devastating earthquake series that filled the existing seismic gaps on East Anatolian Fault Zone on the same day. The first Mw 7.7 earthquake caught most people in their sleep and 9 h later, a second one was triggered, ending up with more than 50k death toll, widespread damage to buildings, and massive landslides. This study presents the surface rupture geometry and coseismic displacement characteristics determined with field observations immediately after February 6, 2023, Ekinözü (Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye) earthquake (Mw 7.6). Preliminary implications show that the total rupture length is 130 ± 10 km on the Çardak segment and Doğanşehir segment, known as the northern branch of the East Anatolian Fault Zone. Left lateral strike-slip faulting is developed with a maximum horizontal displacement of 6.60 m and an average displacement of 3.00 m. Furthermore, the pitches of slip lines ranging from 0° to 10° were measured on the neoformed fault planes. In addition to that, surface rupture exhibits restraining bends and releasing bends structure at small scales on the Çardak segment. From this point on, our preliminary results signify that Çardak and Doğanşehir segments were consecutively broken in Mw 7.6 Ekinözü (Kahramanmaraş) earthquake that traced between Göksun and Nurhak region and from there reached the Eskiköy regions. Furthermore, potential stress may be concentrated on not only the Sürgü segment which is on the transfer fault between the northern branch and the southern branch of East Anatolian Fault Zone but also the west of the Çardak segment and the northeast of the Doğanşehir segment near Yeşilyurt (Malatya).
{"title":"Surface rupture during the 6th of February 2023 Mw 7.6 Elbistan-Ekinözü\u0000(Kahramanmaraş) earthquake: implications for fault rupture dynamics along the\u0000northern branch of East Anatolian Fault Zone","authors":"Mustafa Softa, Fikret Koçbulut, Elif Akgün, Ercan Aksoy, H. Sözbilir, O. Tatar, Volkan Karabacak, Ç. Özkaymak, Mehmet Utku, Ö. Özdağ, Recep Çakir, Ahmet Demir, Gökhan Arslan","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1895","url":null,"abstract":": On the 6th of February 2023, Mw 7.7 Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) and Mw 7.6 Ekinözü (Kahramanmaraş) earthquakes that occurred in Türkiye are devastating earthquake series that filled the existing seismic gaps on East Anatolian Fault Zone on the same day. The first Mw 7.7 earthquake caught most people in their sleep and 9 h later, a second one was triggered, ending up with more than 50k death toll, widespread damage to buildings, and massive landslides. This study presents the surface rupture geometry and coseismic displacement characteristics determined with field observations immediately after February 6, 2023, Ekinözü (Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye) earthquake (Mw 7.6). Preliminary implications show that the total rupture length is 130 ± 10 km on the Çardak segment and Doğanşehir segment, known as the northern branch of the East Anatolian Fault Zone. Left lateral strike-slip faulting is developed with a maximum horizontal displacement of 6.60 m and an average displacement of 3.00 m. Furthermore, the pitches of slip lines ranging from 0° to 10° were measured on the neoformed fault planes. In addition to that, surface rupture exhibits restraining bends and releasing bends structure at small scales on the Çardak segment. From this point on, our preliminary results signify that Çardak and Doğanşehir segments were consecutively broken in Mw 7.6 Ekinözü (Kahramanmaraş) earthquake that traced between Göksun and Nurhak region and from there reached the Eskiköy regions. Furthermore, potential stress may be concentrated on not only the Sürgü segment which is on the transfer fault between the northern branch and the southern branch of East Anatolian Fault Zone but also the west of the Çardak segment and the northeast of the Doğanşehir segment near Yeşilyurt (Malatya).","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Şule Gürboğa, Önder Kayadibi, Hafize Akilli, Serap Arikan, Sevilay Tan
. In Abstract: The first M W 7.7 and second M W 7.6 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes were the strongest tectonic events in Eastern Türkiye since the M W 7.9 Erzincan earthquake in 1939. The first and second events occurred on the Pazarcık and Çardak segments of the East Anatolian Fault System, respectively. A subsequent significant earthquake of M W 6.4 occurred in the Antakya fault zone. We summarize preliminary earthquake data and share our previous field observations to better understand the mechanism and provide scientific consequences for future investigations and layout planning. After combining the field observations, kinematic analysis of fault surfaces, investigations of orthophotos, characteristics of mainshocks, and differential interferometry analysis of Sentinel-1A synthetic aperture radar images are used to evaluate the surface deformation from an earth sciences point of view. As a result, field data, paleostress analysis, and deformation zones are found to be completely consistent with the focal mechanism solutions of recent earthquakes. Furthermore, the first M W 7.7 event would have been caused by motion along the Pazarcık and Amanos segments at the same time as a single seismic
.摘要：第一次 MW 7.7 级和第二次 MW 7.6 级卡赫拉曼马拉什地震是自 1939 年 MW 7.9 级埃尔津詹地震以来土耳其东部发生的最强烈的构造事件。第一次和第二次地震分别发生在东安纳托利亚断层系统的 Pazarcık 段和 Çardak 段。随后在安塔基亚断层带又发生了一次 M W 6.4 的大地震。我们总结了初步的地震数据，并分享了之前的实地观测结果，以更好地了解地震机理，并为未来的调查和布局规划提供科学依据。结合实地观测结果，我们对断层表面进行了运动学分析，并对正射影像、主震特征以及哨兵-1A 合成孔径雷达图像的差分干涉测量分析进行了调查，从而从地球科学的角度对地表变形进行了评估。结果发现，现场数据、古应力分析和变形区与近期地震的焦点机制解决方案完全一致。此外，第一次 M W 7.7 事件可能是由沿 Pazarcık 和 Amanos 地段同时发生的一次地震运动引起的。
{"title":"Preliminary results of the great Kahramanmaraş 6 February 2023 Earthquakes (MW 7.7\u0000and 7.6) and 20 February 2023 Antakya Earthquake (MW 6.4), Eastern Türkiye","authors":"Şule Gürboğa, Önder Kayadibi, Hafize Akilli, Serap Arikan, Sevilay Tan","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1896","url":null,"abstract":". In Abstract: The first M W 7.7 and second M W 7.6 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes were the strongest tectonic events in Eastern Türkiye since the M W 7.9 Erzincan earthquake in 1939. The first and second events occurred on the Pazarcık and Çardak segments of the East Anatolian Fault System, respectively. A subsequent significant earthquake of M W 6.4 occurred in the Antakya fault zone. We summarize preliminary earthquake data and share our previous field observations to better understand the mechanism and provide scientific consequences for future investigations and layout planning. After combining the field observations, kinematic analysis of fault surfaces, investigations of orthophotos, characteristics of mainshocks, and differential interferometry analysis of Sentinel-1A synthetic aperture radar images are used to evaluate the surface deformation from an earth sciences point of view. As a result, field data, paleostress analysis, and deformation zones are found to be completely consistent with the focal mechanism solutions of recent earthquakes. Furthermore, the first M W 7.7 event would have been caused by motion along the Pazarcık and Amanos segments at the same time as a single seismic","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hüseyin Öztürk, Craig A. Davis, İbrahim Kuşku, S. Dalgıç, Cem Kasapçi, Muharrem Alper Şengül
: The Mw 7.7 Pazarcık earthquake on February 06, 2023, struck southern Türkiye, causing typical liquefaction along the shores of İskenderun Bay. This liquefaction was characterized by lateral spreading, subsidence, and flooding. Subsidence-triggered sand ejecta, water flows, and opening cracks were identified in areas spanning approximately 2 km in length and 300 m in width. Based on coastal references such as lighthouses or harbor platforms, settlements of 0.8 m and lateral spreading of 0.4% were recorded along the coastal zone following the Pazarcık earthquake. According to camera recordings, liquefaction-related water and silty sand outflows occurred 29 min after the earthquake. The largest water outlet observed had dimensions of 2 m in length, 1 m in width, and 0.5 m in depth. Images captured at the moment of liquefaction show water gushing for 2 m.
{"title":"Soil liquefaction and subsidence disaster in İskenderun related to the 6 February 2023 Pazarcık (Mw: 7.7) and 20 February Defne (Mw: 6.4) earthquakes, Türkiye","authors":"Hüseyin Öztürk, Craig A. Davis, İbrahim Kuşku, S. Dalgıç, Cem Kasapçi, Muharrem Alper Şengül","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1900","url":null,"abstract":": The Mw 7.7 Pazarcık earthquake on February 06, 2023, struck southern Türkiye, causing typical liquefaction along the shores of İskenderun Bay. This liquefaction was characterized by lateral spreading, subsidence, and flooding. Subsidence-triggered sand ejecta, water flows, and opening cracks were identified in areas spanning approximately 2 km in length and 300 m in width. Based on coastal references such as lighthouses or harbor platforms, settlements of 0.8 m and lateral spreading of 0.4% were recorded along the coastal zone following the Pazarcık earthquake. According to camera recordings, liquefaction-related water and silty sand outflows occurred 29 min after the earthquake. The largest water outlet observed had dimensions of 2 m in length, 1 m in width, and 0.5 m in depth. Images captured at the moment of liquefaction show water gushing for 2 m.","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: A devastating earthquake with a magnitude of ( M w = 7.7) occurred on February 06, 2023, in the Pazarcık segment of the Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone, which has not shown major earthquake activity for a long time. On the same day, another earthquake with a magnitude of ( M w = 7.6) occurred in Ekinözü-Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) in the northwest. Three more earthquakes with magnitudes of M w = 6.6, M w = 5.9, and M L = 5.7 occurred on the same day, and significant damage, loss of life, and property occurred in 11 provinces and districts. A sixth earthquake occurred with M w = 6.4 magnitude in Defne-Hatay on February 20, 2023. In addition, more than 32,000 aftershocks were recorded while this study was in progress. The interconnection of these earthquakes was investigated by Coulomb stress analysis. It showed compatibility with the distribution of both these six earthquakes and small aftershocks, in which earthquakes transfer stress to each other during their formation phases. By calculating Coulomb stress changes, mainshock ruptures have played an important role in transferring stresses between Elazığ and Malatya in the northeast, Kahramanmaraş-Göksun in the west, and Hatay and Syria in the south. Also, our calculations showed that shallow depths in and around source zones received positive stress changes (~1.0 bar) due to the focal depths of mainshocks with their aftershocks. Finally, it has been better understood with these earthquakes that the stress transfer time of high-energy earthquakes can be shortened considerably.
:2023 年 2 月 6 日，东安纳托利亚断裂带的帕扎克（Pazarcık）地段发生了一次破坏性地震，震级为 7.7 级。同一天，西北部的埃基诺祖-埃尔比斯坦（卡赫拉曼马拉什）又发生了一次震级为 7.6 级的地震。同一天又发生了 3 次地震，震级分别为 M w = 6.6、M w = 5.9 和 M L = 5.7，11 个省区遭受严重破坏、人员伤亡和财产损失。2023 年 2 月 20 日，德夫内-哈泰发生第六次地震，震级为 M w = 6.4。此外，在本研究进行期间还记录了 32,000 多次余震。库仑应力分析研究了这些地震之间的相互联系。结果表明，这六次地震和小型余震的分布是一致的，即地震在形成阶段会相互传递应力。通过计算库仑应力变化，主震破裂在东北部的埃拉泽（Elazığ）和马拉蒂亚（Malatya）、西部的卡赫拉曼马拉什-戈克松（Kahramanmaraş-Göksun）以及南部的哈塔伊（Hatay）和叙利亚之间的应力传递中发挥了重要作用。此外，我们的计算还表明，由于主震及其余震的焦点深度，震源区及其周围的浅层受到了正应力变化（约 1.0 巴）。最后，我们通过这些地震更好地了解到，高能地震的应力传递时间可以大大缩短。
{"title":"Investigation of earthquake sequence and stress transfer in the Eastern Anatolia Fault Zone by Coulomb stress analysis","authors":"H. Alkan, A. Büyüksaraç, Ö. Bektaş","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1898","url":null,"abstract":": A devastating earthquake with a magnitude of ( M w = 7.7) occurred on February 06, 2023, in the Pazarcık segment of the Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone, which has not shown major earthquake activity for a long time. On the same day, another earthquake with a magnitude of ( M w = 7.6) occurred in Ekinözü-Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) in the northwest. Three more earthquakes with magnitudes of M w = 6.6, M w = 5.9, and M L = 5.7 occurred on the same day, and significant damage, loss of life, and property occurred in 11 provinces and districts. A sixth earthquake occurred with M w = 6.4 magnitude in Defne-Hatay on February 20, 2023. In addition, more than 32,000 aftershocks were recorded while this study was in progress. The interconnection of these earthquakes was investigated by Coulomb stress analysis. It showed compatibility with the distribution of both these six earthquakes and small aftershocks, in which earthquakes transfer stress to each other during their formation phases. By calculating Coulomb stress changes, mainshock ruptures have played an important role in transferring stresses between Elazığ and Malatya in the northeast, Kahramanmaraş-Göksun in the west, and Hatay and Syria in the south. Also, our calculations showed that shallow depths in and around source zones received positive stress changes (~1.0 bar) due to the focal depths of mainshocks with their aftershocks. Finally, it has been better understood with these earthquakes that the stress transfer time of high-energy earthquakes can be shortened considerably.","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
earthquake-Abstract: Three devastating and powerful earthquakes hit the southeastern and eastern parts of Turkey and the northestern part of Syria in February of 2023, causing many earthquake-induced slope movements. One of these major mass movements is called the “Tepehan Rockslide”, which was formed by the first Mw: 7.8 earthquake on February 6 th , 2023 at Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) located in the Altınözü district of Hatay province. The rockslide involved the movement of Middle Miocene basement rocks that consist of clayey limestone, marl, and fine-grained clastic sedimentary rocks. The morphogenetic evaluation of the structure reveals that the Tepehan Rockslide is a very rapidly developed translational interrupted ridge type earthquake-induced large-scale rockslide or a large rock glide that was formed at a distance of 19 km from the surface rupture and 136 km from the earthquake epicentre. Field observations and centimeter-precise numerical data via high resolution Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) footage with a GNSS-RTK mounted module reveal that the approximately E-W oriented longest axis of the structure is 496 m, and the widest profile is 184 m, extending in N-S direction. The total moving mass has been calculated to cover ca. 71,000 m 2 surface area, with an average volume of at least 1.1 million m 3 and total a weight of 2.75 megatons. Comparisons made with its counterparts worldwide show that the Tepehan Rockslide is not a unique earthquake-induced slope movement by itself. However, it is the largest of the detected voluminous rockslide type slope movements formed in the region during the February 2023 earthquakes.
{"title":"Tepehan Rockslide: A large-scale earthquake-induced geological structure formed by\u0000Mw:7.8 Kahramanmaraş (Pazarcık) earthquake, Türkiye","authors":"Ökmen Sümer","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1897","url":null,"abstract":"earthquake-Abstract: Three devastating and powerful earthquakes hit the southeastern and eastern parts of Turkey and the northestern part of Syria in February of 2023, causing many earthquake-induced slope movements. One of these major mass movements is called the “Tepehan Rockslide”, which was formed by the first Mw: 7.8 earthquake on February 6 th , 2023 at Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) located in the Altınözü district of Hatay province. The rockslide involved the movement of Middle Miocene basement rocks that consist of clayey limestone, marl, and fine-grained clastic sedimentary rocks. The morphogenetic evaluation of the structure reveals that the Tepehan Rockslide is a very rapidly developed translational interrupted ridge type earthquake-induced large-scale rockslide or a large rock glide that was formed at a distance of 19 km from the surface rupture and 136 km from the earthquake epicentre. Field observations and centimeter-precise numerical data via high resolution Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) footage with a GNSS-RTK mounted module reveal that the approximately E-W oriented longest axis of the structure is 496 m, and the widest profile is 184 m, extending in N-S direction. The total moving mass has been calculated to cover ca. 71,000 m 2 surface area, with an average volume of at least 1.1 million m 3 and total a weight of 2.75 megatons. Comparisons made with its counterparts worldwide show that the Tepehan Rockslide is not a unique earthquake-induced slope movement by itself. However, it is the largest of the detected voluminous rockslide type slope movements formed in the region during the February 2023 earthquakes.","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Celaletti̇n Şi̇mşek, Görkem Akinci, O. Fistikoglu, Kerem Canli, H. Sözbilir, Azi̇ze Ayol, Efem Bi̇lgi̇ç
. Abstract: On February 6, 2023, two destructive earthquakes of 7.7 M W and 7.6 M W occurred in Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) and Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) at 04:17 and 13:24 hours, respectively. These earthquakes caused a surface rupture with a total length of 450 km in the region with an average displacement of 3 m between the Arabian and Anatolian plates. This study was conducted to investigate the physical deformation of the aquifer system and the current water quality characteristics in the affected region utilizing field observations and on-site analysis of water sources and tap water. The study revealed significant physical changes in the karstic springs and groundwater wells, including turbidity discharges from all karstic springs due to the limestone-covered terra rosa soils in the region, destruction of groundwater wells near the coastal alluvial aquifer due to liquification, significant intrusion of sea water due to settlements caused by liquefaction in the alluvial aquifer, presence of microbiological pathogens carried by particles creating turbidity in the water sources, and presence of microbiological pathogens in some tap waters due to contamination by pollutants resulting from damage to the water and sewerage networks. These preliminary findings suggest that the earthquake-induced shaking and physical deformation impacted the quality of groundwater sources and tap water in the region.
{"title":"Response of water resources to the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes (MW 7.7 and MW 7.6)\u0000that occurred on February 6, 2023, on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (Türkiye)","authors":"Celaletti̇n Şi̇mşek, Görkem Akinci, O. Fistikoglu, Kerem Canli, H. Sözbilir, Azi̇ze Ayol, Efem Bi̇lgi̇ç","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1899","url":null,"abstract":". Abstract: On February 6, 2023, two destructive earthquakes of 7.7 M W and 7.6 M W occurred in Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş) and Elbistan (Kahramanmaraş) at 04:17 and 13:24 hours, respectively. These earthquakes caused a surface rupture with a total length of 450 km in the region with an average displacement of 3 m between the Arabian and Anatolian plates. This study was conducted to investigate the physical deformation of the aquifer system and the current water quality characteristics in the affected region utilizing field observations and on-site analysis of water sources and tap water. The study revealed significant physical changes in the karstic springs and groundwater wells, including turbidity discharges from all karstic springs due to the limestone-covered terra rosa soils in the region, destruction of groundwater wells near the coastal alluvial aquifer due to liquification, significant intrusion of sea water due to settlements caused by liquefaction in the alluvial aquifer, presence of microbiological pathogens carried by particles creating turbidity in the water sources, and presence of microbiological pathogens in some tap waters due to contamination by pollutants resulting from damage to the water and sewerage networks. These preliminary findings suggest that the earthquake-induced shaking and physical deformation impacted the quality of groundwater sources and tap water in the region.","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The South Shetland Islands were shaped by island arc volcanism that occurred from the Jurassic to the Quaternary. Robert Island is located in the center of this archipelago, and Coppermine Peninsula, located on the southwestern part of Robert Island, exposures significant rock outcrops of basalts and andesitic-basaltic agglomerates of the Coppermine Formation. The investigated samples were collected during Turkish Antarctic Expedition 2 (TAE-II), in March–April 2018, from the area northeast of Triplet Hill. The volcanic rocks exhibited an amygdaloidal microlithic-porphyritic texture. Subhedral to anhedral phenocrysts of labradorite, augite, and olivine were observed with holocrystalline groundmass composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, and opaques. Petrographic studies revealed that the vesicles were initially coated with clay minerals, and X-ray diffraction studies showed that mostly analcime and carbonates, and less amount of zeolites filled the vesicles. Herein, it was aimed to discuss the analcime formation. Fluid inclusion studies performed on the analcime revealed homogenization temperatures ranging from 83 to 268 °C. The eutectic temperatures of the fluid inclusions suggested that these minerals were formed from NaCl-dominated solutions that contained a limited amount of MgCl 2 and CaCl 2 . The salinity of these inclusions ranged between 0.2–2.9 wt.% NaCl equivalent, and exhibited final ice melting temperatures of –1.7 to –0.1 °C. These salinity values, which are lower than the average salinity values of seawater, suggest that the formation of the analcime and the fibrous zeolites (thomsonite and stilbite) was closely associated with meteoric solutions. Consequently, the salinity values of the fluid inclusions suggest the mixing of meteoric waters form from glaciers and seawater at different rates.
{"title":"The petrogenesis of analcime in the Coppermine Formation on Robert Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica","authors":"Raif Kandemir, Yılmaz Demi̇r, Cüneyt Şen, Ufuk Celal Yağcıoğlu","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1886","url":null,"abstract":": The South Shetland Islands were shaped by island arc volcanism that occurred from the Jurassic to the Quaternary. Robert Island is located in the center of this archipelago, and Coppermine Peninsula, located on the southwestern part of Robert Island, exposures significant rock outcrops of basalts and andesitic-basaltic agglomerates of the Coppermine Formation. The investigated samples were collected during Turkish Antarctic Expedition 2 (TAE-II), in March–April 2018, from the area northeast of Triplet Hill. The volcanic rocks exhibited an amygdaloidal microlithic-porphyritic texture. Subhedral to anhedral phenocrysts of labradorite, augite, and olivine were observed with holocrystalline groundmass composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, and opaques. Petrographic studies revealed that the vesicles were initially coated with clay minerals, and X-ray diffraction studies showed that mostly analcime and carbonates, and less amount of zeolites filled the vesicles. Herein, it was aimed to discuss the analcime formation. Fluid inclusion studies performed on the analcime revealed homogenization temperatures ranging from 83 to 268 °C. The eutectic temperatures of the fluid inclusions suggested that these minerals were formed from NaCl-dominated solutions that contained a limited amount of MgCl 2 and CaCl 2 . The salinity of these inclusions ranged between 0.2–2.9 wt.% NaCl equivalent, and exhibited final ice melting temperatures of –1.7 to –0.1 °C. These salinity values, which are lower than the average salinity values of seawater, suggest that the formation of the analcime and the fibrous zeolites (thomsonite and stilbite) was closely associated with meteoric solutions. Consequently, the salinity values of the fluid inclusions suggest the mixing of meteoric waters form from glaciers and seawater at different rates.","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139216623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. O. Selbesoğlu, M. Karabulut, Özgün Oktar, Burak Akpinar, Oleg Vassilev, Mehmet Arkali, Şeyma Nur Tufan, Alptuğ Şeref Ayyildiz, Esra Günaydin, Atilla Yilmaz, Doğaç Baybars Işiler, B. Özsoy
: Unmanned aerial systems have a wide range of uses in studying the impacts of climate change over several fields. Recently, its combination with a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) technology has been demonstrated to be highly effective for surveying glaciers, especially in difficult and inaccessible terrains like Antarctica. In this context, this study focused on exploring the potential of using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-GPR to measure the depth of glaciers on Horseshoe Island, West Antarctica. The data were collected during the seventh Turkish Antarctic Expedition (TAE-VII) in February and March 2023, within the scope of the international project titled “Glacier monitoring and 3D modeling in Horseshoe Island Antarctica based on UAV-GPR observations”, carried out by the bilateral cooperation of İstanbul Technical University and the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. In order to determine the depth of the glacier, this investigation utilized both terrestrial GPR and UAV-GPR data. The UAV-GPR depth was determined as 9 cm root mean square error as a consequence of comparison with terrestrial GPR results. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that measurements performed with the UAV were completed approximately 25 times faster than those conducted with the terrestrial GPR, demonstrating a significant efficiency benefit. As a result, it can be concluded that using the airborne GPR approach offers a beneficial and effective way to undertake surveys of glaciers quickly and affordably with promising accuracy.
{"title":"Accuracy assessment of glacier depth monitoring based on UAV-GPR on Horseshoe Island, Antarctica","authors":"M. O. Selbesoğlu, M. Karabulut, Özgün Oktar, Burak Akpinar, Oleg Vassilev, Mehmet Arkali, Şeyma Nur Tufan, Alptuğ Şeref Ayyildiz, Esra Günaydin, Atilla Yilmaz, Doğaç Baybars Işiler, B. Özsoy","doi":"10.55730/1300-0985.1889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0985.1889","url":null,"abstract":": Unmanned aerial systems have a wide range of uses in studying the impacts of climate change over several fields. Recently, its combination with a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) technology has been demonstrated to be highly effective for surveying glaciers, especially in difficult and inaccessible terrains like Antarctica. In this context, this study focused on exploring the potential of using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-GPR to measure the depth of glaciers on Horseshoe Island, West Antarctica. The data were collected during the seventh Turkish Antarctic Expedition (TAE-VII) in February and March 2023, within the scope of the international project titled “Glacier monitoring and 3D modeling in Horseshoe Island Antarctica based on UAV-GPR observations”, carried out by the bilateral cooperation of İstanbul Technical University and the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. In order to determine the depth of the glacier, this investigation utilized both terrestrial GPR and UAV-GPR data. The UAV-GPR depth was determined as 9 cm root mean square error as a consequence of comparison with terrestrial GPR results. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that measurements performed with the UAV were completed approximately 25 times faster than those conducted with the terrestrial GPR, demonstrating a significant efficiency benefit. As a result, it can be concluded that using the airborne GPR approach offers a beneficial and effective way to undertake surveys of glaciers quickly and affordably with promising accuracy.","PeriodicalId":49411,"journal":{"name":"Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139218474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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