Eric C. Munscher, J. D. Riedle, Arron Tuggle, J. Gray, D. B. Ligon, V. Gladkaya, C. Drake, R. Couvillon, Jonathon Bolton, Madeleine Morrison, B. Butterfield, A. Walde
Abstract - Understanding population demographics of Macrochelys temminckii (Alligator Snapping Turtle) requires long-term studies. Most previous studies do not provide demographic population data. We conducted a mark–recapture study of M. temminckii inhabiting Buffalo Bayou in Harris County, TX, from October 2016 through August 2021. We captured 110 unique individuals during 465 trap nights and recorded 45 recaptures. We generated 8 biological metrics. Capture per unit effort varied from 0.267 to 0.547 turtles per trap-night, the population estimate was 173 turtles (95% CI:138–250), the sex ratio was 1.00 M:1.28 F, and density and biomass estimates were 4.43 turtles/river km and 89.9 kg/km, respectively. Given that anthropogenic risks to this urban population may increase, continued monitoring and research is warranted.
{"title":"Demography of an Urban Population of Alligator Snapping Turtles (Macrochelys temminckii) in Texas","authors":"Eric C. Munscher, J. D. Riedle, Arron Tuggle, J. Gray, D. B. Ligon, V. Gladkaya, C. Drake, R. Couvillon, Jonathon Bolton, Madeleine Morrison, B. Butterfield, A. Walde","doi":"10.1656/058.022.0sp1213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/058.022.0sp1213","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - Understanding population demographics of Macrochelys temminckii (Alligator Snapping Turtle) requires long-term studies. Most previous studies do not provide demographic population data. We conducted a mark–recapture study of M. temminckii inhabiting Buffalo Bayou in Harris County, TX, from October 2016 through August 2021. We captured 110 unique individuals during 465 trap nights and recorded 45 recaptures. We generated 8 biological metrics. Capture per unit effort varied from 0.267 to 0.547 turtles per trap-night, the population estimate was 173 turtles (95% CI:138–250), the sex ratio was 1.00 M:1.28 F, and density and biomass estimates were 4.43 turtles/river km and 89.9 kg/km, respectively. Given that anthropogenic risks to this urban population may increase, continued monitoring and research is warranted.","PeriodicalId":49490,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Naturalist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89609155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erin A. Manzitto‐Tripp, Seth J. Raynor, Carly R. Anderson Stewart
Abstract - Our recent fieldwork to collect lichens in northern Alabama, with an emphasis on the terminus of the southern Appalachian Mountains, illuminated previously undocumented lichen species in this region of exceptional biodiversity. Numerous new and significant records are presented, including species disjunct both from more northerly latitudes as well as subtropical southerly latitudes: Dibaeis sorediata, Lobaria pulmonaria, Ricasolia quercizans, and the extremely rare Rinodina chrysomeleana. Despite exceptional and noteworthy lichen biodiversity, there exist only 2 large blocks of relatively high quality, undisturbed land in the northern half of the state: Bankhead National Forest and Skyline Wildlife Management Area. This situation, in combination with discovery of exceptional lichen biodiversity, calls for urgency in conservation measures and land protection throughout northern Alabama.
{"title":"Diversity of Lichens in Northern Alabama Yields Evidence of an Exceptionally Diverse Biota","authors":"Erin A. Manzitto‐Tripp, Seth J. Raynor, Carly R. Anderson Stewart","doi":"10.1656/058.022.0205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/058.022.0205","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - Our recent fieldwork to collect lichens in northern Alabama, with an emphasis on the terminus of the southern Appalachian Mountains, illuminated previously undocumented lichen species in this region of exceptional biodiversity. Numerous new and significant records are presented, including species disjunct both from more northerly latitudes as well as subtropical southerly latitudes: Dibaeis sorediata, Lobaria pulmonaria, Ricasolia quercizans, and the extremely rare Rinodina chrysomeleana. Despite exceptional and noteworthy lichen biodiversity, there exist only 2 large blocks of relatively high quality, undisturbed land in the northern half of the state: Bankhead National Forest and Skyline Wildlife Management Area. This situation, in combination with discovery of exceptional lichen biodiversity, calls for urgency in conservation measures and land protection throughout northern Alabama.","PeriodicalId":49490,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Naturalist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81824774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract - Stored food and developing brood are attractive to parasitic arthropod invaders that exploit the industry of solitary hymenopterans. In this study, we collected and identified arthropod invaders of artificial nest sites designed for and used by solitary bees and wasps (Hymenoptera: Apoidea and Vespoidea). We collected parasitic arthropods emerging from the nests weekly for 3 years. We plotted annual nesting and emergence data for each species that invaded >10 bee/wasp nests and present the yearly/seasonal nesting trends for each parasite species. In total, arthropod invaders emerged from 265 or 15% of the viable bee- or wasp-constructed nests (n = 1765). Of the 265 parasitized nests, 6 (2.3%) were parasitized by mites, 14 (5.2%) were parasitized by bees, 20 (7.5%) were parasitized by beetles, 86 (32.5%) were parasitized by flies, and 139 (52.4%) were parasitized by wasps. These results provide a baseline for future comparisons of the parasitism rates of nests made by tunnel-nesting, solitary bees and wasps in north central Florida.
{"title":"Uninvited Guests: Identifying Parasites and Other Nest Associates of Solitary Bees and Wasps Using Artificial Nest Sites in North Central Florida","authors":"Jason R. Graham, J. Campbell, J. Ellis","doi":"10.1656/058.022.0206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/058.022.0206","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - Stored food and developing brood are attractive to parasitic arthropod invaders that exploit the industry of solitary hymenopterans. In this study, we collected and identified arthropod invaders of artificial nest sites designed for and used by solitary bees and wasps (Hymenoptera: Apoidea and Vespoidea). We collected parasitic arthropods emerging from the nests weekly for 3 years. We plotted annual nesting and emergence data for each species that invaded >10 bee/wasp nests and present the yearly/seasonal nesting trends for each parasite species. In total, arthropod invaders emerged from 265 or 15% of the viable bee- or wasp-constructed nests (n = 1765). Of the 265 parasitized nests, 6 (2.3%) were parasitized by mites, 14 (5.2%) were parasitized by bees, 20 (7.5%) were parasitized by beetles, 86 (32.5%) were parasitized by flies, and 139 (52.4%) were parasitized by wasps. These results provide a baseline for future comparisons of the parasitism rates of nests made by tunnel-nesting, solitary bees and wasps in north central Florida.","PeriodicalId":49490,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Naturalist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89424755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract- Herein we report on the collection of 9 Ameiurus brunneus (Snail Bullhead) individuals from 2 major stream systems in the middle Tallapoosa River in Chambers and Randolph counties, AL. These specimens represent the first catalogued records of Snail Bullhead from the Tallapoosa River and constitute a range extension for this species. These records cohere with previous evidence suggesting that reciprocal stream captures took place between the Chattahoochee and Middle Tallapoosa watersheds.
{"title":"First Records of Ameiurus brunneus (Snail Bullhead) from the Tallapoosa River Watershed, Alabama, with Comments on Mobile–Chattahoochee Stream Captures","authors":"Bryson G. Hilburn, J. Dattilo","doi":"10.1656/058.022.0204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/058.022.0204","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract- Herein we report on the collection of 9 Ameiurus brunneus (Snail Bullhead) individuals from 2 major stream systems in the middle Tallapoosa River in Chambers and Randolph counties, AL. These specimens represent the first catalogued records of Snail Bullhead from the Tallapoosa River and constitute a range extension for this species. These records cohere with previous evidence suggesting that reciprocal stream captures took place between the Chattahoochee and Middle Tallapoosa watersheds.","PeriodicalId":49490,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Naturalist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86699718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matt Metcalf, Jade Johnson, Alexandra Cooper, Alexander Marsh, Charles W. Gunnels, John E. Herman
Abstract - Gopherus polyphemus (Gopher Tortoise) is a federally listed or state threatened species throughout its range due to significant declines in its populations, largely due to habitat loss and fragmentation. Many Gopher Tortoises reside on private lands in human-impacted and urbanized areas, yet the value of these populations to the conservation of the species is unclear. We conducted a radio-telemetry study on a population of Gopher Tortoises in a residential neighborhood in Cape Coral, FL, to determine if they could be benefitting from their location within an urban environment (i.e., whether or not they are “urbanophiles”). Some findings suggested that these tortoises could exist in an urban environment. There were no confirmed mortalities among the 10 tortoises in the year-long study, though 1 male dispersed from the area and later disappeared after 6 months. The mean annual home ranges (100% MCP) were 1.19 ha (min–max: 0.39–2.71 ha) for females (n = 5) and 1.13 ha (min–max: 0.51–1.72 ha) for males (n = 4), which are comparable to home-range sizes in natural habitats. However, other findings suggested that this urban landscape limited the animals. Gopher Tortoises rarely crossed roads (5% of all movements) and avoided lots with houses and associated human structures, in favor of undeveloped lots. Efforts to sustain these animals in urban environments can start implementing management strategies that integrate greenspaces within urban landscapes as an additional approach to protect this threatened species. This study suggests that adult Gopher Tortoises are adaptable and tolerant to high levles of urbanization and human disturbance, yet the degree to which tortoises can persist over time in these landscapes needs further exploration.
{"title":"Movement Ecology of Gopher Tortoises in a Residential Neighborhood in Southwest Florida","authors":"Matt Metcalf, Jade Johnson, Alexandra Cooper, Alexander Marsh, Charles W. Gunnels, John E. Herman","doi":"10.1656/058.022.0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/058.022.0203","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - Gopherus polyphemus (Gopher Tortoise) is a federally listed or state threatened species throughout its range due to significant declines in its populations, largely due to habitat loss and fragmentation. Many Gopher Tortoises reside on private lands in human-impacted and urbanized areas, yet the value of these populations to the conservation of the species is unclear. We conducted a radio-telemetry study on a population of Gopher Tortoises in a residential neighborhood in Cape Coral, FL, to determine if they could be benefitting from their location within an urban environment (i.e., whether or not they are “urbanophiles”). Some findings suggested that these tortoises could exist in an urban environment. There were no confirmed mortalities among the 10 tortoises in the year-long study, though 1 male dispersed from the area and later disappeared after 6 months. The mean annual home ranges (100% MCP) were 1.19 ha (min–max: 0.39–2.71 ha) for females (n = 5) and 1.13 ha (min–max: 0.51–1.72 ha) for males (n = 4), which are comparable to home-range sizes in natural habitats. However, other findings suggested that this urban landscape limited the animals. Gopher Tortoises rarely crossed roads (5% of all movements) and avoided lots with houses and associated human structures, in favor of undeveloped lots. Efforts to sustain these animals in urban environments can start implementing management strategies that integrate greenspaces within urban landscapes as an additional approach to protect this threatened species. This study suggests that adult Gopher Tortoises are adaptable and tolerant to high levles of urbanization and human disturbance, yet the degree to which tortoises can persist over time in these landscapes needs further exploration.","PeriodicalId":49490,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Naturalist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84785720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract - The Arctiinae species Pseudocharis minima (Lesser Wasp Moth) is considered imperiled according to Florida Natural Areas Inventory but little had been published on its life history. We describe the life history of the Lesser Wasp Moth descriptively and quantitatively while providing images of eggs, larval instars, pupae, and adults. We describe a variance in the number of larval instars from 6 to 8. We also report the first field observations of Lesser Wasp Moths utilizing Crossopetalum rhcoma (Maidenberry) for egg laying and larval consumption. The mean life-cycle duration is ∼61 days and can provide about 6 generations in a single year. We anticipate that our research will aid in the management of native pine rockland habitats for the Lesser Wasp Moth as well as laying the groundwork for conservation efforts in the event of possible further population declines.
{"title":"The Life History and Ecology of the Lesser Wasp Moth, Pseudocharis minima, (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Euchromiina) in the Pine Rocklands of South Florida","authors":"Tiffany Moore, Frank N. Ridgley","doi":"10.1656/058.022.0201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/058.022.0201","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract - The Arctiinae species Pseudocharis minima (Lesser Wasp Moth) is considered imperiled according to Florida Natural Areas Inventory but little had been published on its life history. We describe the life history of the Lesser Wasp Moth descriptively and quantitatively while providing images of eggs, larval instars, pupae, and adults. We describe a variance in the number of larval instars from 6 to 8. We also report the first field observations of Lesser Wasp Moths utilizing Crossopetalum rhcoma (Maidenberry) for egg laying and larval consumption. The mean life-cycle duration is ∼61 days and can provide about 6 generations in a single year. We anticipate that our research will aid in the management of native pine rockland habitats for the Lesser Wasp Moth as well as laying the groundwork for conservation efforts in the event of possible further population declines.","PeriodicalId":49490,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Naturalist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75364366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Perimyotis subflavus (Tricolored Bat) was once common across the eastern United States, but in recent years, populations have declined drastically across the species' range, mainly because of mortality caused by white-nose syndrome. The fungus that causes white-nose syndrome has not been detected in Florida, and therefore the state may represent an important stronghold for the Tricolored Bat. We counted Tricolored Bats in Florida caves in January and February from 2014 to 2022 to better determine population size and document trends in abundance before the potential arrival of white-nose syndrome. We modeled trends in counts over time on the entire count dataset and on subsets based on karst region and cave size. In addition, we fit mixed-effects Poisson regression models to understand the influence of cave characteristics and investigator disturbance on Tricolored Bat counts. Models of statewide bat counts exhibited a strongly decreasing trend (mean = -17% per year) with a 67% decrease overall across the study period. Warmer temperatures on the day of survey were associated with lower counts, and longer caves were associated with higher counts. We did not find an impact of investigator disturbance on bat counts. Although ambient temperatures influenced observed numbers, we cannot exclude the possibility that these long-term declines are the result of undetected or indirect losses from white-nose syndrome. It is unknown if Tricolored Bats roosting in other locations that are not routinely monitored (e.g., trees) are experiencing similar declines; thus, incorporating other monitoring methods would improve the understanding of Tricolored Bat population trends.
{"title":"Decline of Tricolored Bats (Perimyotis subflavus) in Florida Caves in Winter","authors":"L. Smith, A. Sylvia, T. Doonan, J. Gore","doi":"10.1656/058.022.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/058.022.0202","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Perimyotis subflavus (Tricolored Bat) was once common across the eastern United States, but in recent years, populations have declined drastically across the species' range, mainly because of mortality caused by white-nose syndrome. The fungus that causes white-nose syndrome has not been detected in Florida, and therefore the state may represent an important stronghold for the Tricolored Bat. We counted Tricolored Bats in Florida caves in January and February from 2014 to 2022 to better determine population size and document trends in abundance before the potential arrival of white-nose syndrome. We modeled trends in counts over time on the entire count dataset and on subsets based on karst region and cave size. In addition, we fit mixed-effects Poisson regression models to understand the influence of cave characteristics and investigator disturbance on Tricolored Bat counts. Models of statewide bat counts exhibited a strongly decreasing trend (mean = -17% per year) with a 67% decrease overall across the study period. Warmer temperatures on the day of survey were associated with lower counts, and longer caves were associated with higher counts. We did not find an impact of investigator disturbance on bat counts. Although ambient temperatures influenced observed numbers, we cannot exclude the possibility that these long-term declines are the result of undetected or indirect losses from white-nose syndrome. It is unknown if Tricolored Bats roosting in other locations that are not routinely monitored (e.g., trees) are experiencing similar declines; thus, incorporating other monitoring methods would improve the understanding of Tricolored Bat population trends.","PeriodicalId":49490,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Naturalist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79346585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joshua B. Mouser, Josh Johnston, M. Niemiller, S. Brewer
Abstract Troglichthys (= Amblyopsis) rosae (Ozark Cavefish) is currently known from 83 locations within the Ozark Highlands ecoregion. We found a cavefish at a new location in the Grand Lake O' the Cherokees on the western side of the Neosho River (Delaware County, OK), which is on the northwest periphery of the Ozark Cavefish range. Examination of the mitochondrial ND2 gene supports that the specimen is an Ozark Cavefish, but distinct (4.6–9.2% pairwise distance) from other specimens that have been genetically sampled, and could represent a unique population. Future research should focus on expanding sampling efforts and conducting a range-wide genetic analysis of the Ozark Cavefish.
摘要Troglichthys (= Amblyopsis) rosae (Ozark Cavefish)目前在Ozark高地生态区内的83个地点被发现。我们在尼奥肖河(Delaware County, OK)西侧的切罗基大湖中的一个新位置发现了一条洞穴鱼，它位于欧扎克洞穴鱼范围的西北边缘。线粒体ND2基因的检测支持该标本是一条欧扎克洞穴鱼，但与其他遗传样本不同(4.6-9.2%的成对距离)，可能代表一个独特的种群。未来的研究应该集中在扩大取样工作和对欧扎克洞穴鱼进行广泛的遗传分析。
{"title":"A Fisherman's Tale: An Unusual Observation of the Ozark Cavefish, Troglichthys (= Amblyopsis) Rosae (Eigenmann)","authors":"Joshua B. Mouser, Josh Johnston, M. Niemiller, S. Brewer","doi":"10.1656/058.022.0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/058.022.0114","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Troglichthys (= Amblyopsis) rosae (Ozark Cavefish) is currently known from 83 locations within the Ozark Highlands ecoregion. We found a cavefish at a new location in the Grand Lake O' the Cherokees on the western side of the Neosho River (Delaware County, OK), which is on the northwest periphery of the Ozark Cavefish range. Examination of the mitochondrial ND2 gene supports that the specimen is an Ozark Cavefish, but distinct (4.6–9.2% pairwise distance) from other specimens that have been genetically sampled, and could represent a unique population. Future research should focus on expanding sampling efforts and conducting a range-wide genetic analysis of the Ozark Cavefish.","PeriodicalId":49490,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Naturalist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75012589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Estuaries are home to diverse, abundant fish communities. As increasing coastal development, habitat alteration and loss, and changes in water quality potentially impact fish biomass and biodiversity within estuaries, it is important to monitor for and understand changes in these important parameters, particularly as they relate to water quality. This study examined the relationships between fish catch per unit effort, fish biodiversity, and water-quality parameters—specifically phytoplankton biomass, phytoplankton biodiversity, and nutrient concentrations—from 2014 to 2016 within a lagoonal northeast Florida estuary. For this region, this is the first reported examination of the relationships between fish biodiversity, fish catch, and water quality that includes phytoplankton biomass and nutrients. We carried out monthly fish seine-net sampling, phytoplankton net tows, and water-quality sampling at 4 sites within the Guana–Tolomato–Matanzas estuary. Sites closer to Matanzas Inlet had lower fish biodiversity and higher fish catch per unit effort. Fish catch per unit effort and fish biodiversity showed a large degree of temporal variation and showed correlations with temperature, chlorophyll-a, and phytoplankton biodiversity. We examined differences between sites among fish communities in terms of water-residence time, phytoplankton biomass, and nutrient concentrations. The correlations of fish community biodiversity and CPUE with temperature, chlorophyll-a, and phytoplankton biodiversity, while important, likely represent only a subset of all the drivers regarding environmental conditions, habitat, prey, and predation, all of which influence fish community composition.
{"title":"The Nearshore Nekton Community in Relation to Phytoplankton Biomass, Biodiversity, and Water Quality in a Northeast Florida Lagoonal Estuary System","authors":"Matthew T. Brown, Edward J. McGinley","doi":"10.1656/058.022.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/058.022.0113","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Estuaries are home to diverse, abundant fish communities. As increasing coastal development, habitat alteration and loss, and changes in water quality potentially impact fish biomass and biodiversity within estuaries, it is important to monitor for and understand changes in these important parameters, particularly as they relate to water quality. This study examined the relationships between fish catch per unit effort, fish biodiversity, and water-quality parameters—specifically phytoplankton biomass, phytoplankton biodiversity, and nutrient concentrations—from 2014 to 2016 within a lagoonal northeast Florida estuary. For this region, this is the first reported examination of the relationships between fish biodiversity, fish catch, and water quality that includes phytoplankton biomass and nutrients. We carried out monthly fish seine-net sampling, phytoplankton net tows, and water-quality sampling at 4 sites within the Guana–Tolomato–Matanzas estuary. Sites closer to Matanzas Inlet had lower fish biodiversity and higher fish catch per unit effort. Fish catch per unit effort and fish biodiversity showed a large degree of temporal variation and showed correlations with temperature, chlorophyll-a, and phytoplankton biodiversity. We examined differences between sites among fish communities in terms of water-residence time, phytoplankton biomass, and nutrient concentrations. The correlations of fish community biodiversity and CPUE with temperature, chlorophyll-a, and phytoplankton biodiversity, while important, likely represent only a subset of all the drivers regarding environmental conditions, habitat, prey, and predation, all of which influence fish community composition.","PeriodicalId":49490,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Naturalist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86706870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jenna N. Palmisano, T. Farrell, Corinna M. Hazelrig, Michael N. Brennan
Abstract The spillover of an invasive lung parasite, Raillietiella orientalis, is an important conservation concern for snake species in the southeastern US, as native snake hosts exhibit severe infections that can be fatal. In this report, we used opportunistic captures of road-killed snakes to document the presence of R. orientalis in 4 central Florida counties where it had not previously been documented. These new localities expand the known range of R. orientalis on the eastern and western coasts of Florida as well as fill in gaps of its known range. In 2 of 4 cases, R. orientalis individuals moved into the snake's mouth and emerged after host death. This evidence indicates that the use of road-killed specimens of frequently infected snake species may be a useful method for detecting R. orientalis. Additional surveys for R. orientalis are needed throughout the southeastern US, as this parasite is a major conservation concern for many snake species, its use of synanthropic intermediate hosts make its geographic spread unpredictable, and it is rapidly infiltrating additional populations of snakes.
{"title":"Documenting Range Expansion of the Invasive Pentastome Parasite, Raillietiella orientalis, Using Southern Black Racer and Eastern Coachwhip Road Mortality","authors":"Jenna N. Palmisano, T. Farrell, Corinna M. Hazelrig, Michael N. Brennan","doi":"10.1656/058.022.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1656/058.022.0110","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The spillover of an invasive lung parasite, Raillietiella orientalis, is an important conservation concern for snake species in the southeastern US, as native snake hosts exhibit severe infections that can be fatal. In this report, we used opportunistic captures of road-killed snakes to document the presence of R. orientalis in 4 central Florida counties where it had not previously been documented. These new localities expand the known range of R. orientalis on the eastern and western coasts of Florida as well as fill in gaps of its known range. In 2 of 4 cases, R. orientalis individuals moved into the snake's mouth and emerged after host death. This evidence indicates that the use of road-killed specimens of frequently infected snake species may be a useful method for detecting R. orientalis. Additional surveys for R. orientalis are needed throughout the southeastern US, as this parasite is a major conservation concern for many snake species, its use of synanthropic intermediate hosts make its geographic spread unpredictable, and it is rapidly infiltrating additional populations of snakes.","PeriodicalId":49490,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Naturalist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78388104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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