So far, education that has been identified with Islam has placed more emphasis on the Islamic context. In fact, history provides information that every Muslim leadership reached the civilization phase. On the other hand, this civilization seems far from religious values. So the Muwahhidun dynasty had its own uniqueness in the development of Islamic education, that this dynasty was a religious movement pioneered by Ibn Tumart who was of the Ash'ariah faith. Historians call it the Muwahhidun dynasty when they controlled political power. During the al-Muhawwidun dynasty, education and teaching patterns were carried out very well, this cannot be separated from the figure of Abu Ya'qub Yusuf who was known as a lover of knowledge, able to develop not only educational infrastructure including the construction of the great mosque (al-majid al-kabir ) and buildings of high architectural value in Seville and Morocco, but also encouraged the development of science, especially medicine and philosophy. There were many teaching institutions that this dynasty relied on in establishing sovereignty and spreading culture. Among the established educational institutions are madrasas consisting of Kuttab, Zawiyah and Idariyah madrasas (administrative schools), Thibbiyah Madrasas (health schools) and Fallahiyah Madrasas (marine schools). This educational institution is a forum for cadres of the Muslim generation as employees needed by the state, improving public health and social welfare.
{"title":"Dynamics of Islamic Education During the Muwahhidun Dynasty","authors":"Sapirin Sapirin","doi":"10.51178/ce.v4i2.1584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51178/ce.v4i2.1584","url":null,"abstract":"So far, education that has been identified with Islam has placed more emphasis on the Islamic context. In fact, history provides information that every Muslim leadership reached the civilization phase. On the other hand, this civilization seems far from religious values. So the Muwahhidun dynasty had its own uniqueness in the development of Islamic education, that this dynasty was a religious movement pioneered by Ibn Tumart who was of the Ash'ariah faith. Historians call it the Muwahhidun dynasty when they controlled political power. During the al-Muhawwidun dynasty, education and teaching patterns were carried out very well, this cannot be separated from the figure of Abu Ya'qub Yusuf who was known as a lover of knowledge, able to develop not only educational infrastructure including the construction of the great mosque (al-majid al-kabir ) and buildings of high architectural value in Seville and Morocco, but also encouraged the development of science, especially medicine and philosophy. There were many teaching institutions that this dynasty relied on in establishing sovereignty and spreading culture. Among the established educational institutions are madrasas consisting of Kuttab, Zawiyah and Idariyah madrasas (administrative schools), Thibbiyah Madrasas (health schools) and Fallahiyah Madrasas (marine schools). This educational institution is a forum for cadres of the Muslim generation as employees needed by the state, improving public health and social welfare.","PeriodicalId":495354,"journal":{"name":"Continuous Education","volume":"51 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135043137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surya Kelana Tua Tampubolon, Nenni Triana Sinaga, Sahlan Tampubolon
A Thesis, English Departement Teacher’s Training Faculty of HKBP Nommensen University This study aims to determine the results of using a communicative approach to improve students’ speaking skills. The researcher conducted the research at SMA Negeri 1 Sumbul. This study was carried out by Experimental quantitative research. The sample of this study was class XI-3 (the experimental class) and class XI-4 (the control class), with a total of 20 students for each group. The research conducted experimental teaching and speaking tests with stand-up comedy personal experience to collect data. The result from this research can be seen as follows: t-coun t> t-table (p = 0.1) with the degree of freedom (df) = 38. This means 6,665 > 1.21 (p=0.1) with df 38. This means that the use of a communicative approach has a significant effect on students’ speaking skills. Using the communicative approach as a teaching method through stand-up comedy in class activities improved students’ speaking skills.
{"title":"Stand-Up Comedy as Media to Improve Students' Speaking Skills in The Second Academic Year of SMA Negeri 1 Sumbul","authors":"Surya Kelana Tua Tampubolon, Nenni Triana Sinaga, Sahlan Tampubolon","doi":"10.51178/ce.v4i2.1545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51178/ce.v4i2.1545","url":null,"abstract":"A Thesis, English Departement Teacher’s Training Faculty of HKBP Nommensen University This study aims to determine the results of using a communicative approach to improve students’ speaking skills. The researcher conducted the research at SMA Negeri 1 Sumbul. This study was carried out by Experimental quantitative research. The sample of this study was class XI-3 (the experimental class) and class XI-4 (the control class), with a total of 20 students for each group. The research conducted experimental teaching and speaking tests with stand-up comedy personal experience to collect data. The result from this research can be seen as follows: t-coun t> t-table (p = 0.1) with the degree of freedom (df) = 38. This means 6,665 > 1.21 (p=0.1) with df 38. This means that the use of a communicative approach has a significant effect on students’ speaking skills. Using the communicative approach as a teaching method through stand-up comedy in class activities improved students’ speaking skills.","PeriodicalId":495354,"journal":{"name":"Continuous Education","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135803399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Comics are a learning medium with interesting pictures accompanied by reading texts and are designed according to learning outcomes and the applicable curriculum. Comics are used to support learning, so that enthusiastic students do not feel bored while learning. This research aims to develop learning media in the form of comic books to improve the mutual cooperation character of students in grade 1 elementary school Pancasila education learning, knowing the assessments of three experts, as well as the opinions of educators and students. This research uses research and development methods RnD with a development model using a modelADDIE, the research subjects involved consisted of three experts (material expert, language expert, and media expert) and 1st grade elementary school students. The results of the research produced a comic book product to improve students' mutual cooperation character which met the very good criteria with an average validation percentage score from three validators of 93.1% in the very suitable for use category, for the level of practicality of teacher responses and student responses obtained The average percentage is 87.1% in the very practical category, and its effectiveness is based on the test output resultsN-gain markmean (rate-rate)N-gain Score The percentage obtained was 0.58.3% in the quite effective category. Learning media in the form of comic books is appropriate, practical, interesting and effective enough to be used in learning.
{"title":"Development of Comic Books to Improve Students' Mutual Cooperation Character in Class 1 Elementary School Pancasila Education Learning","authors":"Tentera Pustika, Titin Sunaryati","doi":"10.51178/ce.v4i2.1519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51178/ce.v4i2.1519","url":null,"abstract":"
 
 
 
 Comics are a learning medium with interesting pictures accompanied by reading texts and are designed according to learning outcomes and the applicable curriculum. Comics are used to support learning, so that enthusiastic students do not feel bored while learning. This research aims to develop learning media in the form of comic books to improve the mutual cooperation character of students in grade 1 elementary school Pancasila education learning, knowing the assessments of three experts, as well as the opinions of educators and students. This research uses research and development methods RnD with a development model using a modelADDIE, the research subjects involved consisted of three experts (material expert, language expert, and media expert) and 1st grade elementary school students. The results of the research produced a comic book product to improve students' mutual cooperation character which met the very good criteria with an average validation percentage score from three validators of 93.1% in the very suitable for use category, for the level of practicality of teacher responses and student responses obtained The average percentage is 87.1% in the very practical category, and its effectiveness is based on the test output resultsN-gain markmean (rate-rate)N-gain Score The percentage obtained was 0.58.3% in the quite effective category. Learning media in the form of comic books is appropriate, practical, interesting and effective enough to be used in learning.
 
 
 
","PeriodicalId":495354,"journal":{"name":"Continuous Education","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helmia Tasti Adri, Suwarjono Suwarjono, Yusuf Sapari, Novi Maryani
The Merdeka Learning Campus Merdeka Program is a program that is expected to help prepare students to be better prepared to compete with the industrial world and technological advances. This program has many challenges and obstacles, both in terms of implementation and in terms of the readiness of each study program or university that will run it. This research was carried out to find out how far the implementation of Merdeka Learning Campus Merdeka was carried out by the Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Juanda University, Bogor. This study uses a type of qualitative research with a program evaluation methodology. The research subjects were 392 PGSD Study Program students. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that most of the independent campus learning programs rolled out by the government have existed in programs implemented previously at the PGSD FKIP Djuanda University Study Program. During this time the program has a different naming. Related to student concerns about the obstacles that might be faced when participating in the Merdeka Learning Campus Merdeka program is regarding the funds that will be used in implementing activities. However, on the whole the students were very enthusiastic in participating in all the existing Merdeka Learning Campus programs.
{"title":"Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka: Policy Direction and Implementation for Progress of Study Program","authors":"Helmia Tasti Adri, Suwarjono Suwarjono, Yusuf Sapari, Novi Maryani","doi":"10.51178/ce.v4i2.1446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51178/ce.v4i2.1446","url":null,"abstract":"The Merdeka Learning Campus Merdeka Program is a program that is expected to help prepare students to be better prepared to compete with the industrial world and technological advances. This program has many challenges and obstacles, both in terms of implementation and in terms of the readiness of each study program or university that will run it. This research was carried out to find out how far the implementation of Merdeka Learning Campus Merdeka was carried out by the Elementary School Teacher Education Study Program at the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Juanda University, Bogor. This study uses a type of qualitative research with a program evaluation methodology. The research subjects were 392 PGSD Study Program students. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that most of the independent campus learning programs rolled out by the government have existed in programs implemented previously at the PGSD FKIP Djuanda University Study Program. During this time the program has a different naming. Related to student concerns about the obstacles that might be faced when participating in the Merdeka Learning Campus Merdeka program is regarding the funds that will be used in implementing activities. However, on the whole the students were very enthusiastic in participating in all the existing Merdeka Learning Campus programs.","PeriodicalId":495354,"journal":{"name":"Continuous Education","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modules are learning materials that are designed in accordance with the applicable curriculum and are intended to achieve predetermined competency standards. Modules can be used to support subject matter, as well as make learning more interesting and fun. This study aims to develop a teaching material module for explanatory text material to increase students' interest in reading, to find out the assessments of three experts and the opinions of teachers and fifth grade elementary school students. In this study using the type of learning design development research or R&D using the ADDIE module. The subjects of this study consisted of three experts (materials experts, linguists and media experts) as well as fifth grade elementary school students. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire given to three experts obtained through research results, namely qualitative data which was analyzed using quantitative data in the form of numerical data. The results of this study are, to produce a module product of explanatory text material that meets very good criteria with the acquisition of an average validation score from three validators obtaining a value of 99% with a very feasible category to use, and a practicality level of 90% is in the very practical criteria and the level of effectiveness with an average of 91.8% is in the very effective category. The teaching material module of explanatory text material is feasible, practical and effective for use in learning.
{"title":"Module Development of Teaching Materials for Explanation Text Materials in Indonesian Language Subjects to Increase the Reading Interest of Students in Class V Elementary School","authors":"Masruro Rahma Tsalis, Fitriyani Fitriyani","doi":"10.51178/ce.v4i2.1520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51178/ce.v4i2.1520","url":null,"abstract":"
 
 
 
 Modules are learning materials that are designed in accordance with the applicable curriculum and are intended to achieve predetermined competency standards. Modules can be used to support subject matter, as well as make learning more interesting and fun. This study aims to develop a teaching material module for explanatory text material to increase students' interest in reading, to find out the assessments of three experts and the opinions of teachers and fifth grade elementary school students. In this study using the type of learning design development research or R&D using the ADDIE module. The subjects of this study consisted of three experts (materials experts, linguists and media experts) as well as fifth grade elementary school students. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire given to three experts obtained through research results, namely qualitative data which was analyzed using quantitative data in the form of numerical data. The results of this study are, to produce a module product of explanatory text material that meets very good criteria with the acquisition of an average validation score from three validators obtaining a value of 99% with a very feasible category to use, and a practicality level of 90% is in the very practical criteria and the level of effectiveness with an average of 91.8% is in the very effective category. The teaching material module of explanatory text material is feasible, practical and effective for use in learning.
 
 
 
","PeriodicalId":495354,"journal":{"name":"Continuous Education","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of the research is to know the causes of students' anxiety in speaking English, the types of students' anxiety, and the level of students' anxiety in speaking English in the eleventh grade of SMK Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam. This study uses qualitative methods by collecting data through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that there are 3 factors of student anxiety in learning English according to Horwits' theory (2011), namely (1) Communication Apprehension, where students have difficulty speaking English because they do not have much knowledge about English, (2) Test Anxiety, where students feel anxious when they have to take an English test, and (3) Fear of Negative Evaluation, where students are afraid that the teacher and their friends will laugh if students make mistakes. According to Thomas (2009), there are also two types of student anxiety: State Anxiety and Trait Anxiety. And the questionnaire was developed by Horwitz with 33 statements, the results showed that 1 student (10%) experienced a high level of anxiety, 7 students (70%) experienced a moderate level of anxiety, and 2 students (20%) experienced mild anxiety.
本研究的目的是了解SMK Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam高一年级学生英语口语焦虑的原因、学生焦虑的类型以及学生英语口语焦虑的水平。本研究采用定性方法，通过观察、访谈、问卷调查和文献资料收集数据。本研究的结果表明，根据Horwits(2011)的理论，学生在英语学习中有3个焦虑因素，即(1)Communication Apprehension(沟通恐惧)，学生由于对英语的了解较少而难以说英语;(2)Test anxiety(考试焦虑)，学生在参加英语考试时感到焦虑;(3)Fear of Negative Evaluation(害怕负面评价)，学生害怕自己犯错误会被老师和朋友嘲笑。根据Thomas(2009)，学生焦虑也有两种类型:状态焦虑和特质焦虑。问卷由Horwitz编制，共有33条陈述，结果显示1名学生(10%)感到高度焦虑，7名学生(70%)感到中度焦虑，2名学生(20%)感到轻度焦虑。
{"title":"An Analysis of Students Speaking Anxiety of Eleventh Grade Students at SMK Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam","authors":"Aulia Ade Tiara, Asnawi Asnawi","doi":"10.51178/ce.v4i1.1375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51178/ce.v4i1.1375","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the research is to know the causes of students' anxiety in speaking English, the types of students' anxiety, and the level of students' anxiety in speaking English in the eleventh grade of SMK Negeri 1 Lubuk Pakam. This study uses qualitative methods by collecting data through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that there are 3 factors of student anxiety in learning English according to Horwits' theory (2011), namely (1) Communication Apprehension, where students have difficulty speaking English because they do not have much knowledge about English, (2) Test Anxiety, where students feel anxious when they have to take an English test, and (3) Fear of Negative Evaluation, where students are afraid that the teacher and their friends will laugh if students make mistakes. According to Thomas (2009), there are also two types of student anxiety: State Anxiety and Trait Anxiety. And the questionnaire was developed by Horwitz with 33 statements, the results showed that 1 student (10%) experienced a high level of anxiety, 7 students (70%) experienced a moderate level of anxiety, and 2 students (20%) experienced mild anxiety.","PeriodicalId":495354,"journal":{"name":"Continuous Education","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135859534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to analyze student errors made by second grade students of SMP Satria Dharma Perbaungan in using regular and irregular verbs. This research aims to obtain the types of errors in identifying regular and irregular verbs in the past form and to find out the causes of why students make mistakes. This type of research is research with qualitative methods. This research was conducted by following error analysis procedures, starting with sample selection, identification, elaboration, explanation and assessment of errors. The data sources in this research were 10 students from the second grade of SMP Satria Dharma Perbaungan. The research data was obtained by doing observations, giving questionnaires and giving tests to students. From the error analysis process, it was found that students made three types of errors, namely ommission, addition, and misformation. The results of omission errors were 23.34%, addition errors were 26.66% and the most errors occurred at 50% misformation errors. According to the theory of Ellis and Barkhuizen, students' errors are caused by interlingual transfer and intralingual transfer.
{"title":"Error Analysis Students’ Ability in Using Regular and Irregular Verb at the Second Grade of SMP Satria Dharma Perbaungan","authors":"Widya Santiwi Br Simanjuntak, Yusnita Nasution","doi":"10.51178/ce.v4i1.1325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51178/ce.v4i1.1325","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to analyze student errors made by second grade students of SMP Satria Dharma Perbaungan in using regular and irregular verbs. This research aims to obtain the types of errors in identifying regular and irregular verbs in the past form and to find out the causes of why students make mistakes. This type of research is research with qualitative methods. This research was conducted by following error analysis procedures, starting with sample selection, identification, elaboration, explanation and assessment of errors. The data sources in this research were 10 students from the second grade of SMP Satria Dharma Perbaungan. The research data was obtained by doing observations, giving questionnaires and giving tests to students. From the error analysis process, it was found that students made three types of errors, namely ommission, addition, and misformation. The results of omission errors were 23.34%, addition errors were 26.66% and the most errors occurred at 50% misformation errors. According to the theory of Ellis and Barkhuizen, students' errors are caused by interlingual transfer and intralingual transfer.","PeriodicalId":495354,"journal":{"name":"Continuous Education","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135423161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to determine and describe the effect of open ended learning with the help of gooole classroom on the ability to understand mathematical concepts of students of Junior High School Negeri 1 bar Hilir. The population in this study is the entire class VIII Junior High School Negeri 1 bar Hilir which consists of 7 classes whose total number of students is 145 students. While the sampling in the study as suggested by the teacher is Class VIII-3 as an experimental class and VIII-4 as a control Class of 15 students. As a research instrument, pre-test and post-test result data is used in the form of essay test on Relation and function material, where each question is 4 questions and has been validated by mathematics lecturer. The test used in this study is the Right t-test. After the management of statistical data t-test the right party obtained that tcount = 2,006 dan ttable = 1,70 then tcount > ttable or 2,006 > 1,70. This means accepting Ha dan decline H0 Based on the results of the t-test, it can be concluded that there is an effect of the use of open ended learning approach assisted by google classroom on the understanding of mathematical concepts of Junior High School Negeri 1 bar Hilir students.
本研究的目的是确定和描述在gooole课堂的帮助下开放式学习对初中Negeri 1 bar Hilir学生理解数学概念能力的影响。本研究的人口为Negeri 1 bar Hilir初中八班整个班级，共7个班级，学生总数为145人。而根据老师的建议，本研究的抽样是VIII-3班作为实验班，VIII-4班作为对照班，共15名学生。作为一种研究工具，前测和后测结果数据采用关系与函数材料作文测试的形式，每题4题，并经过数学讲师的验证。本研究使用的检验是Right t检验。经统计数据管理t检验，得到tcount = 2006，表= 1,70，则tcount >2006 >1, 70。根据t检验的结果，可以得出结论，使用谷歌课堂辅助的开放式学习方式对初中Negeri 1 bar Hilir学生的数学概念理解有影响。
{"title":"Pengaruh Pembelajaran Open Ended Berbantuan Google Classroom Terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Siswa Junior High School Negeri 1 Bilah Hilir","authors":"Yani Sahara Hutasuhut, Ani Minarni","doi":"10.51178/ce.v4i1.1297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51178/ce.v4i1.1297","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to determine and describe the effect of open ended learning with the help of gooole classroom on the ability to understand mathematical concepts of students of Junior High School Negeri 1 bar Hilir. The population in this study is the entire class VIII Junior High School Negeri 1 bar Hilir which consists of 7 classes whose total number of students is 145 students. While the sampling in the study as suggested by the teacher is Class VIII-3 as an experimental class and VIII-4 as a control Class of 15 students. As a research instrument, pre-test and post-test result data is used in the form of essay test on Relation and function material, where each question is 4 questions and has been validated by mathematics lecturer. The test used in this study is the Right t-test. After the management of statistical data t-test the right party obtained that tcount = 2,006 dan ttable = 1,70 then tcount > ttable or 2,006 > 1,70. This means accepting Ha dan decline H0 Based on the results of the t-test, it can be concluded that there is an effect of the use of open ended learning approach assisted by google classroom on the understanding of mathematical concepts of Junior High School Negeri 1 bar Hilir students.","PeriodicalId":495354,"journal":{"name":"Continuous Education","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135017431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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