The novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 remains at the peak of current medical and social problems around the world. The incidence of the coronavirus infection remains at a fairly high level, despite new methods of diagnosis and treatment. The highest incidence of COVID-19 cases is observed among people with concomitant cardiovascular diseases. Such patients quite often develop COVID-19‑associated complications from various organs and systems, among which acute stroke is the most severe. The pathogenesis of stroke in COVID-19 is multifaceted. The key mechanisms for the development of acute cerebrovascular accidents in severe infections are the disruption of regulatory cortical and vegetative functions, hyperproduction of proinflammatory cytokines, and the disorder in the hemostasis system. This article analyzes current literature data on the features of the pathogenesis of stroke and its clinical course in patients with the novel coronavirus infection.
{"title":"Pathogenetic and clinical features of stroke associated with COVID-19","authors":"K. A. Tushova","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2305-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2305-04","url":null,"abstract":"The novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 remains at the peak of current medical and social problems around the world. The incidence of the coronavirus infection remains at a fairly high level, despite new methods of diagnosis and treatment. The highest incidence of COVID-19 cases is observed among people with concomitant cardiovascular diseases. Such patients quite often develop COVID-19‑associated complications from various organs and systems, among which acute stroke is the most severe. The pathogenesis of stroke in COVID-19 is multifaceted. The key mechanisms for the development of acute cerebrovascular accidents in severe infections are the disruption of regulatory cortical and vegetative functions, hyperproduction of proinflammatory cytokines, and the disorder in the hemostasis system. This article analyzes current literature data on the features of the pathogenesis of stroke and its clinical course in patients with the novel coronavirus infection.","PeriodicalId":495560,"journal":{"name":"Вестник неврологии, психиатрии и нейрохирургии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136345325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presented literature review is devoted to the pathogenesis of delayed parenchymal hemorrhages in the acute period of traumatic brain injury as the most severe group of patients with high incidence and high mortality. This includes progressing cerebral contusions and delayed intracerebral hematomas. In the literature, there are different viewpoints regarding the determination of prognostic risk factors for the progression of cerebral contusions or in terms of studying the effect of blood pressure on the progression of the injury focus, etc. There is also a lot of disagreement regarding disorders in the coagulation system in TBI. In modern Russian and foreign literature, there are many indicatithat one of the causes of delayed intracerebral hematoma may be hemorrhagic stroke, however, not enough attention is paid to the detailed description of these cases. The purpose of the review is to analyze all the current opinions, disagreements, and perspectives on the etiopathogenesis of delayed parenchymal hemorrhages in traumatic brain injury in order to find the optimal way to influence evolutionary processes in the acute period of severe traumatic brain injury.
{"title":"Delayed parenchymal hemorrhages in the acute period of traumatic brain injury: etiopathogenetic aspects. Literature review","authors":"A. A. Pyak, A. I. Kholyavin","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2305-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2305-05","url":null,"abstract":"The presented literature review is devoted to the pathogenesis of delayed parenchymal hemorrhages in the acute period of traumatic brain injury as the most severe group of patients with high incidence and high mortality. This includes progressing cerebral contusions and delayed intracerebral hematomas. In the literature, there are different viewpoints regarding the determination of prognostic risk factors for the progression of cerebral contusions or in terms of studying the effect of blood pressure on the progression of the injury focus, etc. There is also a lot of disagreement regarding disorders in the coagulation system in TBI. In modern Russian and foreign literature, there are many indicatithat one of the causes of delayed intracerebral hematoma may be hemorrhagic stroke, however, not enough attention is paid to the detailed description of these cases. The purpose of the review is to analyze all the current opinions, disagreements, and perspectives on the etiopathogenesis of delayed parenchymal hemorrhages in traumatic brain injury in order to find the optimal way to influence evolutionary processes in the acute period of severe traumatic brain injury.","PeriodicalId":495560,"journal":{"name":"Вестник неврологии, психиатрии и нейрохирургии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136345483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. V. Yarikov, M. V. Shpagin, О. А. Perlmutter, A. P. Fraerman, E. F. Komkova, I. N. Nizhegolenko
Fibular tunnel syndrome is the most common tunnel syndrome of the lower extremity. The compression of the peroneal nerve leads to motor and sensory disorders, which is manifested by weakness of the muscles that normally provide dorsiflexion of the foot and toes, abnormal gait, and loss of sensitivity. The paper presents the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical picture of this disease. Particular attention is paid to modern methods of treating this pathology. Decompression of the common peroneal nerve is an effective and safe treatment for fibular tunnel syndrome. At the moment, the majority of clinicians do not associate the clinical manifestations with damage to the peroneal nerve, which leads to diagnostic errors and, as a result, to incorrect treatment tactics and a decrease in the patients’ quality of life for a long time.
{"title":"Fibular tunnel syndrome (modern principles of diagnosis and treatment)","authors":"A. V. Yarikov, M. V. Shpagin, О. А. Perlmutter, A. P. Fraerman, E. F. Komkova, I. N. Nizhegolenko","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2305-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2305-06","url":null,"abstract":"Fibular tunnel syndrome is the most common tunnel syndrome of the lower extremity. The compression of the peroneal nerve leads to motor and sensory disorders, which is manifested by weakness of the muscles that normally provide dorsiflexion of the foot and toes, abnormal gait, and loss of sensitivity. The paper presents the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical picture of this disease. Particular attention is paid to modern methods of treating this pathology. Decompression of the common peroneal nerve is an effective and safe treatment for fibular tunnel syndrome. At the moment, the majority of clinicians do not associate the clinical manifestations with damage to the peroneal nerve, which leads to diagnostic errors and, as a result, to incorrect treatment tactics and a decrease in the patients’ quality of life for a long time.","PeriodicalId":495560,"journal":{"name":"Вестник неврологии, психиатрии и нейрохирургии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136345687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P.G. Shnyakin, A. V. Botov, I. J. Gasymly, A.V. Trubkin
Patients with small acute traumatic subdural hematomas in the compensated clinical condition can be managed conservatively and have a favorable outcome. We have analyzed our own experience of conservative management of 94 patients with small acute traumatic subdural hematomas. In 16 patients (17 %), hematoma expansion occurred in the next 2–7 days and surgical treatment was required. Significant factors of hematoma expansion are its initial maximum thickness of 8–9 mm and arterial hypertension during the observation period in the hospital. There were no lethal cases in the group of patients who required delayed surgical treatment. Clinical outcomes, both in the conservative group and in the group requiring delayed surgery, did not differ significantly; all patients were discharged with 4–5 points on the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Thus, conservative management of patients with small acute subdural hematomas is safe even in case of hematoma expansion with timely surgical intervention
{"title":"Results of treatment of patients with an acute small traumatic subdural hematoma","authors":"P.G. Shnyakin, A. V. Botov, I. J. Gasymly, A.V. Trubkin","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2305-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2305-08","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with small acute traumatic subdural hematomas in the compensated clinical condition can be managed conservatively and have a favorable outcome. We have analyzed our own experience of conservative management of 94 patients with small acute traumatic subdural hematomas. In 16 patients (17 %), hematoma expansion occurred in the next 2–7 days and surgical treatment was required. Significant factors of hematoma expansion are its initial maximum thickness of 8–9 mm and arterial hypertension during the observation period in the hospital. There were no lethal cases in the group of patients who required delayed surgical treatment. Clinical outcomes, both in the conservative group and in the group requiring delayed surgery, did not differ significantly; all patients were discharged with 4–5 points on the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Thus, conservative management of patients with small acute subdural hematomas is safe even in case of hematoma expansion with timely surgical intervention","PeriodicalId":495560,"journal":{"name":"Вестник неврологии, психиатрии и нейрохирургии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136345825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. V. Grebenev, I. V. Chernov, A. N. Konovalov, O. I. Sharipov, S. A. Galstyan, A. S. Kheyreddin, S. A. Maryashev, Sh. Sh. Eliava, P. L. Kalinin
The combination of vascular pathology of the brain and neurooncological disease is quite rare in neurosurgical practice: the combination with aneurysms is in the range of 0.7–5.4 %, while the true incidence of combinations with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is unknown due to the extremely rare occurrence. Such combinations present several problems, such as the early preoperative diagnosis of vascular pathology, as well as the tactics of treating such patients. There is no consensus in the literature regrading the treatment tactics for such patients.The aim of this work is to present modern approaches to the treatment of patients with a combination of vascular and oncological intracranial pathologies, as well as our own clinical cases: combinations of chordoma, tumor of the pyramid of the temporal bone,and aneurysm, meningioma of the base of the anterior cranial fossa (ACF) and aneurysm, meningioma of the base of the ACF an AVM, and glioblastoma and AVM.
{"title":"Features of treatment of patients with combination of aneurysm or arteriovenous malformations and intracranial tumors: clinical cases and a literature review","authors":"F. V. Grebenev, I. V. Chernov, A. N. Konovalov, O. I. Sharipov, S. A. Galstyan, A. S. Kheyreddin, S. A. Maryashev, Sh. Sh. Eliava, P. L. Kalinin","doi":"10.33920/med-01-2305-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/med-01-2305-07","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of vascular pathology of the brain and neurooncological disease is quite rare in neurosurgical practice: the combination with aneurysms is in the range of 0.7–5.4 %, while the true incidence of combinations with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is unknown due to the extremely rare occurrence. Such combinations present several problems, such as the early preoperative diagnosis of vascular pathology, as well as the tactics of treating such patients. There is no consensus in the literature regrading the treatment tactics for such patients.The aim of this work is to present modern approaches to the treatment of patients with a combination of vascular and oncological intracranial pathologies, as well as our own clinical cases: combinations of chordoma, tumor of the pyramid of the temporal bone,and aneurysm, meningioma of the base of the anterior cranial fossa (ACF) and aneurysm, meningioma of the base of the ACF an AVM, and glioblastoma and AVM.","PeriodicalId":495560,"journal":{"name":"Вестник неврологии, психиатрии и нейрохирургии","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136345475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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