M. D. Widiastuti, Yusman Syaukat, Falatehan Falatehan, D. Hakim
Program tol laut bertujuan untuk menghubungkan Indonesia bagian barat dan timur serta mengurangi disparitas harga. Pelaksanaan program dimulai pada Desember 2020 menggunakan kapal Logistik Nusantara 2 (T19) dengan rute Merauke-Pomako-Kokas-Sorong-Korido-Merauke. Kapasitas T19 adalah 1500 ton dengan revolving selama satu bulan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pelaksanaan program tol laut khususnya jalur T19 dalam mendukung program lumbung pangan Merauke. Metode yang digunakan kualitatif melalui studi kepustakaan dan verifikasi data primer melalui wawancara dengan stakeholder. Hasil kajian menunjukkan komoditi utama dari Merauke adalah beras untuk memenuhi permintaan pasar dari Jayapura, Timika dan Sorong. Muatan balik ke Merauka adalah batu pecah, pasir, abu batu. Produksi beras Merauke surplus, sehingga harus didistribusikan ke daerah lain yang kekurangan beras. Selisih biaya distribusi menggunakan tol laut sebesar Rp. 150/kg dibandingkan pengiriman kapal reguler. Tol laut membantu agen untuk mendistribusikan beras dengan biaya pemasaran yang layak. Namun kapasitas muat barang relatif rendah, rata-rata terisi hanya 33,46%, sedangkan muatan balik hanya 12,8%. Kesimpulannya, program tol laut jalur T19 merupakan sarana penting dalam proses distribusi dan pemasaran beras, terutama dari daerah surplus ke defisit beras. Kontribusinya sangat penting dalam mengembangkan program lumbungan pangan nasional. Namun perlu peningkatan penggunaan sarana transportasi ini untuk memenuhi target beban.
{"title":"Kontribusi Program Tol Laut Rute T19 dalam Mendukung Merauke sebagai Lumbung Pangan Nasional","authors":"M. D. Widiastuti, Yusman Syaukat, Falatehan Falatehan, D. Hakim","doi":"10.35724/ag.v12i2.4498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35724/ag.v12i2.4498","url":null,"abstract":"Program tol laut bertujuan untuk menghubungkan Indonesia bagian barat dan timur serta mengurangi disparitas harga. Pelaksanaan program dimulai pada Desember 2020 menggunakan kapal Logistik Nusantara 2 (T19) dengan rute Merauke-Pomako-Kokas-Sorong-Korido-Merauke. Kapasitas T19 adalah 1500 ton dengan revolving selama satu bulan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pelaksanaan program tol laut khususnya jalur T19 dalam mendukung program lumbung pangan Merauke. Metode yang digunakan kualitatif melalui studi kepustakaan dan verifikasi data primer melalui wawancara dengan stakeholder. Hasil kajian menunjukkan komoditi utama dari Merauke adalah beras untuk memenuhi permintaan pasar dari Jayapura, Timika dan Sorong. Muatan balik ke Merauka adalah batu pecah, pasir, abu batu. Produksi beras Merauke surplus, sehingga harus didistribusikan ke daerah lain yang kekurangan beras. Selisih biaya distribusi menggunakan tol laut sebesar Rp. 150/kg dibandingkan pengiriman kapal reguler. Tol laut membantu agen untuk mendistribusikan beras dengan biaya pemasaran yang layak. Namun kapasitas muat barang relatif rendah, rata-rata terisi hanya 33,46%, sedangkan muatan balik hanya 12,8%. Kesimpulannya, program tol laut jalur T19 merupakan sarana penting dalam proses distribusi dan pemasaran beras, terutama dari daerah surplus ke defisit beras. Kontribusinya sangat penting dalam mengembangkan program lumbungan pangan nasional. Namun perlu peningkatan penggunaan sarana transportasi ini untuk memenuhi target beban.","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"170 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77468558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keberadaan walang sangit pada budidaya padi sawah dapat menyebabkan penurunan hasil produksi sampai 50%. Diperlukan metode pengendalian hama untuk mempertahankan hasil produksi yang bersifat ramah lingkungan salah satunya menggunakan insektisida organik. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui efektivitas insektisida organik daun sirsak terhadap tingkat kematian hama walang sangit. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Teaching Farm Padi Sawah Politeknik Negeri Lampung pada bulan Februari sampai April 2022. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Setiap plot ulangan diberikan 10 hama walang sangit dewasa untuk pengamatan di tanaman padi. Perlakuan yang diujikan antara lain: k0=Kontrol; Ekstrak daun sirsak dengan konsentrasi : k1=5%, k2=10%, k3=15%, k4=20%, k5=25%, k6=30%, k7=35%, dan k8=40%. Insektisida organik daun sirsak dengan konsentrasi 10 – 40% efektif dalam mengendalikan hama walang sangit pada padi sawah yang ditunjukkan dengan perbedaan yang nyata pada persentase efikasi, LT50, jumlah gabah total, gabah hampa, dan gabah isi permalai.
{"title":"Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) Sebagai Insektisida Organik Dalam Mengendalikan Hama Walang Sangit (Leptocorisa acuta) Pada Padi Sawah","authors":"Rizky Rahmadi, Priyadi Priyadi, Fajar Rochman","doi":"10.35724/ag.v12i2.4558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35724/ag.v12i2.4558","url":null,"abstract":"Keberadaan walang sangit pada budidaya padi sawah dapat menyebabkan penurunan hasil produksi sampai 50%. Diperlukan metode pengendalian hama untuk mempertahankan hasil produksi yang bersifat ramah lingkungan salah satunya menggunakan insektisida organik. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui efektivitas insektisida organik daun sirsak terhadap tingkat kematian hama walang sangit. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Teaching Farm Padi Sawah Politeknik Negeri Lampung pada bulan Februari sampai April 2022. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Setiap plot ulangan diberikan 10 hama walang sangit dewasa untuk pengamatan di tanaman padi. Perlakuan yang diujikan antara lain: k0=Kontrol; Ekstrak daun sirsak dengan konsentrasi : k1=5%, k2=10%, k3=15%, k4=20%, k5=25%, k6=30%, k7=35%, dan k8=40%. Insektisida organik daun sirsak dengan konsentrasi 10 – 40% efektif dalam mengendalikan hama walang sangit pada padi sawah yang ditunjukkan dengan perbedaan yang nyata pada persentase efikasi, LT50, jumlah gabah total, gabah hampa, dan gabah isi permalai.","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75345866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pebri Dian Cahyono Putro, Sukendah Sukendah, Nova Triani
Tanaman hias krisan merupakan salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang saat ini banyak diminati oleh kalangan pecinta tanaman hias khususnya di daerah perkotaan. Saat ini budidaya tanaman krisan hanya terbatas di dataran tinggi, sehingga permintaan pasar akan bunga krisan belum bisa dipenuhi secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian PGPR air limbah cucian beras dan ekstrak akar rumput gajah serta pengaruh macam media tanam untuk pertumbuhan produksi bibit stek tanaman krisan sehingga dapat diperoleh bibit yang berpotensi tumbuh dan berkembang di dataran rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan perlakuan konsentrasi PGPR (air cucian beras dan ekstrak akar rumput gajah) dan macam media tanam. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis ragam dengan model Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial, jika terdapat beda nyata maka dilanjutkan menggunakan uji BNJ 5%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor perlakuan kombinasi perlakuan PGPR dan media tanam terdapat interaksi nyata terhadap parameter jumlah daun tanaman krisan, nampak pada kombinasi konsentrasi PGPR 400 ml/l + sekam bakar+tanah (2:1) pada pengamatan 35 HST. Kemudian faktor tunggal perlakuan media tanam memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap parameter pertumbuhan tanaman krisan. Selain itu faktor tunggal pemberian PGPR memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap parameter pertumbuhan tanaman krisan.
{"title":"Pengaruh Komposisi Media Tanam Dan Konsentrasi PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Stek Tanaman Krisan (Chrysanthemum morifolium) di Dataran Rendah","authors":"Pebri Dian Cahyono Putro, Sukendah Sukendah, Nova Triani","doi":"10.35724/ag.v12i2.4683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35724/ag.v12i2.4683","url":null,"abstract":"Tanaman hias krisan merupakan salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang saat ini banyak diminati oleh kalangan pecinta tanaman hias khususnya di daerah perkotaan. Saat ini budidaya tanaman krisan hanya terbatas di dataran tinggi, sehingga permintaan pasar akan bunga krisan belum bisa dipenuhi secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian PGPR air limbah cucian beras dan ekstrak akar rumput gajah serta pengaruh macam media tanam untuk pertumbuhan produksi bibit stek tanaman krisan sehingga dapat diperoleh bibit yang berpotensi tumbuh dan berkembang di dataran rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan perlakuan konsentrasi PGPR (air cucian beras dan ekstrak akar rumput gajah) dan macam media tanam. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis ragam dengan model Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial, jika terdapat beda nyata maka dilanjutkan menggunakan uji BNJ 5%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor perlakuan kombinasi perlakuan PGPR dan media tanam terdapat interaksi nyata terhadap parameter jumlah daun tanaman krisan, nampak pada kombinasi konsentrasi PGPR 400 ml/l + sekam bakar+tanah (2:1) pada pengamatan 35 HST. Kemudian faktor tunggal perlakuan media tanam memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap parameter pertumbuhan tanaman krisan. Selain itu faktor tunggal pemberian PGPR memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap parameter pertumbuhan tanaman krisan.","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"503 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72418582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-12DOI: 10.1590/1678-992x-2022-0064
H. C. Bazame, J. Molin, D. Althoff, Maurício Martello
: Coffee farmers do not have efficient tools to have sufficient and reliable information on the maturation stage of coffee fruits before harvest. In this study, we propose a computer vision system to detect and classify the Coffea arabica (L.) on tree branches in three classes: unripe (green), ripe (cherry), and overripe (dry). Based on deep learning algorithms, the computer vision model YOLO (You Only Look Once), was trained on 387 images taken from coffee branches using a smartphone. The YOLOv3 and YOLOv4, and their smaller versions (tiny), were assessed for fruit detection. The YOLOv4 and YOLOv4-tiny showed better performance when compared to YOLOv3, especially when smaller network sizes are considered. The mean average precision (mAP) for a network size of 800 × 800 pixels was equal to 81 %, 79 %, 78 %, and 77 % for YOLOv4, YOLOv4-tiny, YOLOv3, and YOLOv3-tiny, respectively. Despite the similar performance, the YOLOv4 feature extractor was more robust when images had greater object densities and for the detection of unripe fruits, which are generally more difficult to detect due to the color similarity to leaves in the background, partial occlusion by leaves and fruits, and lighting effects. This study shows the potential of computer vision systems based on deep learning to guide the decision-making of coffee farmers in more objective ways.
:咖啡农没有有效的工具来获得收获前咖啡果实成熟阶段的充分和可靠的信息。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个计算机视觉系统来检测和分类树上的阿拉比卡咖啡(L.)，分为三个类别:未成熟(绿色)，成熟(樱桃)和过熟(干燥)。基于深度学习算法，计算机视觉模型YOLO (You Only Look Once)使用智能手机对从咖啡连锁店拍摄的387张照片进行了训练。对YOLOv3和YOLOv4及其更小的版本(微小)进行了水果检测评估。与YOLOv3相比，YOLOv4和YOLOv4-tiny表现出更好的性能，特别是在考虑较小的网络大小时。对于800 × 800像素的网络大小，YOLOv4、YOLOv4-tiny、YOLOv3和YOLOv3-tiny的平均平均精度(mAP)分别为81%、79%、78%和77%。尽管具有类似的性能，但YOLOv4特征提取器在图像具有较大物体密度和未成熟水果检测时更加鲁棒，未成熟水果由于与背景中叶子的颜色相似，叶子和水果的部分遮挡以及光照效果通常更难以检测。这项研究显示了基于深度学习的计算机视觉系统以更客观的方式指导咖啡农决策的潜力。
{"title":"Detection of coffee fruits on tree branches using computer vision","authors":"H. C. Bazame, J. Molin, D. Althoff, Maurício Martello","doi":"10.1590/1678-992x-2022-0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2022-0064","url":null,"abstract":": Coffee farmers do not have efficient tools to have sufficient and reliable information on the maturation stage of coffee fruits before harvest. In this study, we propose a computer vision system to detect and classify the Coffea arabica (L.) on tree branches in three classes: unripe (green), ripe (cherry), and overripe (dry). Based on deep learning algorithms, the computer vision model YOLO (You Only Look Once), was trained on 387 images taken from coffee branches using a smartphone. The YOLOv3 and YOLOv4, and their smaller versions (tiny), were assessed for fruit detection. The YOLOv4 and YOLOv4-tiny showed better performance when compared to YOLOv3, especially when smaller network sizes are considered. The mean average precision (mAP) for a network size of 800 × 800 pixels was equal to 81 %, 79 %, 78 %, and 77 % for YOLOv4, YOLOv4-tiny, YOLOv3, and YOLOv3-tiny, respectively. Despite the similar performance, the YOLOv4 feature extractor was more robust when images had greater object densities and for the detection of unripe fruits, which are generally more difficult to detect due to the color similarity to leaves in the background, partial occlusion by leaves and fruits, and lighting effects. This study shows the potential of computer vision systems based on deep learning to guide the decision-making of coffee farmers in more objective ways.","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67590007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-12DOI: 10.1590/1678-992x-2022-0035
V. H. Bello, G. M. Favara, Gustavo Verruma Bernardi, J. Rezende, R. Salaroli, E. Kitajima
: Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ) plants showing symptoms of chlorosis, mosaic, chlorotic ringspot, and necrosis on younger leaves were found in a small experimental plot in Piracicaba, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Preliminary examinations by transmission electron microscopy of symptomatic leaf tissue revealed flexuous filamentous particles 13-15 nm wide and 700-750 nm long, and cytoplasmatic cylindrical inclusions typical of those found in plant cells infected by members of the Potyvirus genus. Total RNA extracted from symptomatic leaves and subjected to RT-PCR followed by partial nucleotide sequencing confirmed the presence of a potyvirus in the affected plants, which was identified as sunflower chlorotic mottle virus (SuCMoV), a member of the Sunflower chlorotic mottle virus (genus Potyvirus , family Potyviridae ) species. Mechanical transmission assays with extracts of symptomatic sunflower leaves reproduced the original symptoms in sunflowers, mosaic symptoms in Zinnia elegans , and chlorotic local lesions in Chenopodium amaranticolor and C . quinoa . Sunflower and zinnia plants became infected after aphid transmission experiments with Myzus persicae . RT-PCR tests using specific primers for SuCMoV confirmed the presence of this virus in experimentally infected plants, meeting the criteria of Koch’s postulate. This is the first report of SuCMoV infecting sunflower plants in Brazil.
{"title":"First report of sunflower chlorotic mottle virus infecting sunflower plants in Brazil","authors":"V. H. Bello, G. M. Favara, Gustavo Verruma Bernardi, J. Rezende, R. Salaroli, E. Kitajima","doi":"10.1590/1678-992x-2022-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2022-0035","url":null,"abstract":": Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus ) plants showing symptoms of chlorosis, mosaic, chlorotic ringspot, and necrosis on younger leaves were found in a small experimental plot in Piracicaba, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Preliminary examinations by transmission electron microscopy of symptomatic leaf tissue revealed flexuous filamentous particles 13-15 nm wide and 700-750 nm long, and cytoplasmatic cylindrical inclusions typical of those found in plant cells infected by members of the Potyvirus genus. Total RNA extracted from symptomatic leaves and subjected to RT-PCR followed by partial nucleotide sequencing confirmed the presence of a potyvirus in the affected plants, which was identified as sunflower chlorotic mottle virus (SuCMoV), a member of the Sunflower chlorotic mottle virus (genus Potyvirus , family Potyviridae ) species. Mechanical transmission assays with extracts of symptomatic sunflower leaves reproduced the original symptoms in sunflowers, mosaic symptoms in Zinnia elegans , and chlorotic local lesions in Chenopodium amaranticolor and C . quinoa . Sunflower and zinnia plants became infected after aphid transmission experiments with Myzus persicae . RT-PCR tests using specific primers for SuCMoV confirmed the presence of this virus in experimentally infected plants, meeting the criteria of Koch’s postulate. This is the first report of SuCMoV infecting sunflower plants in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67589544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-12DOI: 10.1590/1678-992x-2022-0019
Juliano da Silva, V. Almeida, A. Schinckel, A. N. Meira, G. Moreira, Laura Woigt Pian, Débora de Campos, J. Gomes, Janaína Lustosa Gonçales, M. Dargelio, I. Patinho, E. Saldaña, C. J. Contreras-Castillo, L. Coutinho, A. Luchiari Filho, A. Nuñez, A. Cesar
: In the last decade, other quality attributes have emerged as the main aspects that impact pork consumers acceptance, such as environmentally friendly production, nutritional value, and animal welfare. This study applies a Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) questionnaire for sensory characterization of loins from genetically lean immunocastrated male pigs fed diets containing either a standard commercial diet with 1.5 % soybean oil (control) or 3 % oil from either soybean oil (SO), canola oil (CO), or fish oil (FO) during the growing-finishing phases. Twenty CATA attributes for loin samples were generated. We interviewed 101 consumers to select all the CATA terms that they considered suitable to characterize sensory attributes of longissimus lumborum muscle samples of pigs from each dietary treatment. The CATA results indicated differences among pork loin samples depending on the source and inclusion level of dietary oil. Loins from pigs fed 3 % SO were characterized by a higher frequency of the “juicy texture” attribute ( p < 0.05) and a lower frequency of the “dry texture” attribute ( p < 0.05) compared to loins from 3 % FO-fed pigs. Moreover, loins from pigs fed 3 % SO had a lower citation frequency of the “tasteless” attribute ( p < 0.05) compared to loins from 3 % FO-fed pigs. The attributes “cooked pork meat-like taste”, “juicy texture”, “tender texture”, and “brightness” were placed close to the overall liking. “Tender texture”, “juicy texture”, “pork meat-like” (odor and taste), and “cooked pork meat-like taste” attributes were considered drivers of liking. Feeding genetically lean immunocastrated male pigs with diets containing 3 % SO may be advisable from a pork sensory quality perspective.
{"title":"Check-All-That-Apply method for sensory characterization of pork from immunocastrated male pigs fed different oil sources","authors":"Juliano da Silva, V. Almeida, A. Schinckel, A. N. Meira, G. Moreira, Laura Woigt Pian, Débora de Campos, J. Gomes, Janaína Lustosa Gonçales, M. Dargelio, I. Patinho, E. Saldaña, C. J. Contreras-Castillo, L. Coutinho, A. Luchiari Filho, A. Nuñez, A. Cesar","doi":"10.1590/1678-992x-2022-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2022-0019","url":null,"abstract":": In the last decade, other quality attributes have emerged as the main aspects that impact pork consumers acceptance, such as environmentally friendly production, nutritional value, and animal welfare. This study applies a Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) questionnaire for sensory characterization of loins from genetically lean immunocastrated male pigs fed diets containing either a standard commercial diet with 1.5 % soybean oil (control) or 3 % oil from either soybean oil (SO), canola oil (CO), or fish oil (FO) during the growing-finishing phases. Twenty CATA attributes for loin samples were generated. We interviewed 101 consumers to select all the CATA terms that they considered suitable to characterize sensory attributes of longissimus lumborum muscle samples of pigs from each dietary treatment. The CATA results indicated differences among pork loin samples depending on the source and inclusion level of dietary oil. Loins from pigs fed 3 % SO were characterized by a higher frequency of the “juicy texture” attribute ( p < 0.05) and a lower frequency of the “dry texture” attribute ( p < 0.05) compared to loins from 3 % FO-fed pigs. Moreover, loins from pigs fed 3 % SO had a lower citation frequency of the “tasteless” attribute ( p < 0.05) compared to loins from 3 % FO-fed pigs. The attributes “cooked pork meat-like taste”, “juicy texture”, “tender texture”, and “brightness” were placed close to the overall liking. “Tender texture”, “juicy texture”, “pork meat-like” (odor and taste), and “cooked pork meat-like taste” attributes were considered drivers of liking. Feeding genetically lean immunocastrated male pigs with diets containing 3 % SO may be advisable from a pork sensory quality perspective.","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67589104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-12DOI: 10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0131
Lívia Araújo Rohr, Fabiano França-Silva, C. G. Corrêa, H. W. Carvalho, F. G. Gomes‐Junior
: Zinc (Zn) is a micronutrient considered essential to plants which can be supplied through seed treatment. The treatment of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds with Zn, however, is still not well known as regards the uptake and mobilization dynamics of the nutrient during the germination process. This study aimed to evaluate the uptake and distribution dynamics of Zn applied to soybean seeds at two levels of vigor during germination using X-ray micro-fluorescence spectroscopy (µ-XRF). Zinc treatments corresponded to 0, 2, 4 and 8 g of Zn per kg of seeds. High and low vigor seeds that had been treated were located appropriately so as to promote germination. Zn intensity measurements with µ-XRF were taken in different parts (“regions”) of the seeds (seed coat, cotyledon, and embryonic axis) after 8, 16 and 24 h of imbibition and seedlings (primary root, hypocotyl, plumule, cotyledon, and seed coat) after 48, 72 and 96 h of germination. High vigor seeds showed higher Zn intensity in the embryonic axis in the first 16 h, while low vigor seeds showed higher intensity after 24 h. After 48, 72 and 96 h of germination low vigor seedlings showed higher Zn intensity than high vigor seedlings in the primary root. It was concluded that µ-XRF is an efficient technique for identifying variances in the dynamics of Zn uptake and mobilization during the germination of soybean seeds with different vigor levels.
{"title":"Soybean seeds treated with zinc evaluated by X-ray micro-fluorescence spectroscopy","authors":"Lívia Araújo Rohr, Fabiano França-Silva, C. G. Corrêa, H. W. Carvalho, F. G. Gomes‐Junior","doi":"10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0131","url":null,"abstract":": Zinc (Zn) is a micronutrient considered essential to plants which can be supplied through seed treatment. The treatment of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds with Zn, however, is still not well known as regards the uptake and mobilization dynamics of the nutrient during the germination process. This study aimed to evaluate the uptake and distribution dynamics of Zn applied to soybean seeds at two levels of vigor during germination using X-ray micro-fluorescence spectroscopy (µ-XRF). Zinc treatments corresponded to 0, 2, 4 and 8 g of Zn per kg of seeds. High and low vigor seeds that had been treated were located appropriately so as to promote germination. Zn intensity measurements with µ-XRF were taken in different parts (“regions”) of the seeds (seed coat, cotyledon, and embryonic axis) after 8, 16 and 24 h of imbibition and seedlings (primary root, hypocotyl, plumule, cotyledon, and seed coat) after 48, 72 and 96 h of germination. High vigor seeds showed higher Zn intensity in the embryonic axis in the first 16 h, while low vigor seeds showed higher intensity after 24 h. After 48, 72 and 96 h of germination low vigor seedlings showed higher Zn intensity than high vigor seedlings in the primary root. It was concluded that µ-XRF is an efficient technique for identifying variances in the dynamics of Zn uptake and mobilization during the germination of soybean seeds with different vigor levels.","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67588271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-29DOI: 10.1590/1678-992x-2022-0018
P. Leão, Marcos Andrei Custódio da Cunha, Edimara Ribeiro de Souza
: Over the past decade, the business of producing juice from grapes ( Vitis labrusca L. and hybrids) has been expanding in response to increasing consumption encouraged by campaigns promoting the benefits grape juice can have on health. This study aimed to determine the effect of the production cycle, vine training system, and rootstock on the yield and physical and physical-chemical characteristics of ‘BRS Magna’ grapes grown in the Vale do Submédio São Francisco in the northeastern region of Brazil. The study was conducted in Petrolina, Pernambuco, over eight production cycles (2017 to 2020). The grapevines were trained in three vine training trellis systems: espalier, lyre, and pergola; and grafted onto two rootstocks: IAC 572 and IAC 766. The production cycle, training system, and rootstocks affected the yield components, vigor, and physical characteristics of the BRS Magna grapes. The combination of the pergola training system and rootstock IAC 766 stood out from the others, providing mean yields estimated at 26 t ha –1 per production cycle. The soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), and SS TA –1 ratio were affected neither by the training system nor the rootstock, and higher values for SS and lower values for TA were obtained in the first, second, fourth and eighth production cycles. Thus, the pergola training system and rootstock IAC 766 are recommended for promoting yield gains in the ‘BRS Magna’ grape in the Vale do Submédio São Francisco.
{"title":"Performance of ‘BRS Magna’ vines grown under different training systems, rootstocks and production cycles","authors":"P. Leão, Marcos Andrei Custódio da Cunha, Edimara Ribeiro de Souza","doi":"10.1590/1678-992x-2022-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2022-0018","url":null,"abstract":": Over the past decade, the business of producing juice from grapes ( Vitis labrusca L. and hybrids) has been expanding in response to increasing consumption encouraged by campaigns promoting the benefits grape juice can have on health. This study aimed to determine the effect of the production cycle, vine training system, and rootstock on the yield and physical and physical-chemical characteristics of ‘BRS Magna’ grapes grown in the Vale do Submédio São Francisco in the northeastern region of Brazil. The study was conducted in Petrolina, Pernambuco, over eight production cycles (2017 to 2020). The grapevines were trained in three vine training trellis systems: espalier, lyre, and pergola; and grafted onto two rootstocks: IAC 572 and IAC 766. The production cycle, training system, and rootstocks affected the yield components, vigor, and physical characteristics of the BRS Magna grapes. The combination of the pergola training system and rootstock IAC 766 stood out from the others, providing mean yields estimated at 26 t ha –1 per production cycle. The soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), and SS TA –1 ratio were affected neither by the training system nor the rootstock, and higher values for SS and lower values for TA were obtained in the first, second, fourth and eighth production cycles. Thus, the pergola training system and rootstock IAC 766 are recommended for promoting yield gains in the ‘BRS Magna’ grape in the Vale do Submédio São Francisco.","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67589083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-29DOI: 10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0122
A. O. D. Silva, D. Silva, L. Bassoi, A. R. M. Chaves
: Evaluating the effects of N and K supply on grapevines ( Vitis vinifera L.) and the techniques for nutritional diagnosis is of great importance for fertigation management of this crop. This study evaluated the effects of N and K fertigation on the soluble concentrations of NO 3– and K + in the petiole sap and on the leaf chlorophyll index in drip irrigated ‘Syrah’ grapevine (from 17 June 2013 to 25 Nov 2014). The treatments consisted of five levels of N (0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha –1 ) and K 2 O (0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha –1 ), combined in an incomplete 5 2 factorial scheme in 13 combinations and arranged in randomized blocks with four replications. We determined NO 3– and K + concentrations in petiole sap, leaf chlorophyll index, grapevine cluster mass and number per plant, mean grapevine cluster mass, and phenolic composition. High NO 3– concentrations contributed positively to grapevine yield; however, increased K+ concentrations caused a negative response of sap. For 120 kg N ha –1 rate, NO 3 – in the sap and chlorophyll index showed higher values at the flowering stage, while high values for K + were observed during the grape-ripening stage.
{"title":"NO 3 – , K + , and chlorophyll index in fertigated grapevines in the semi-arid region of Brazil","authors":"A. O. D. Silva, D. Silva, L. Bassoi, A. R. M. Chaves","doi":"10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0122","url":null,"abstract":": Evaluating the effects of N and K supply on grapevines ( Vitis vinifera L.) and the techniques for nutritional diagnosis is of great importance for fertigation management of this crop. This study evaluated the effects of N and K fertigation on the soluble concentrations of NO 3– and K + in the petiole sap and on the leaf chlorophyll index in drip irrigated ‘Syrah’ grapevine (from 17 June 2013 to 25 Nov 2014). The treatments consisted of five levels of N (0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha –1 ) and K 2 O (0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha –1 ), combined in an incomplete 5 2 factorial scheme in 13 combinations and arranged in randomized blocks with four replications. We determined NO 3– and K + concentrations in petiole sap, leaf chlorophyll index, grapevine cluster mass and number per plant, mean grapevine cluster mass, and phenolic composition. High NO 3– concentrations contributed positively to grapevine yield; however, increased K+ concentrations caused a negative response of sap. For 120 kg N ha –1 rate, NO 3 – in the sap and chlorophyll index showed higher values at the flowering stage, while high values for K + were observed during the grape-ripening stage.","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67588622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0260
R. Calegari, E. Silva, Ana Paula Maria da Silva, M. P. Gomes, Layna Amorim Mota, V. Arthur, A. Baptista
: Microbial contamination of the wort during the fermentation process causes significant losses in ethanol production worldwide and creates a dependence of the industry on chemicals and antibiotics to control contamination. Therefore, this study used electron beam (e-beam) to disinfect wort from sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) molasses and investigate the bioethanol fermentation. Four treatments (T0 – T3) were carried out using ionizing doses of radiation through the electron accelerator: 0 (control), 10, 20, and 40 kGy. Total mesophiles, total bacteria, sucrose, glucose, fructose, phenolics, flavonoids, hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and Furfural were measured. An alcoholic fermentation assay was performed after the irradiation process. The irradiated treatments showed no inversion of sugars and formation of the inhibitory by-products flavonoids, furfural and 5-HMF, except for the phenolic compounds. The lower dose tested (10 kGy) reduced more than 99.9 % of the total mesophiles and more than 99.99 % of the total bacteria in the substrate. In the fermentation, the irradiated worts presented similar ( p > 0.05) yields (92, 93, and 94 %) and ethanol productivity levels (0.89, 0.88, and 0.87 g L –1 h –1 , for T1, T2, and T3 respectively). However, all treatments presented higher yields and productivity ( p < 0.05) when compared to the control (88 % and 0.85 g L –1 h –1 ), highlighting the possible use of e-beam in wort fermentation at a lower dose (10 kGy). This allows reduction in losses caused by microbial contamination, besides increasing fermentation yield and productivity with lower energy consumption.
{"title":"Wort disinfection treatment with electron beam for bioethanol production","authors":"R. Calegari, E. Silva, Ana Paula Maria da Silva, M. P. Gomes, Layna Amorim Mota, V. Arthur, A. Baptista","doi":"10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0260","url":null,"abstract":": Microbial contamination of the wort during the fermentation process causes significant losses in ethanol production worldwide and creates a dependence of the industry on chemicals and antibiotics to control contamination. Therefore, this study used electron beam (e-beam) to disinfect wort from sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) molasses and investigate the bioethanol fermentation. Four treatments (T0 – T3) were carried out using ionizing doses of radiation through the electron accelerator: 0 (control), 10, 20, and 40 kGy. Total mesophiles, total bacteria, sucrose, glucose, fructose, phenolics, flavonoids, hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and Furfural were measured. An alcoholic fermentation assay was performed after the irradiation process. The irradiated treatments showed no inversion of sugars and formation of the inhibitory by-products flavonoids, furfural and 5-HMF, except for the phenolic compounds. The lower dose tested (10 kGy) reduced more than 99.9 % of the total mesophiles and more than 99.99 % of the total bacteria in the substrate. In the fermentation, the irradiated worts presented similar ( p > 0.05) yields (92, 93, and 94 %) and ethanol productivity levels (0.89, 0.88, and 0.87 g L –1 h –1 , for T1, T2, and T3 respectively). However, all treatments presented higher yields and productivity ( p < 0.05) when compared to the control (88 % and 0.85 g L –1 h –1 ), highlighting the possible use of e-beam in wort fermentation at a lower dose (10 kGy). This allows reduction in losses caused by microbial contamination, besides increasing fermentation yield and productivity with lower energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":49559,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Agricola","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67588852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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