Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-103-112
V. V. Markhinin
The paper is a preface to F. Bacon’s «Valerius Terminus» treatise. The article deals with basic facts of the treatise’s history, as well as the history of its study and the links between it and the other philosophical writings by F. Bacon.
{"title":"Valerius Terminus. Treatise by Francis Bacon","authors":"V. V. Markhinin","doi":"10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-103-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-103-112","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is a preface to F. Bacon’s «Valerius Terminus» treatise. The article deals with basic facts of the treatise’s history, as well as the history of its study and the links between it and the other philosophical writings by F. Bacon.","PeriodicalId":495683,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский философский журнал","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135786485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-67-85
D. B. Savelyev
The article explores the approach to the study of socio-political crises based on the concept of collegially shared power (CSP). The results of the qualitative comparative analysis allow to distinguish five stages in the establishing of a high level of CSP: 1) a transition of power to a coalition government through a revolutionary coup; 2) a common rejection of practices of suppression of opponents due to the absence of a dominant actor; 3) lack of a new head’s of state sufficient resources to become an independent actor; presence of a common geopolitical threat; 5) maintaining a general parity of power.
{"title":"Establishing of Collegially Shared Power and Revolutions in Western Europe of XIX century","authors":"D. B. Savelyev","doi":"10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-67-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-67-85","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the approach to the study of socio-political crises based on the concept of collegially shared power (CSP). The results of the qualitative comparative analysis allow to distinguish five stages in the establishing of a high level of CSP: 1) a transition of power to a coalition government through a revolutionary coup; 2) a common rejection of practices of suppression of opponents due to the absence of a dominant actor; 3) lack of a new head’s of state sufficient resources to become an independent actor; presence of a common geopolitical threat; 5) maintaining a general parity of power.","PeriodicalId":495683,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский философский журнал","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135785852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-56-66
V. I. Razumov
The article considers the historical transformations of the law, and argues that many contemporary scientists are wrong to ignore it. The paper criticizes the approach to the status of laws, which is determined by the degree of their compliance with the criteria of objectivity and rationality. Instead, a classification is constructed that includes the laws of logic and mathematics, natural sciences, technology, as well as social and legal. To consider the processes of unfolding laws in the evolution of reality, the concept of nomogenesis is used. The unification of laws is achieved due to the fact that they are all determined by the balance of their characteristic tendencies: objective / subjective, rational / extra-rational, determination / will. Special attention is paid to social and legal laws. The case of defining three social laws is offered.
{"title":"Laws: historical transformation, modern understanding, classification","authors":"V. I. Razumov","doi":"10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-56-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-56-66","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the historical transformations of the law, and argues that many contemporary scientists are wrong to ignore it. The paper criticizes the approach to the status of laws, which is determined by the degree of their compliance with the criteria of objectivity and rationality. Instead, a classification is constructed that includes the laws of logic and mathematics, natural sciences, technology, as well as social and legal. To consider the processes of unfolding laws in the evolution of reality, the concept of nomogenesis is used. The unification of laws is achieved due to the fact that they are all determined by the balance of their characteristic tendencies: objective / subjective, rational / extra-rational, determination / will. Special attention is paid to social and legal laws. The case of defining three social laws is offered.","PeriodicalId":495683,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский философский журнал","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135785850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-113-126
А. S. Omoloeva, А. E. Simbirtseva
The paper aims to expose the induction – deduction relation within W. Whewell’s treatise «Novum Organon Renovatum». Since Aristotle’s time. induction and deduction have been interpreted as independent and even «opposite» inferences (ways of connecting premises and conclusions), but this intuition is violated in W. Whewell’s works. Based on contemporary practice of some specific natural sciences W. Whewell quite reasonably concludes that “Aristotle overlooks a step which is of far more importance to our knowledge, namely, the invention of the second extreme term” and that “induction moves upward, and deduction downwards the same stair”. Ultimately, assessing the contribution of W. Whewell to the development and consolidation of the classical image of science, it can be noted that his thesis that “deduction justifies induction” is much more in line with the instrumentalism of E. Mach and A. Poincaré than J. Mill’s inductivism.
{"title":"W. Whewell: Induction and Deduction in Novum Organon Renovatum","authors":"А. S. Omoloeva, А. E. Simbirtseva","doi":"10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-113-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-113-126","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to expose the induction – deduction relation within W. Whewell’s treatise «Novum Organon Renovatum». Since Aristotle’s time. induction and deduction have been interpreted as independent and even «opposite» inferences (ways of connecting premises and conclusions), but this intuition is violated in W. Whewell’s works. Based on contemporary practice of some specific natural sciences W. Whewell quite reasonably concludes that “Aristotle overlooks a step which is of far more importance to our knowledge, namely, the invention of the second extreme term” and that “induction moves upward, and deduction downwards the same stair”. Ultimately, assessing the contribution of W. Whewell to the development and consolidation of the classical image of science, it can be noted that his thesis that “deduction justifies induction” is much more in line with the instrumentalism of E. Mach and A. Poincaré than J. Mill’s inductivism.","PeriodicalId":495683,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский философский журнал","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135786486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-21-36
E. B. Cherezova
The paper aims to demonstrate the possibility of consistently accepting the existence of effective mental causality in the fundamentally physical world. We suppose that the concept of causality in J. Kim’s exclusion argument against mental causation, which implies а generative conception of causal relations, can be revised taking into account the specificity of the multilevel organization of living objects. Rejection of the mechanistic model of causality as a linear process, allows you to maintain commitment to the principle of causal closure of the physical world and at the same time explain how top-down causality at the macro level is possible. For this, we use the model of a fractal tree of causal chains by J. Lowe, in which mental causality plays the role of an indirect cause of a fact. We carry out a meaningful distinction between the causality of facts and events by resorting to the multilevel model of J. Ellis, in which mental causality can be considered as a macro-level fact that has a selective effect on physical events of lower levels, taking into account a wide environmental context.
{"title":"The Mental Causality Exclusion Argument and the Levels of Organization of Living Objects","authors":"E. B. Cherezova","doi":"10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-21-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-21-36","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to demonstrate the possibility of consistently accepting the existence of effective mental causality in the fundamentally physical world. We suppose that the concept of causality in J. Kim’s exclusion argument against mental causation, which implies а generative conception of causal relations, can be revised taking into account the specificity of the multilevel organization of living objects. Rejection of the mechanistic model of causality as a linear process, allows you to maintain commitment to the principle of causal closure of the physical world and at the same time explain how top-down causality at the macro level is possible. For this, we use the model of a fractal tree of causal chains by J. Lowe, in which mental causality plays the role of an indirect cause of a fact. We carry out a meaningful distinction between the causality of facts and events by resorting to the multilevel model of J. Ellis, in which mental causality can be considered as a macro-level fact that has a selective effect on physical events of lower levels, taking into account a wide environmental context.","PeriodicalId":495683,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский философский журнал","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135785851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-86-102
V. V. Markhinin
The paper aims to make sense of the means necessary for the reconstruction of the unfinished plot and theoretical content of Bacon’s “New Atlantis”. The research contains the analysis of the origins of Bacon’s utopism in his early writings as well as of his use of the unpublished texts during his work for the projects of the “Great Instauration” and “New Atlantis”. We argue that in his utopian novel Bacon made several considerable borrowings from his early unpublished tracts and speeches similar to borrowings in the “Great Instauration”. These texts are the clue to the proper understanding and to the prevention of the misinterpretation of Bacon’s utopian thought.
{"title":"On the way to Bensalem: origins of “New Atlantis” in Francis Bacon’s early texts","authors":"V. V. Markhinin","doi":"10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-86-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-86-102","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to make sense of the means necessary for the reconstruction of the unfinished plot and theoretical content of Bacon’s “New Atlantis”. The research contains the analysis of the origins of Bacon’s utopism in his early writings as well as of his use of the unpublished texts during his work for the projects of the “Great Instauration” and “New Atlantis”. We argue that in his utopian novel Bacon made several considerable borrowings from his early unpublished tracts and speeches similar to borrowings in the “Great Instauration”. These texts are the clue to the proper understanding and to the prevention of the misinterpretation of Bacon’s utopian thought.","PeriodicalId":495683,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский философский журнал","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135785853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-37-45
E. Yu. Nemkova
The paper analyzes the phenomenon of the visual, namely, the analysis of the possibility and means of expressing the surrounding world through the concepts of photography and simulation, which are widely used in modern studies of visual culture. Through the expressions of authenticity, the authenticity and aura of Walter Benjamin, the simulacrum and simulation of Jean Baudrillard, an image of the city and an understanding of its reality in general and individual parts in particular arise. The interpretations of a separate space by individual human units of the city with their own meanings and understanding of authenticity are the result of the visualization by the subject-bearer of a specific image of the urban space.
{"title":"Photos and simulations in urban space","authors":"E. Yu. Nemkova","doi":"10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-37-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-37-45","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the phenomenon of the visual, namely, the analysis of the possibility and means of expressing the surrounding world through the concepts of photography and simulation, which are widely used in modern studies of visual culture. Through the expressions of authenticity, the authenticity and aura of Walter Benjamin, the simulacrum and simulation of Jean Baudrillard, an image of the city and an understanding of its reality in general and individual parts in particular arise. The interpretations of a separate space by individual human units of the city with their own meanings and understanding of authenticity are the result of the visualization by the subject-bearer of a specific image of the urban space.","PeriodicalId":495683,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский философский журнал","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135786480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-127-140
N. V. Golovko
Derek Turner believes that a proper interpretation of Arthur Fine’s natural ontological attitude can help to reveal the nature of the difference between «historical» (geology, archeology, forensics) and «empirical» (physics, chemistry) sciences. From his point of view, the apparent asymmetry between these sciences is a consequence of different understanding of the possibilities to «manipulate» the objects of study and the role played by background theories. In our opinion, Turner’s concept is a good example of how profound and inviting the instrumentalistic concept of science could be. First, it is «reflexive» in the sense that it constrained other instrumentalist theories (B. Fraassen’s constructive empiricism deeply flawed). And secondly, it is «constructive» – the emphasis that «the strength of arguments for or against scientific realism can vary depending on the scientific context» quite unexpectedly leads to the fact that «ideographic / nomothetic division is not very helpful», and to the fact that «epistemic disadvantage, but the same epistemic status». Reflections on the book: Turner D. Making Prehistory: Historical Science and the Scientific Realism Debate. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
{"title":"Natural Historical Attitude: Objectivity Before Truth Book Review: Turner D. Making Prehistory: Historical Science and the Scientific Realism Debate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.","authors":"N. V. Golovko","doi":"10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-127-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-127-140","url":null,"abstract":"Derek Turner believes that a proper interpretation of Arthur Fine’s natural ontological attitude can help to reveal the nature of the difference between «historical» (geology, archeology, forensics) and «empirical» (physics, chemistry) sciences. From his point of view, the apparent asymmetry between these sciences is a consequence of different understanding of the possibilities to «manipulate» the objects of study and the role played by background theories. In our opinion, Turner’s concept is a good example of how profound and inviting the instrumentalistic concept of science could be. First, it is «reflexive» in the sense that it constrained other instrumentalist theories (B. Fraassen’s constructive empiricism deeply flawed). And secondly, it is «constructive» – the emphasis that «the strength of arguments for or against scientific realism can vary depending on the scientific context» quite unexpectedly leads to the fact that «ideographic / nomothetic division is not very helpful», and to the fact that «epistemic disadvantage, but the same epistemic status». Reflections on the book: Turner D. Making Prehistory: Historical Science and the Scientific Realism Debate. Cambridge University Press, 2007.","PeriodicalId":495683,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский философский журнал","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135786487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-46-55
M. A. Shirokova
The article deals with the Russian and world trends noted in the modern philosophy of education, which prevent the state institutions from fulfilling the function of forming the political self-consciousness of citizens through the educational system. The features of the role of a person and the state in political education are also revealed from the point of view of political thinkers and philosophers of the 18th-19th centuries, representing both conservative and liberal concepts. The author notes that conservatives have always emphasized the positive role of the state in shaping a person, due to the imperfection of human nature. Liberals, on the contrary, came to the idea of the imperfection of the state and the need to make it, like a person, an object of political education.
{"title":"Development of Ideas about a Person and the State in the Philosophy of Political Education","authors":"M. A. Shirokova","doi":"10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-46-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-46-55","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the Russian and world trends noted in the modern philosophy of education, which prevent the state institutions from fulfilling the function of forming the political self-consciousness of citizens through the educational system. The features of the role of a person and the state in political education are also revealed from the point of view of political thinkers and philosophers of the 18th-19th centuries, representing both conservative and liberal concepts. The author notes that conservatives have always emphasized the positive role of the state in shaping a person, due to the imperfection of human nature. Liberals, on the contrary, came to the idea of the imperfection of the state and the need to make it, like a person, an object of political education.","PeriodicalId":495683,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский философский журнал","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135786488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-09DOI: 10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-5-20
N. Golovko, I. I. Ertel
The paper aims to show how in practice the requirement to maintain the coherence of the system of beliefs and the corresponding behavior of «spontaneous beliefs» within the concept of empirical knowledge by L. Bonjour can be correlated. The main example considered is P. Kosso’s arguments about the reliability of Thucydides’ «History» connected with the idea of possibility of justification restricted to a single source of evidence. As a heuristics we deal with the problem of how to establish the contextual dependence of inference and, in general, of the structure of the justification of knowledge within the given situation. First, it is possible to extend L. Bonjour’s concept with the idea of the nonmonotonic nature of justification and coherence of the original system of beliefs. Such a step, in particular, will make it possible to abandon the need for the argument «from meta-justification». Second, the interpretation of «spontaneous beliefs», their justification and facts fixing whether these beliefs violate the coherence of the original system or not, as patterns (in the sense of the fundamental concept of existence by D. Ross) makes it possible (for example, due to the exact understanding of «interpretative perspective» and «functional role» of the projection) to meaningfully interpret the «context dependence» in each particular case.
{"title":"Thucydides and L. Bonjour: spontaneous beliefs and the structure of justification restricted to a single source of evidence","authors":"N. Golovko, I. I. Ertel","doi":"10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-5-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2022-20-4-5-20","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to show how in practice the requirement to maintain the coherence of the system of beliefs and the corresponding behavior of «spontaneous beliefs» within the concept of empirical knowledge by L. Bonjour can be correlated. The main example considered is P. Kosso’s arguments about the reliability of Thucydides’ «History» connected with the idea of possibility of justification restricted to a single source of evidence. As a heuristics we deal with the problem of how to establish the contextual dependence of inference and, in general, of the structure of the justification of knowledge within the given situation. First, it is possible to extend L. Bonjour’s concept with the idea of the nonmonotonic nature of justification and coherence of the original system of beliefs. Such a step, in particular, will make it possible to abandon the need for the argument «from meta-justification». Second, the interpretation of «spontaneous beliefs», their justification and facts fixing whether these beliefs violate the coherence of the original system or not, as patterns (in the sense of the fundamental concept of existence by D. Ross) makes it possible (for example, due to the exact understanding of «interpretative perspective» and «functional role» of the projection) to meaningfully interpret the «context dependence» in each particular case.","PeriodicalId":495683,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский философский журнал","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136193752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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