Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.51585/gjvr.2024.3.0092
{"title":"Intestinal porcine epithelial cells-jejunum 2 (IPEC-J2): A prospective in vitro cell model for bovine and simian rotaviruses","authors":"","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.3.0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.3.0092","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.51585/gjvr.2024.3.0093
Emily Simango, T. L. Tyasi, T. Chitura
Bovine brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease in developing countries, endemic, and a growing challenge to public health. The development of cost-effective control measures for the disease can only be affirmed by knowledge of the disease epidemiology and the ability to define its risk profiles. This study aimed to document the trend of bovine brucellosis and the control measures adopted following reported cases from 2014 to 2019 in South Africa. The data on confirmed cases of bovine brucellosis was retrieved from the website of the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). Descriptive analysis and the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were utilized for significance (p<0.05). The data retrieved revealed an overall average bovine brucellosis prevalence rate of 8.48%. There were significant differences in bovine brucellosis prevalence across the provinces in 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, and 2019 (p<0.05). Provinces with generally lower annual temperatures, namely KwaZulu Natal, Western Cape, and Free State, had higher prevalences of bovine brucellosis, while disease trends for Gauteng, Northern Cape, and Eastern Cape provinces were not easy to establish due to missing data for some of the years falling within the study period. The study identified gaps in the reporting of bovine brucellosis and documentation of disease control measures in the country. The present study not only identified these gaps but also proposed the need for future studies that detect the prevalence of cattle brucellosis at the animal/ herd level. This recommendation, if implemented, can provide further insights into the disease situation in South Africa and pave the way for more effective control measures.
{"title":"Prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and adopted control measures in South Africa from 2014 to 2019","authors":"Emily Simango, T. L. Tyasi, T. Chitura","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.3.0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.3.0093","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease in developing countries, endemic, and a growing challenge to public health. The development of cost-effective control measures for the disease can only be affirmed by knowledge of the disease epidemiology and the ability to define its risk profiles. This study aimed to document the trend of bovine brucellosis and the control measures adopted following reported cases from 2014 to 2019 in South Africa. The data on confirmed cases of bovine brucellosis was retrieved from the website of the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). Descriptive analysis and the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were utilized for significance (p<0.05). The data retrieved revealed an overall average bovine brucellosis prevalence rate of 8.48%. There were significant differences in bovine brucellosis prevalence across the provinces in 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, and 2019 (p<0.05). Provinces with generally lower annual temperatures, namely KwaZulu Natal, Western Cape, and Free State, had higher prevalences of bovine brucellosis, while disease trends for Gauteng, Northern Cape, and Eastern Cape provinces were not easy to establish due to missing data for some of the years falling within the study period. The study identified gaps in the reporting of bovine brucellosis and documentation of disease control measures in the country. The present study not only identified these gaps but also proposed the need for future studies that detect the prevalence of cattle brucellosis at the animal/ herd level. This recommendation, if implemented, can provide further insights into the disease situation in South Africa and pave the way for more effective control measures.","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.51585/gjvr.2024.3.0094
Sara A. Elsharkawy, H. Latif, T. Purnawarman, Puji Rahayu
The rapid growth of the dairy industry has led to increased antibiotic use in dairy cattle, causing a surge in antibiotic-resistant genes. This, in turn, has expedited bacterial resistance development. The objective of this research was to analyze the presence of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli derived from dairy cattle manure in Bogor, Indonesia. In this study, twenty-five composite samples from different dairy farms in Bogor were collected. E. coli isolation and identification were performed following the Global Tricycle Surveillance extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli set by WHO 2021. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used for detecting beta-lactam resistance genes. Out of the total samples, 15 isolates (60%) exhibited one beta-lactam resistance gene. The prevalence of blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaCMY-2, and blaOXA genes was found to be 36%, 24%, 16%, and 4%, respectively. For blaSHV, all samples were negative. Furthermore, it was observed that 20% of the isolates harbored two beta-lactam resistance genes. The high occurrence of beta-lactam resistance genes in the manure samples indicated that resistant bacteria and resistance genes have been transmitted from dairy cattle to the environment. This poses an alarming threat to public health, as the dissemination of these resistant bacteria and genes into the wider ecosystem could compromise the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments for human infections. Urgent action is needed to address this issue, including improving manure management practices on dairy farms and implementing stricter regulations on antibiotic use in livestock production. Failure to address this issue poses a significant threat to both animal and human health in the region.
{"title":"Analysis of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cattle manure in Bogor, Indonesia","authors":"Sara A. Elsharkawy, H. Latif, T. Purnawarman, Puji Rahayu","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.3.0094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.3.0094","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid growth of the dairy industry has led to increased antibiotic use in dairy cattle, causing a surge in antibiotic-resistant genes. This, in turn, has expedited bacterial resistance development. The objective of this research was to analyze the presence of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli derived from dairy cattle manure in Bogor, Indonesia. In this study, twenty-five composite samples from different dairy farms in Bogor were collected. E. coli isolation and identification were performed following the Global Tricycle Surveillance extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) E. coli set by WHO 2021. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used for detecting beta-lactam resistance genes. Out of the total samples, 15 isolates (60%) exhibited one beta-lactam resistance gene. The prevalence of blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaCMY-2, and blaOXA genes was found to be 36%, 24%, 16%, and 4%, respectively. For blaSHV, all samples were negative. Furthermore, it was observed that 20% of the isolates harbored two beta-lactam resistance genes. The high occurrence of beta-lactam resistance genes in the manure samples indicated that resistant bacteria and resistance genes have been transmitted from dairy cattle to the environment. This poses an alarming threat to public health, as the dissemination of these resistant bacteria and genes into the wider ecosystem could compromise the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments for human infections. Urgent action is needed to address this issue, including improving manure management practices on dairy farms and implementing stricter regulations on antibiotic use in livestock production. Failure to address this issue poses a significant threat to both animal and human health in the region.","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0090
Sturgeon species hold significant commercial and ecological value, with many listed as endangered. Understanding their genetic structure is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies. The main aim of this study is to examine the genetic structure of sturgeon, which can provide a foundation for creating strategies to conserve these species. A total of 121 sturgeon individuals were analyzed using microsatellite molecular markers (STR) to conduct the study on the genetic structure of sturgeon fish species. DNA was extracted from fin tissues using a commercial kit, and genotyping was conducted using seven microsatellite loci. Cluster analysis and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) were performed to identify genetic differentiation among populations. The analysis showed differences in genetic diversity between the Siberian sturgeon, Russian sturgeon, and beluga samples. A deficiency of heterozygotes was discovered in artificial samples of sturgeon, indicating possible inbreeding. Genetic analysis has also revealed genetic differentiation between populations, possibly due to geographic structure or other factors. The study allows us to recommend increasing genetic diversity by introducing individuals from natural environments into sturgeon populations in aquaculture. Regular monitoring of genetic parameters in aquaculture populations and monitoring diversity dynamics are also crucial for the conservation and sustainability of sturgeon populations. The findings could help shape conservation strategies, especially in managing genetic diversity in aquaculture and reducing the risks associated with inbreeding and genetic drift.
{"title":"Genetic health and diversity assessment of Sturgeon species in Kazakhstan's aquaculture and natural habitats","authors":"","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0090","url":null,"abstract":"Sturgeon species hold significant commercial and ecological value, with many listed as endangered. Understanding their genetic structure is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies. The main aim of this study is to examine the genetic structure of sturgeon, which can provide a foundation for creating strategies to conserve these species. A total of 121 sturgeon individuals were analyzed using microsatellite molecular markers (STR) to conduct the study on the genetic structure of sturgeon fish species. DNA was extracted from fin tissues using a commercial kit, and genotyping was conducted using seven microsatellite loci. Cluster analysis and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) were performed to identify genetic differentiation among populations. The analysis showed differences in genetic diversity between the Siberian sturgeon, Russian sturgeon, and beluga samples. A deficiency of heterozygotes was discovered in artificial samples of sturgeon, indicating possible inbreeding. Genetic analysis has also revealed genetic differentiation between populations, possibly due to geographic structure or other factors. The study allows us to recommend increasing genetic diversity by introducing individuals from natural environments into sturgeon populations in aquaculture. Regular monitoring of genetic parameters in aquaculture populations and monitoring diversity dynamics are also crucial for the conservation and sustainability of sturgeon populations. The findings could help shape conservation strategies, especially in managing genetic diversity in aquaculture and reducing the risks associated with inbreeding and genetic drift.","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0089
The increasing drug resistance of Acinetobacter (A.) baumannii is a growing concern globally. This bacterium, prevalent in hospitals, is responsible for multi-resistant infections and has been identified by the WHO as a priority pathogen for new antibiotic development. While there is extensive information on human isolates, data on animal isolates are scarce and fragmented based on limited clinical cases and genomic analyses. The impact of resistant strains on public and veterinary health is challenging to assess due to a lack of data. However, the potential impact on public health cannot be underestimated. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen surveillance of A. baumannii in domestic animals, livestock, and wildlife. The growing presence of this pathogen in veterinary clinical samples is alarming, especially given the increasing interaction between animals and humans. Recognizing animals as potential reservoirs is crucial for understanding pathogen transmission dynamics, given their capacity for zoonotic transmission. With the rise in the number of animals testing positive for multi-resistant bacteria, monitoring A. baumannii in the animal population is vital to prevent the pathogen's spread and protect public health. A review of studies conducted in Italy on the topic underscores the role of pets, livestock, and foods of animal origin in the transmission of A. baumannii and Acinetobacter spp. Further animal research is urgently needed to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of spread and resistance. This review underscores the need to explore this area, providing crucial insights for public health and infectious disease management within a One Health context.
{"title":"Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: An underestimated pathogen in veterinary medicine in Italy","authors":"","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0089","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing drug resistance of Acinetobacter (A.) baumannii is a growing concern globally. This bacterium, prevalent in hospitals, is responsible for multi-resistant infections and has been identified by the WHO as a priority pathogen for new antibiotic development. While there is extensive information on human isolates, data on animal isolates are scarce and fragmented based on limited clinical cases and genomic analyses. The impact of resistant strains on public and veterinary health is challenging to assess due to a lack of data. However, the potential impact on public health cannot be underestimated. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen surveillance of A. baumannii in domestic animals, livestock, and wildlife. The growing presence of this pathogen in veterinary clinical samples is alarming, especially given the increasing interaction between animals and humans. Recognizing animals as potential reservoirs is crucial for understanding pathogen transmission dynamics, given their capacity for zoonotic transmission. With the rise in the number of animals testing positive for multi-resistant bacteria, monitoring A. baumannii in the animal population is vital to prevent the pathogen's spread and protect public health. A review of studies conducted in Italy on the topic underscores the role of pets, livestock, and foods of animal origin in the transmission of A. baumannii and Acinetobacter spp. Further animal research is urgently needed to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of spread and resistance. This review underscores the need to explore this area, providing crucial insights for public health and infectious disease management within a One Health context.","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141829158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0091
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the relative abundance of gastrointestinal microbial structures in different gut sections of Cobb500 broiler chickens reared in naturally ventilated houses and fed a standard diet for 35 days under the ambient environment of Oman. In this research, sequences from 1,179,068 16S rDNA analyses were grouped into 253 operational taxonomic units with a sequence similarity threshold of 97%. These units revealed the presence of seven phyla and twenty-six families. Firmicutes were found to be the dominant phylum in the duodenum (96.4%), jejunum (88.8%), ileum (96.8%), and cecum (96.8%). In contrast, Tenericutes and Thermi were the least prevalent phyla across these gut regions, accounting for between 0.01% and 0.12% of the total sequences. Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria showed higher prevalence in the cecum (accounted for 6.59%, 7.42%, and 7.50%, respectively) than in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Lactobacillaceae were notably observed as the predominant family in the four gut segments, accounting for 73.87% in the duodenum, 43.30% in the jejunum, 77.81% in the ileum, and 46.30% in the caecum, collectively comprising a substantial portion of the sequencing data. Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae emerged as dominant families, comprising 28.61% and 30.8% of the sequencing data across all four intestinal sections, respectively. Statistical analysis of the 16S rDNA libraries showed that each section of the intestine contains a unique bacterial community with an increase in bacterial diversity parallel to age increase. The study's findings reveal the temporal dynamics of the chicken's gut microbiota in a naturally ventilated housing environment. The results obtained provide a unique perspective on the diversity of bacterial communities, highlighting significant differences in microbial composition across different segments of the intestine and offering practical insights for the management of broiler chicken health.
{"title":"Profiling of bacterial community’s dynamics inhibiting the intestinal tract of broiler chickens growing in naturally ventilated house","authors":"","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0091","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to evaluate the relative abundance of gastrointestinal microbial structures in different gut sections of Cobb500 broiler chickens reared in naturally ventilated houses and fed a standard diet for 35 days under the ambient environment of Oman. In this research, sequences from 1,179,068 16S rDNA analyses were grouped into 253 operational taxonomic units with a sequence similarity threshold of 97%. These units revealed the presence of seven phyla and twenty-six families. Firmicutes were found to be the dominant phylum in the duodenum (96.4%), jejunum (88.8%), ileum (96.8%), and cecum (96.8%). In contrast, Tenericutes and Thermi were the least prevalent phyla across these gut regions, accounting for between 0.01% and 0.12% of the total sequences. Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria showed higher prevalence in the cecum (accounted for 6.59%, 7.42%, and 7.50%, respectively) than in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Lactobacillaceae were notably observed as the predominant family in the four gut segments, accounting for 73.87% in the duodenum, 43.30% in the jejunum, 77.81% in the ileum, and 46.30% in the caecum, collectively comprising a substantial portion of the sequencing data. Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae emerged as dominant families, comprising 28.61% and 30.8% of the sequencing data across all four intestinal sections, respectively. Statistical analysis of the 16S rDNA libraries showed that each section of the intestine contains a unique bacterial community with an increase in bacterial diversity parallel to age increase. The study's findings reveal the temporal dynamics of the chicken's gut microbiota in a naturally ventilated housing environment. The results obtained provide a unique perspective on the diversity of bacterial communities, highlighting significant differences in microbial composition across different segments of the intestine and offering practical insights for the management of broiler chicken health.","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0088
Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) are a major impediment to the health, welfare, and production of small ruminants across the world, including Africa. Comprehensive information about the epidemiology of TBPs infecting sheep and goats across Africa is lacking. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence through a meta-analysis of selected TBPs in blood DNA from domestic sheep and goats in Africa obtained using molecular-based methods. The literature review was done according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines using five English electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, Web of Science, and African Journals Online (AJOL). The search was performed with no restriction in time through to 18th January 2023. Of the 63 full-text articles subjected to eligibility, only 30 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The overall pooled prevalence of selected TBPs varied considerably between host species (sheep vs. goats), with Anaplasma ovis (44.50 vs. 48.40%), Ehrlichia ruminantium (5.50 vs. 2.00%), Coxiella burnetii (4.40 vs. 1.70%), Borrelia theileri in sheep (5.20%), Babesia ovis (1.70% vs. 1.90%), Theileria ovis (40.50% vs 10.00%), T. separata (1.00% vs 1.00%) and T. lestoquardi in sheep (8.40%). However, the prevalence of the selected TBPs was generally higher in sheep compared to goats. Several genetic loci were targeted in the characterization of tick-borne pathogens, such as 16S rDNA, groEL, and msp4 for Anaplasma ovis, pCS20 for Ehrlichia ruminantium, Insertion Sequence (IS1111) for Coxiella burnetii, flaB (flagellin) and 16S rRNA for Borrelia theileri, 5.8S rRNA and 18S rRNA for Babesia/Theileria, as well as the utilization of numerous PCR variants including conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nested-PCR, qPCR, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and reverse line blotting (RLB). In conclusion, A. ovis was the most widely distributed and prevalent TBP affecting small ruminants within the continent. Hence, this warrants adequate attention towards early diagnosis and treatment of infected animals as well as the control of the tick vectors involved in their transmission.
蜱媒病原体（TBPs）是包括非洲在内的世界各地小型反刍动物健康、福利和生产的主要障碍。目前缺乏有关非洲绵羊和山羊感染蜱传病原体流行病学的全面信息。因此，本研究通过对使用分子方法从非洲家养绵羊和山羊血液 DNA 中获得的部分 TBPs 进行荟萃分析，以确定其流行率。文献综述是根据系统综述和荟萃分析首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南，利用五个英文电子数据库（PubMed、Science Direct、Springer Link、Web of Science 和 African Journals Online (AJOL)）进行的。检索时间不受限制，直至 2023 年 1 月 18 日。在经过资格审查的 63 篇全文文章中，只有 30 篇符合资格标准，被纳入综述。在不同宿主物种（绵羊与山羊）之间，所选 TBPs 的总体汇总流行率差异很大，其中猫鼬疟原虫（44.50% vs. 48.40%）、反刍埃希氏菌（5.50% vs. 2.00%）、烧伤柯西氏菌（4.40 vs. 1.70%）、绵羊 Theileri 波氏杆菌（5.20%）、绵羊巴贝斯虫（1.70% vs. 1.90%）、绵羊 Theileria ovis（40.50% vs. 10.00%）、绵羊 T. separata（1.00% vs. 1.00%）和绵羊 T. lestoquardi（8.40%）。然而，与山羊相比，所选 TBPs 在绵羊中的流行率普遍较高。在确定蜱传病原体的特征时，有几个基因位点是目标位点，如猫疽的 16S rDNA、groEL 和 msp4，反刍埃希氏菌的 pCS20，烧伤克氏菌的插入序列 (IS1111)，包柔氏疟原虫的 flaB（鞭毛蛋白）和 16S rRNA，绵羊的 5.8S rRNA 和 18S rRNA。此外，还使用了多种 PCR 方法，包括传统聚合酶链反应（PCR）、巢式 PCR、qPCR、环介导等温扩增（LAMP）和反向印迹法（RLB）。总之，羱羊是非洲大陆分布最广、影响小反刍动物最普遍的 TBP。因此，有必要对受感染动物的早期诊断和治疗给予足够重视，并对参与传播的蜱媒进行控制。
{"title":"Molecular prevalence and distribution of tick-borne bacterial and protozoan pathogens of sheep and goats in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0088","url":null,"abstract":"Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) are a major impediment to the health, welfare, and production of small ruminants across the world, including Africa. Comprehensive information about the epidemiology of TBPs infecting sheep and goats across Africa is lacking. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence through a meta-analysis of selected TBPs in blood DNA from domestic sheep and goats in Africa obtained using molecular-based methods. The literature review was done according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines using five English electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, Web of Science, and African Journals Online (AJOL). The search was performed with no restriction in time through to 18th January 2023. Of the 63 full-text articles subjected to eligibility, only 30 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The overall pooled prevalence of selected TBPs varied considerably between host species (sheep vs. goats), with Anaplasma ovis (44.50 vs. 48.40%), Ehrlichia ruminantium (5.50 vs. 2.00%), Coxiella burnetii (4.40 vs. 1.70%), Borrelia theileri in sheep (5.20%), Babesia ovis (1.70% vs. 1.90%), Theileria ovis (40.50% vs 10.00%), T. separata (1.00% vs 1.00%) and T. lestoquardi in sheep (8.40%). However, the prevalence of the selected TBPs was generally higher in sheep compared to goats. Several genetic loci were targeted in the characterization of tick-borne pathogens, such as 16S rDNA, groEL, and msp4 for Anaplasma ovis, pCS20 for Ehrlichia ruminantium, Insertion Sequence (IS1111) for Coxiella burnetii, flaB (flagellin) and 16S rRNA for Borrelia theileri, 5.8S rRNA and 18S rRNA for Babesia/Theileria, as well as the utilization of numerous PCR variants including conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nested-PCR, qPCR, Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and reverse line blotting (RLB). In conclusion, A. ovis was the most widely distributed and prevalent TBP affecting small ruminants within the continent. Hence, this warrants adequate attention towards early diagnosis and treatment of infected animals as well as the control of the tick vectors involved in their transmission.","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0086
M. Sajid, S. A. H. Naqvi, Muhammad W. R. Marral, M. Said
Babesiosis caused by Babesia ovis is a major threat to the livestock industry worldwide. In Pakistan, the Lohi sheep breed is an important economic resource, but limited information is available on the impact of B. ovis infection on this breed. This study aimed to investigate the serum electrolyte and trace element variations between B. ovis-infected and uninfected Lohi sheep from Pakistan. A total of 97 Lohi sheep was stratified based on the geographical distribution of Multan district, employing a multistage cluster sampling method. Blood and serum samples were collected from randomly selected sheep, and DNA extraction and PCR amplification were performed to detect B. ovis infection. Serum electrolyte and trace element levels were analyzed in infected (n=67) and uninfected (n=30) groups, stratified by age and gender. The study revealed a 69.07% overall infection rate of B. ovis in Lohi sheep. Infected sheep showed significantly elevated serum copper levels (p<0.0001), with no substantial differences observed in serum iron, sodium, potassium, and chloride levels. However, age-wise variance analysis revealed statistically significant variations in sodium and potassium levels (p<0.0001 and p<0.05, respectively). Notably, serum chloride levels differed between infected and uninfected females in individuals younger than two years (p<0.05). Serum iron levels remained consistent across different age groups. Comparative analysis indicated a higher prevalence of electrolyte imbalances, such as hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hyperchloremia, and hypoferremia, in infected sheep compared to normal reference ranges, while instances of hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and hyperferremia were less frequent. In conclusion, our study suggests that B. ovis infections could lead to alterations in serum electrolyte and trace element levels in Lohi sheep, emphasizing the importance of further research into the specific mechanisms driving these alterations to enhance disease management strategies tailored to this breed.
由巴贝斯虫引起的巴贝斯虫病是全球畜牧业的一大威胁。在巴基斯坦，洛希绵羊品种是一种重要的经济资源，但有关巴贝虫感染对该品种影响的信息却很有限。本研究旨在调查巴基斯坦受 B. ovis 感染的洛希绵羊与未感染 B. ovis 的洛希绵羊之间血清电解质和微量元素的变化。根据木尔坦地区的地理分布，采用多阶段聚类取样法对 97 只洛希羊进行了分层。从随机抽取的绵羊身上采集血液和血清样本，进行 DNA 提取和 PCR 扩增，以检测 B. ovis 感染情况。按年龄和性别对感染组（67 只）和未感染组（30 只）的血清电解质和微量元素水平进行了分析。研究结果显示，洛希绵羊的总体感染率为 69.07%。受感染绵羊的血清铜含量明显升高（p<0.0001），而血清铁、钠、钾和氯化物含量则无明显差异。然而，年龄差异分析表明，钠和钾水平的差异具有统计学意义（分别为 p<0.0001 和 p<0.05）。值得注意的是，两岁以下女性感染者和未感染者的血清氯化物水平存在差异（p<0.05）。不同年龄组的血清铁含量保持一致。比较分析表明，与正常参考值范围相比，感染羊的电解质失衡发生率更高，如低钠血症、高钾血症、高氯血症和低铁血症，而高钠血症、低钾血症、低氯血症和高铁血症的发生率较低。总之，我们的研究表明，洛希绵羊感染 B. ovis 可导致其血清电解质和微量元素水平发生变化，这强调了进一步研究这些变化的具体机制的重要性，以加强针对该品种绵羊的疾病管理策略。
{"title":"Evaluating serum electrolyte and trace element variations between Babesia ovis-infected and uninfected Lohi sheep","authors":"M. Sajid, S. A. H. Naqvi, Muhammad W. R. Marral, M. Said","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0086","url":null,"abstract":"Babesiosis caused by Babesia ovis is a major threat to the livestock industry worldwide. In Pakistan, the Lohi sheep breed is an important economic resource, but limited information is available on the impact of B. ovis infection on this breed. This study aimed to investigate the serum electrolyte and trace element variations between B. ovis-infected and uninfected Lohi sheep from Pakistan. A total of 97 Lohi sheep was stratified based on the geographical distribution of Multan district, employing a multistage cluster sampling method. Blood and serum samples were collected from randomly selected sheep, and DNA extraction and PCR amplification were performed to detect B. ovis infection. Serum electrolyte and trace element levels were analyzed in infected (n=67) and uninfected (n=30) groups, stratified by age and gender. The study revealed a 69.07% overall infection rate of B. ovis in Lohi sheep. Infected sheep showed significantly elevated serum copper levels (p<0.0001), with no substantial differences observed in serum iron, sodium, potassium, and chloride levels. However, age-wise variance analysis revealed statistically significant variations in sodium and potassium levels (p<0.0001 and p<0.05, respectively). Notably, serum chloride levels differed between infected and uninfected females in individuals younger than two years (p<0.05). Serum iron levels remained consistent across different age groups. Comparative analysis indicated a higher prevalence of electrolyte imbalances, such as hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hyperchloremia, and hypoferremia, in infected sheep compared to normal reference ranges, while instances of hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and hyperferremia were less frequent. In conclusion, our study suggests that B. ovis infections could lead to alterations in serum electrolyte and trace element levels in Lohi sheep, emphasizing the importance of further research into the specific mechanisms driving these alterations to enhance disease management strategies tailored to this breed.","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0085
Oksana Boiko, T. Garkavenko, Iryna Musiiets, Vitalii Nedosekov, T. Kozytska
A laboratory-based surveillance was conducted to study the transmission of Salmonella infection in Ukraine during the period 2012-2023. The study focused on the different categories of food products, feed, and animals as the main transmission factors and tried to analyze the relationship between them. The serological profile of Salmonella was predominantly observed in samples from objects of veterinary control, including biological/pathological material from animals and biomaterials from poultry within the National Poultry Salmonellosis Control Program. The study found that the most frequently isolated serovars were S. Enteritidis (20.03%), followed by S. Typhimurium (14.76%), S. Pullorum (without biovar identification;10.71%), S. Pullorum biovar Pullorum (10.50%), S. Pullorum var. Gallinarum (6.62%), S. Choleraesuis (5.79%), S. Livingstone (2.53%), and S. Infantis (1.70%). In 2021, an isolate of monophasic S. Typhimurium was identified for the first time in pathological material from pigs. The study also found that the most frequent Salmonella-positive categories of food products in Ukraine were meat and meat products (78.16%), eggs and egg products (11.75%); dairy products (3.319%), fish products (2.71%), ready-to-eat food products (1.96%). The largest specific share of Salmonella isolates from food products and feed was S. Enteritidis, followed by serotypes such as S. Infantis, S. Typhimurium, S. Livingstone, S. Virchow, and rare serotypes such as S. Nigeria and S. Thompson. The dominance of certain serovars such as S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Infantis, S. Livingstone, and S. Virchow in biomaterials from sick animals indicates their primary role in the infection of food products of animal origin. Hence, a stress to enhance diagnostic and monitoring frameworks at animal herd levels. The findings of this study can be used as a basis for evidence-based epidemiology, as well as for the implementation of joint steps to improve the effectiveness of control measures against salmonellosis in each region.
{"title":"Salmonellosis in Ukraine: An analysis of food products contamination, Salmonella transmission, and serovar diversity during 2012–2023","authors":"Oksana Boiko, T. Garkavenko, Iryna Musiiets, Vitalii Nedosekov, T. Kozytska","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0085","url":null,"abstract":"A laboratory-based surveillance was conducted to study the transmission of Salmonella infection in Ukraine during the period 2012-2023. The study focused on the different categories of food products, feed, and animals as the main transmission factors and tried to analyze the relationship between them. The serological profile of Salmonella was predominantly observed in samples from objects of veterinary control, including biological/pathological material from animals and biomaterials from poultry within the National Poultry Salmonellosis Control Program. The study found that the most frequently isolated serovars were S. Enteritidis (20.03%), followed by S. Typhimurium (14.76%), S. Pullorum (without biovar identification;10.71%), S. Pullorum biovar Pullorum (10.50%), S. Pullorum var. Gallinarum (6.62%), S. Choleraesuis (5.79%), S. Livingstone (2.53%), and S. Infantis (1.70%). In 2021, an isolate of monophasic S. Typhimurium was identified for the first time in pathological material from pigs. The study also found that the most frequent Salmonella-positive categories of food products in Ukraine were meat and meat products (78.16%), eggs and egg products (11.75%); dairy products (3.319%), fish products (2.71%), ready-to-eat food products (1.96%). The largest specific share of Salmonella isolates from food products and feed was S. Enteritidis, followed by serotypes such as S. Infantis, S. Typhimurium, S. Livingstone, S. Virchow, and rare serotypes such as S. Nigeria and S. Thompson. The dominance of certain serovars such as S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Infantis, S. Livingstone, and S. Virchow in biomaterials from sick animals indicates their primary role in the infection of food products of animal origin. Hence, a stress to enhance diagnostic and monitoring frameworks at animal herd levels. The findings of this study can be used as a basis for evidence-based epidemiology, as well as for the implementation of joint steps to improve the effectiveness of control measures against salmonellosis in each region.","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0081
The present study examines the antibacterial effects of edible plants (Neem, Garlic, and Ginger) extracts against Salmonella serovars isolated from layer flocks using phenotypic antimicrobial resistance techniques. The incidence of positive isolates was higher in Dinajpur (13.89%), followed by Thakurgoan (11.91%), Nilphamari (10%), and Panchagarh (8.33%). Organoleptic analysis showed a higher prevalence in the liver (17.86%) compared to the heart (7.14%) and lung (10.72%). Ethanolic extractions were performed from the plants, and the antibacterial activity of these extracts was assessed using the disc diffusion method at concentrations of 80, 100, and 120 mg/mL against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, which were identified from selected layer flocks using conventional laboratory techniques. These bacteria are resistant to at least two antibiotics. The maximum inhibition zones for Neem, Garlic, and Ginger extracts at 120 mg/mL were 14 mm, 10 mm, and 2 mm, respectively, while the minimum inhibition zones at 80 mg/mL were 10 mm, 3 mm, and none, respectively. Neem leaf extract showed the highest effectiveness against MDR bacteria compared to Garlic and Ginger extracts. Although the organisms were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and colistin, they showed intermediate resistance to levofloxacin and chloramphenicol and resistance to neomycin and kanamycin. When comparing the antibacterial efficacy of resistant antibiotics and plant extracts in vitro, plant extracts showed larger inhibition zones. Therefore, it was concluded that ethanolic Neem leaf extract could serve as an alternative to conventional antibiotics against field isolates of Salmonella spp. in poultry.
{"title":"Efficacy of edible plant extracts against multi-drug resistant Salmonella serovars in layer flocks","authors":"","doi":"10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2024.2.0081","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examines the antibacterial effects of edible plants (Neem, Garlic, and Ginger) extracts against Salmonella serovars isolated from layer flocks using phenotypic antimicrobial resistance techniques. The incidence of positive isolates was higher in Dinajpur (13.89%), followed by Thakurgoan (11.91%), Nilphamari (10%), and Panchagarh (8.33%). Organoleptic analysis showed a higher prevalence in the liver (17.86%) compared to the heart (7.14%) and lung (10.72%). Ethanolic extractions were performed from the plants, and the antibacterial activity of these extracts was assessed using the disc diffusion method at concentrations of 80, 100, and 120 mg/mL against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, which were identified from selected layer flocks using conventional laboratory techniques. These bacteria are resistant to at least two antibiotics. The maximum inhibition zones for Neem, Garlic, and Ginger extracts at 120 mg/mL were 14 mm, 10 mm, and 2 mm, respectively, while the minimum inhibition zones at 80 mg/mL were 10 mm, 3 mm, and none, respectively. Neem leaf extract showed the highest effectiveness against MDR bacteria compared to Garlic and Ginger extracts. Although the organisms were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and colistin, they showed intermediate resistance to levofloxacin and chloramphenicol and resistance to neomycin and kanamycin. When comparing the antibacterial efficacy of resistant antibiotics and plant extracts in vitro, plant extracts showed larger inhibition zones. Therefore, it was concluded that ethanolic Neem leaf extract could serve as an alternative to conventional antibiotics against field isolates of Salmonella spp. in poultry.","PeriodicalId":496728,"journal":{"name":"German journal of veterinary research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141039279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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