Neuropsychology Review最新文献

This meta-analysis estimated academic achievement differences between children and adolescents with and without Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and explored potential moderators. Systematic literature searches from inception to March 2025 identified 2,531 unique articles, with 39 studies (146 effect sizes) met inclusion criteria. These studies encompassed data from 3,681 individuals with NF1 (43.95% female; M_age = 10.50 years, SD = 2.53) and 15,153 without NF1 (48.92% female; M_age = 9.85 years, SD = 3.03). Group differences in academic achievement (Hedges' g) were synthesized using robust standard error estimation and random effect models. Individuals with NF1 exhibited lower achievement in reading (g = -0.79, 95% CI [-0.95, -0.64]), writing (g = -0.82, 95% CI [-0.95, -0.68]), and math (g = -0.77, 95% CI [-0.90, -0.65]). Group disparities were present across reading subskills with greater differences in pseudoword reading (g = -1.43, 95% CI [-1.98, -0.89]) and word reading (g = -0.96, 95% CI [-1.26, -0.67]) than reading fluency (g = -0.62, 95% CI [-1.00, -0.23]). Lower full-scale IQ and verbal IQ were linked to greater group disparities in writing, but not in reading or math. Disparities were greater when unaffected siblings were used as controls (vs. normative data) in reading and writing. These findings underscore the need for targeted support and educational interventions for individuals with NF1.

This systematic review aimed to identify preserved and impaired memory processes in Huntington's disease (HD), with consideration of disease stage and the specific memory subsystems assessed. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar up to March 11, 2025. Eligible studies had to be peer-reviewed, had to involve participants aged 18 or older, had to include patients with genetically or clinically confirmed HD, and had to be published in English or French. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. A structured narrative synthesis was performed across seven memory subsystems and clinical stages (pre-manifest vs. manifest), and findings were summarized using tables and figures. A total of 136 studies were included. Verbal episodic memory impairments were consistently observed from early stages, particularly in free recall, while recognition was initially preserved. Visual episodic memory showed progressive deficits. Olfactory memory, though rarely examined, appeared to be impaired early. Autobiographical memory was underinvestigated but showed signs of disruption, seemingly independent of executive dysfunction. Semantic memory was generally preserved but showed reduced access without cues. Early-stage impairments were also reported in working memory. Priming was preserved, while complex procedural learning tasks showed variable deficits. Many studies presented methodological limitations, including confounding and lack of blinding. Memory profiles in HD appear heterogeneous and subsystem-specific. Autobiographical memory may constitute a distinct cognitive marker. Improved characterization of memory deficits is crucial to guide the development of targeted cognitive interventions.

Executive functions and self-regulation, which are the control processes relevant for learning and adaptation, are frequently impaired in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Research on the role of early executive functions and self-regulation in the diagnosis and developmental trajectories of NDDs has grown rapidly in recent years, necessitating a synthesis of the evidence strength and the methodologies used to investigate the relationship between executive functions/self-regulation and the functional profiles of NDDs. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined 32 studies that used longitudinal designs to investigate the relationship between executive functions and self-regulation in the first 6 years of life and NDDs symptoms from ages 3 to 18. Separate meta-analyses were conducted for the statistical methods used, as well as for ADHD and ASD diagnoses, types of executive function and self-regulation measures, and the developmental periods during which they were assessed. The results highlight a significant longitudinal association between early executive and self-regulation difficulties and later impairments in attention, socio-communication, and adaptive functioning in NDDs. The findings also support the predictive value of these early difficulties and the need to consider the methodological characteristics of the studies. Although these findings predominantly concern specific diagnostic categories, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder, they could have important implications for several conditions of atypical neurodevelopment, especially for the prevention of symptoms and associated psychopathological exacerbation. Given the methodological variability of the studies, the results of this review can also help in defining more appropriate tools and statistical methodologies for future research.

Evidence exists that cocaine impacts cognition and behaviour. Yet, uncertainty remains as to what extent cognitive inhibition efficiency decreases in cocaine users. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA 2020 checklist. Our search yielded 1725 articles from Scopus, PubMed and WOS, from which twenty-four studies were finally identified as meeting the inclusion criteria for the systematic review and twenty (providing twenty-three effect sizes) for the meta-analysis. A multi-level random-effects meta-analysis was conducted, and moderation analysis was implemented to examine the potential moderating effects of sex, age, years of regular cocaine use, days of cocaine abstinence, and sample type (clinical vs. community) in the estimated effects. Results showed worse inhibition in cocaine users compared to controls (g = 0.65; 95% CI [0.28, 1.03], p < .001), but none of the moderators significantly impacted this effect. Findings highlight the link between impaired cognitive inhibition and cocaine use disorder and suggest that inhibitory control training approaches would be promising. Future clinical studies are needed to elucidate on the efficacy of neuropsychological approaches for improving inhibitory control and augment the effectiveness of first-line interventions for cocaine use disorder.

This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of neuropsychological interventions in enhancing cognition in patients with epilepsy. The systematic review was conducted under PRISMA guidelines. Of 1363 articles, 25 met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses assessing pre-post changes in experimental interventions (i.e., without comparison to control groups) revealed moderate effects on cognition in adults (g = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.18, 0.40; p < 0.0001), with significant effects for attention (g = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.43; p = 0.0098), immediate memory (g = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.21, 0.47; p < 0.0001), delayed memory (g = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.18, 0.57; p < 0.0001), and language (g = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.59; p = 0.0159). In pediatric samples, moderate effects were found on overall cognition (g = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.22, 0.89; p = 0.0012), with gains in attention (g = 0.66; 95% CI = 0.15, 1.17; p = 0.01) and working memory (g = 0.80; 95% CI = -0.05, 1.65; p = 0.06). Comparisons with control groups (i.e., patients without intervention) showed a trend towards positive effects in adults (g = 0.35; 95% CI = -0.00, 0.71; p = 0.053), with brain training games associated with poorer outcomes (B = -1.03; SE = 0.52; 95% CI = -2.05, -0.00; p = 0.049). No significant differences were found in pediatric samples (g = 0.34; 95% CI = -0.22, 0.89; p = 0.24). The findings support the implementation of targeted cognitive interventions in clinical practice, offering evidence-based recommendations.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) represents an intermediate stage between typical aging and early cognitive decline. As such, an early and accurate diagnosis is essential in making timely interventions. Digital tools, including mobile applications, web platforms, wearable devices, and artificial intelligence-driven systems, have been developed and validated to capture multidimensional data, offering innovative screening solutions. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of digital tools for MCI detection in different populations and settings, with a particular focus on three key issues: (i) the overall diagnostic performance of digital tools, (ii) the influence of methodological quality of studies, and (iii) the impact of demographic factors and familiarity with technologies on diagnostic accuracy. This meta-analysis assessed diagnostic accuracy across 32 studies, reporting pooled sensitivity (0.808, 95% CI: 0.775-0.838) and specificity (0.795, 95% CI: 0.757-0.828), but with considerable heterogeneity (I² = 71.5% sensitivity; 84.0% specificity). The HSROC analysis revealed significant intrinsic variability (τₐ = 0.807) and minimal threshold variability (τθ = 0.291). Meta-regression indicated that applicability concerns significantly reduced specificity (p = 0.037), with older age also predicting lower specificity (p = 0.029). Thus, implementing standardized protocols, rigorous validation processes, and targeted adaptations are crucial steps for enhancing the effectiveness of digital tools in detecting MCI.

The autobiographical functioning of memory allows the grouping of all personal knowledge. Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibit autobiographical recall disorders due to difficulties in retrieving contextual elements associated with personal memories. This impairment leads to a reduction in the subjective experience of recall as well as a disturbance of self-awareness. Within an innovative approach, this article aims to reconsider the autobiographical recall deficits observed in AD according to the embodied approach to cognition, in order to promote the development of embodied interventions aimed at reducing the difficulties of patients with AD. To this end, we propose two preliminary models: the first concerning autobiographical recall disorders in AD according to the embodied approach to cognition, and the second concerning the management of autobiographical recall disorders in AD according to the embodied approach to cognition. We thus propose avenues for reflection and a reference framework for clinicians and researchers wishing to develop embodied methods intended for AD patients.

This meta-analytic study aims to investigate the cognitive correlates of risky decision-making in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing (TD) individuals. A systematic analysis of existing literature was conducted, encompassing 38 studies (496 ADHD and 1493 TD). Findings revealed a consistent propensity for riskier decision-making in individuals with ADHD, supported by significant correlations with attention, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, time perception, and working memory. The study underscores the relevance of these cognitive functions in shaping decision-making tendencies, with nuanced patterns observed within the ADHD and TD subgroups. Individuals with ADHD often demonstrate altered patterns of correlation, reflecting the specific cognitive challenges characteristic of the disorder.

Lesion-symptom studies in persons with aphasia showed that left temporoparietal damage, but surprisingly not prefrontal damage, correlates with impaired ability to process thematic roles in the comprehension of semantically reversible sentences (The child is hugged by the mother). This result has led to challenge the time-honored view that left prefrontal regions are critical for sentence comprehension. However, most studies focused on thematic role assignment and failed to consider morphosyntactic processes that are also critical for sentence processing. We reviewed and meta-analyzed lesion-symptom studies on the neurofunctional correlates of thematic role assignment and morphosyntactic processing in comprehension and production in persons with aphasia. Following the PRISMA checklist, we selected 43 papers for the review and 27 for the meta-analysis, identifying a set of potential bias risks. Both the review and the meta-analysis confirmed the correlation between thematic role processing and temporoparietal regions but also clearly showed the involvement of prefrontal regions in sentence processing. Exploratory meta-analyses suggested that both thematic role and morphosyntactic processing correlate with left prefrontal and temporoparietal regions, that morphosyntactic processing correlates with prefrontal structures more than with temporoparietal regions, and that thematic role assignment displays the opposite trend. We discuss current limitations in the literature and propose a set of recommendations for clarifying unresolved issues.

The loss of a sense, such as vision, forces individuals to adapt to their environment and its demands in a variety of ways. In the case of blindness, significant neurofunctional and cognitive changes have been documented. However, there is no clear consensus on the differences in performance between adult blind participants and sighted controls in cognitive processes such as working memory (WM). Two variables are important, including the cognitive task used to measure working memory and the age at which vision loss occurs. This review is aimed at exploring potential disparities in verbal and spatial WM performance between blind and sighted adults, as well as understanding how these differences may be influenced by the age of vision loss. A systematic search across PsycArticles, PsycInfo, Medline, and Web of Science databases identified 21 pertinent studies. The studies were categorized, and effect sizes were calculated through meta-analysis, distinguishing between verbal (auditory simple forward and backward span, complex span, and n-back) and visuospatial WM tasks (adapted Corsi-block and simple storage tasks, imagery tasks, and complex storage tasks). Visual sensory loss induces adaptations affecting WM function in blind participants. In the verbal domain, improved phonological processing and/or serial item position encoding might facilitate WM retrieval. In contrast, in spatial WM, an over-reliance on serial processing may hinder strategic grouping in blind individuals. This review highlights the need to further explore the role of age at the time of vision loss. Although evidence suggests that adaptations to serial processing may be more pronounced in early development, particularly in comparison to those who become blind in adulthood, the available data are limited. The study calls for further research to deepen our understanding of cognitive adaptations and their temporal dynamics in response to vision loss.