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State of stocks, analysis and prospects of fishing for real seals in the North Okhotsk Sea subzone of the Sea of Okhotsk 鄂霍次克海北鄂霍次克海分区真海豹捕捞现状、分析与展望
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-5-16-22
Alexey Grachev, Marina Rakitina, Andrey Smirnov
Based on the materials collected in 2000-2022, the dynamics of stocks and the prospects for harvesting true seals living in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk are considered.
根据2000年至2022年收集的资料,对鄂霍次克海北部真海豹的种群动态和捕捞前景进行了考虑。
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引用次数: 0
The results of breeding the seaside scallop in a bottom aviary combining bottom and suspended methods of cultivation 海底与悬浮相结合的海底鸟舍养殖海滨扇贝的结果
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-5-67-72
Elena Brovkina, Elena Kostina
The cultivation of bivalves is currently one of the most promising areas of mariculture worldwide. The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of traditional methods of cultivating scallop seaside, where the suspended method is considered more promising than the bottom. The specific productivity of cage cultivation is calculated, in which a little more than 10 ha (2.5-3.0 t/ha) is required to obtain 25-30 tons of marketable products. With the bottom method, 4-6 sites of 1 ha (2.5-5.0 t/ha) will be needed for growing 10-30 tons. The latter value even exceeds the indicators of cage cultivation, although it has always been considered as more reliable and productive. In order to minimize or avoid some of the disadvantages of traditional breeding methods, a new method of growing scallops was applied at the mariculture site in Kozmina Bay: in an aviary. The essence of the method is that before the release of the yearlings, the site is fenced with a fence from Delhi, which protects the mollusks from many predators and prevents the scallops from moving outside the site.
双壳类养殖是目前世界上最有前途的海水养殖领域之一。本文讨论了传统的海滨扇贝养殖方法的优缺点,其中悬浮法比海底法更有前途。计算网箱养殖的比生产力,其中需要略多于10公顷(2.5-3.0吨/公顷)才能获得25-30吨适销产品。采用底部法,种植10-30吨将需要4-6个1公顷(2.5-5.0吨/公顷)的场地。后者的数值甚至超过了网箱养殖的指标,尽管网箱养殖一直被认为更可靠、更高产。为了尽量减少或避免传统养殖方法的一些缺点,在Kozmina湾的海水养殖场采用了一种新的养殖方法:在鸟舍中养殖扇贝。该方法的精髓在于,在放生这些一岁的幼仔之前,该地区用德里的栅栏围起来,保护软体动物免受许多捕食者的侵害,并防止扇贝移出该地区。
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引用次数: 0
Legal basis for cooperation between the Russian Federation and the BRICS states in fisheries and prospects for its development 俄罗斯联邦与金砖国家渔业合作的法律基础及其发展前景
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-5-4-13
Damir Bekyashev
The legal basis for cooperation between the Russian Federation and the BRICS states are considered in the article. The information on the place of these states in fisheries and aquaculture of the world, on the role and development of the fishing industry in the economy of Brazil, India, China and South Africa is given. The current bilateral international documents of the Russian Federation with the BRICS member states, joint membership in international fisheries organizations are analyzed. Proposals for the development of bilateral cooperation between the Russian Federation and Brazil, India, China and South Africa in the field of fisheries were formulated.
文章探讨了俄罗斯联邦与金砖国家合作的法律基础。提供了关于这些国家在世界渔业和水产养殖中的地位以及巴西、印度、中国和南非渔业在经济中的作用和发展的资料。分析了目前俄罗斯与金砖国家签署的双边国际文件、联合加入国际渔业组织的情况。会议拟订了关于发展俄罗斯联邦与巴西、印度、中国和南非在渔业领域的双边合作的建议。
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引用次数: 0
Biotechnics of artificial reproduction of East Siberian grayling (Thymallus arcticus pallasi) in expedition conditions on the Aldan River in Yakutia 雅库特阿尔丹河考察条件下东西伯利亚灰鲑人工繁殖的生物技术
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-5-31-35
Dmitry Larionov, Evgeny Potapov
The article describes methods for obtaining and counting grayling eggs, its incubation, and growing the larva to a viable stage in expedition conditions. Recommendations are given on the choice of installation sites for incubators and cages. The working fecundity of grayling is 1500 pieces of eggs per female. The loading density of caviar is up to 40 thousand pieces / incubation unit. The incubation period is 27 days or 153 degree days. The density of planting larvae in cages for short-term maintenance for the period of rearing is 20 thousand pieces / m2. The period of rearing is 10 days.
本文介绍了在考察条件下获取和计数灰鲑卵、孵化和将幼虫培养到可活阶段的方法。对孵化器和笼的安装地点的选择提出了建议。灰鲑的有效繁殖力是每只雌鱼产1500枚卵。鱼子酱的装载密度可达4万条/孵化单位。潜伏期为27天或153度天。饲养期间短期维持笼内种植幼虫密度为2万只/ m2。饲养期为10天。
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引用次数: 0
Demography, taxonomy, genetics of the Yenisei sturgeon model – 20 years later Part 2 叶尼塞鲟模型的人口学,分类学,遗传学- 20年后的第2部分
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-5-51-59
Nikolay Gaydenok
The conceptual and historical aspects of ecology, taxonomy, genetics, demography and the peculiarities of selectivity dynamics of the Yenisei sturgeon are considered. On the basis of mathematical modeling, the life expectancy of the Siberian sturgeon has been revised and traveling waves of promizyatia selectivity, gene wave, dynamics of alleles of the Siberian sturgeon have been detected
对叶尼塞鲟鱼的生态学、分类学、遗传学、人口学和选择性动态特性的概念和历史方面进行了考虑。在建立数学模型的基础上,修正了西伯利亚鲟鱼的预期寿命,检测了西伯利亚鲟鱼的选择性行波、基因波和等位基因动态
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引用次数: 0
Development of conversion factors for the conversion of the mass of crabs transported in live form on ships of the Far Eastern Basin 远东盆地船运活蟹质量换算系数的研制
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-5-80-87
Elena Nickolaevna Harenko, Yevgeniy Yakush, Elena Chupikova, Alexander Gritsenko, Tat'yana Sayapina, Anna Antosyuk, Natalya Yarichevskaya
Studies have been conducted and conversion coefficients have been developed for the weight method for determining the mass of a crab transported on vessels of the fishing fleet in a live form. The features of the structure and physiology of crabs, which must be taken into account when carrying out control weighings, are revealed. As a result, a methodology has been developed for determining the mass of a crab transported on fishing fleet vessels in a live form, which includes basic concepts, requirements for inventory and measuring instruments, the procedure for carrying out control weighings, accounting forms for determining the mass of a crab, conversion coefficients and a conversion formula. The development and implementation of methods for determining the mass of the crab made it possible to effectively control the removal of crabs without damaging the commercial properties of the products, and to reduce the time of control measures to determine the size of the removal of crabs.
已经进行了研究,并为重量法制定了换算系数,以确定渔船船队船上运输的活蟹的质量。揭示了螃蟹在进行对照称重时必须考虑的结构和生理特征。因此,制定了一套确定渔船上运输的活蟹质量的方法,其中包括基本概念、盘存和测量仪器的要求、进行控制称重的程序、确定蟹质量的会计表格、换算系数和换算公式。螃蟹质量测定方法的开发和实施,可以在不损害产品商业性能的情况下,有效地控制螃蟹的去除,并缩短了控制措施确定去除螃蟹大小的时间。
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引用次数: 0
The peculiarity of the strategy of using the aquatic biological resources of Lake Tsatsa by commercial fishing 商业捕捞利用察察湖水生生物资源策略的特殊性
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-5-44-50
Nicolay Kucenko, Alexander Naumenko, Efim Kozhurin, Yulia Nikolaevna Grozesku
The paper provides a brief analysis of the retrospective and current state of industrial fishing of Lake Tsatsa, as well as the results of studies of the state of the commercial fish fauna and its food supply. The results obtained made it possible to develop the most optimal strategy for the fishery use of fish stocks, which is based on the maximum possible harvesting of the slow-growing population of bream, the irruption of which causes a further deterioration in feeding conditions for traditional commercial fish - carp and crucian carp. They are more in demand among the population and, accordingly, more profitable in the fishery, which is the first direction of the proposed strategy. The second direction of the strategy is the directed formation of the ichthyofauna with the predominance of the biomass of the most commercially valuable species - herbivorous fish, which is ensured by the existing significant reserves of phytoplanton and macrophytes. The introduction of herbivorous fish juvenile as objects of pasturable fish culture will increase fish productivity and produce annually from 20 to 55 tons of valuable fish products.
本文简要分析了察察湖工业捕捞的回顾和现状,以及商业鱼类区系和食物供应状况的研究结果。所取得的结果使我们能够为鱼类资源的渔业利用制定最优战略,该战略的基础是尽可能多地捕捞增长缓慢的鲷鱼种群,而鲷鱼种群的中断会导致传统商业鱼类——鲤鱼和鲫鱼的饲养条件进一步恶化。人们对它们的需求更大,因此在渔业中更有利可图,这是拟议战略的第一个方向。该战略的第二个方向是有针对性地形成鱼区系,其中最具商业价值的物种-草食性鱼类的生物量占主导地位,这是由现有的大量植物和大型植物储备确保的。引进草食性幼鱼作为放牧养鱼的对象将提高鱼类生产力,每年可生产20至55吨有价值的鱼类产品。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic variability of the initial herd of the intra-breed type of the Sarboyan carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) breed based on a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase I gene of mitochondrial DNA 基于线粒体DNA细胞色素氧化酶I基因片段的鲤鱼品种内型初始群体遗传变异研究
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-5-35-43
Irina Moruzi, Elizabeth Eliseeva, Naimjon Razoqov, Nikolay Bochkarev, Elena Pischenko
In the modern study of evolutionary and taxonomic relationships of fish, the mitochondrial genome is used because of its small size and high mutation rate compared to the nuclear genome. mtDNA research helps to identify geographical and genetic patterns, as well as the origin of species, breeds and varieties. In this work, the genetic diversity of the herd of the northern type Sarboyan carp was studied using the COX1 fragment of mitochondrial DNA, and phylogenetic relationships between modern breeds, subspecies and species of the genus Cyprinus were analyzed. The analyzed haplotypes of Sarboyan carp bred in the Moshkovsky district on the farm of ECO-PARK LLC revealed relatively low indicators of genetic polymorphism. Phylogenetic analysis conducted on the basis of its own haplotypes and haplotypes taken from the NCBI international database suggests that the Sarboyan carp is a deeply hybrid grouping, which confirms the known data on the origin of this breed. The study of the median haplotype network showed that the haplotypes of carp and wild carp form related haplogroups through one common haplotype. The Sarboyan carp is represented by three haplotypes, 75% of which belong to the star-shaped structure (H1), and the remaining 25% are represented by various breeds of carp and carp from both Eurasia and North America.
与核基因组相比,线粒体基因组体积小,突变率高,因此在鱼类进化和分类关系的现代研究中得到了广泛应用。mtDNA研究有助于确定地理和遗传模式,以及物种、品种和变种的起源。本文利用线粒体DNA的COX1片段研究了北方型萨尔博扬鲤群的遗传多样性,并分析了鲤属现代品种、亚种和种间的系统发育关系。对ECO-PARK LLC在莫什科夫斯基地区养殖的鲤鱼单倍型分析显示,遗传多态性指标相对较低。根据其自身的单倍型和NCBI国际数据库中的单倍型进行的系统发育分析表明,Sarboyan鲤鱼是一个深度杂交类群,这证实了该品种起源的已知数据。对中位单倍型网络的研究表明,鲤鱼和野生鲤鱼的单倍型通过一个共同的单倍型形成相关的单倍群。Sarboyan鲤鱼由三个单倍型代表,其中75%属于星形结构(H1),其余25%由欧亚大陆和北美的各种鲤鱼和鲤鱼品种代表。
{"title":"Genetic variability of the initial herd of the intra-breed type of the Sarboyan carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) breed based on a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase I gene of mitochondrial DNA","authors":"Irina Moruzi, Elizabeth Eliseeva, Naimjon Razoqov, Nikolay Bochkarev, Elena Pischenko","doi":"10.37663/0131-6184-2023-5-35-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2023-5-35-43","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern study of evolutionary and taxonomic relationships of fish, the mitochondrial genome is used because of its small size and high mutation rate compared to the nuclear genome. mtDNA research helps to identify geographical and genetic patterns, as well as the origin of species, breeds and varieties. In this work, the genetic diversity of the herd of the northern type Sarboyan carp was studied using the COX1 fragment of mitochondrial DNA, and phylogenetic relationships between modern breeds, subspecies and species of the genus Cyprinus were analyzed. The analyzed haplotypes of Sarboyan carp bred in the Moshkovsky district on the farm of ECO-PARK LLC revealed relatively low indicators of genetic polymorphism. Phylogenetic analysis conducted on the basis of its own haplotypes and haplotypes taken from the NCBI international database suggests that the Sarboyan carp is a deeply hybrid grouping, which confirms the known data on the origin of this breed. The study of the median haplotype network showed that the haplotypes of carp and wild carp form related haplogroups through one common haplotype. The Sarboyan carp is represented by three haplotypes, 75% of which belong to the star-shaped structure (H1), and the remaining 25% are represented by various breeds of carp and carp from both Eurasia and North America.","PeriodicalId":498194,"journal":{"name":"Rybnoe hozâjstvo","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135829993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of heat treatment methods on weight loss of fish semi-finished products 热处理方法对鱼类半成品减重的影响
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-5-98-104
Anna Vasyukova, Irina Kusova, Anatoly Edwards, Alexandra Moskalenko, Amina Dzhaboeva
The level of scientific and technical literature related to the research topic is analyzed. Unexplored areas in the technique and technology of baked fish and vegetable products using various types of equipment have been identified. In the process of research, the issues of combining lean fish species with products of plant origin, which mutually complement the amino acid composition of highly prepared semi-finished products, were considered. The main raw material for the production of cutlets was fresh frozen pink salmon fish with the addition of buckwheat, rolled oats, millet and rye flour, as well as powders of plant origin: freeze-dried dill, parsley and paprika, and onions, orange and yellow carrots, and milk were used as plant and animal raw materials, butter and chicken egg. For heat treatment, gentle heat treatment methods and modes were chosen: baking in a combi oven in the “steam” and “heat” modes and, for comparison, the same method – baking in an oven. Based on modeling the components of the recipe, taking into account their biological value, new taste qualities of baked fish cutlets were obtained. As a control, there were fish cutlets prepared according to the traditional recipe available in the regulatory documentation. The dependences of raw and heat-treated products and their influence on the structure of cutlets were revealed. The sensory characteristics of new semi-finished products with a high degree of readiness were obtained, taking into account processing in a combi oven and baking in an oven. The parameters of technological processes have been established for baking in the “steam” and “heat” mode at a temperature of 180-200 ° C in a combi oven, and at 200°C baking for 7 minutes, and then at a temperature of up to 250 ° C until the inside reaches 80°C (more 3-5 minutes). The dependences of milk, eggs and butter on the binding components of the formulation - herbal additives – have been identified. The resulting model formulation meets the requirements, regulatory documentation and consumer preferences. Baking in the “heat” mode is characterized by a loss of protein of 3,43-3,68%, fat – 0,02-0,23%, carbohydrates - 0,43-0,61%. Oven roasting has a gentler effect on nutrient loss. At the same time, the loss of protein is 2,00-2,49%, fat - 0,13-0,43%, carbohydrates – 0,11-0,46%.
分析了与研究课题相关的科技文献水平。已经确定了使用各种设备的烤鱼和蔬菜产品的技术和技术中尚未开发的领域。在研究过程中,考虑了瘦鱼种与植物源产品相结合的问题,使其与高度制备的半成品氨基酸组成相辅相成。制作肉排的主要原料是新鲜的冷冻粉红鲑鱼,加入荞麦、燕麦片、小米和黑麦粉,以及植物源性粉末:冻干莳萝、欧芹和辣椒粉,洋葱、橙色和黄色胡萝卜,牛奶作为动植物原料,黄油和鸡蛋。对于热处理,选择了温和的热处理方法和模式:在“蒸汽”和“加热”模式下的组合烤箱中烘烤,以及在烤箱中烘烤的相同方法进行比较。在对配方成分进行建模的基础上,考虑其生物学价值,获得了烤鱼肉排新的口感品质。作为对照,根据监管文件中提供的传统配方制备了鱼排。揭示了生料和热处理产物的依赖性及其对肉片组织的影响。在综合炉加工和烘箱烘烤的情况下,获得了具有高成熟度的新半成品的感官特性。建立了在“蒸汽”和“加热”模式下,在180-200℃的组合烤箱中烘烤,在200℃烘烤7分钟,然后在250℃的温度下烘烤,直到内部达到80℃(多3-5分钟)的工艺流程参数。已经确定了牛奶、鸡蛋和黄油对配方的结合成分——草药添加剂——的依赖性。由此产生的模型公式符合要求、监管文件和消费者偏好。在“热”模式下烘焙的特点是蛋白质损失3,43-3,68%,脂肪损失- 0,02-0,23%,碳水化合物损失- 0,43-0,61%。烤箱烘烤对营养损失的影响较小。同时,蛋白质的损失为2000 -2,49%,脂肪的损失为- 0,13-0,43%,碳水化合物的损失为- 0,11-0,46%。
{"title":"Influence of heat treatment methods on weight loss of fish semi-finished products","authors":"Anna Vasyukova, Irina Kusova, Anatoly Edwards, Alexandra Moskalenko, Amina Dzhaboeva","doi":"10.37663/0131-6184-2023-5-98-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2023-5-98-104","url":null,"abstract":"The level of scientific and technical literature related to the research topic is analyzed. Unexplored areas in the technique and technology of baked fish and vegetable products using various types of equipment have been identified. In the process of research, the issues of combining lean fish species with products of plant origin, which mutually complement the amino acid composition of highly prepared semi-finished products, were considered. The main raw material for the production of cutlets was fresh frozen pink salmon fish with the addition of buckwheat, rolled oats, millet and rye flour, as well as powders of plant origin: freeze-dried dill, parsley and paprika, and onions, orange and yellow carrots, and milk were used as plant and animal raw materials, butter and chicken egg. For heat treatment, gentle heat treatment methods and modes were chosen: baking in a combi oven in the “steam” and “heat” modes and, for comparison, the same method – baking in an oven. Based on modeling the components of the recipe, taking into account their biological value, new taste qualities of baked fish cutlets were obtained. As a control, there were fish cutlets prepared according to the traditional recipe available in the regulatory documentation. The dependences of raw and heat-treated products and their influence on the structure of cutlets were revealed. The sensory characteristics of new semi-finished products with a high degree of readiness were obtained, taking into account processing in a combi oven and baking in an oven. The parameters of technological processes have been established for baking in the “steam” and “heat” mode at a temperature of 180-200 ° C in a combi oven, and at 200°C baking for 7 minutes, and then at a temperature of up to 250 ° C until the inside reaches 80°C (more 3-5 minutes). The dependences of milk, eggs and butter on the binding components of the formulation - herbal additives – have been identified. The resulting model formulation meets the requirements, regulatory documentation and consumer preferences. Baking in the “heat” mode is characterized by a loss of protein of 3,43-3,68%, fat – 0,02-0,23%, carbohydrates - 0,43-0,61%. Oven roasting has a gentler effect on nutrient loss. At the same time, the loss of protein is 2,00-2,49%, fat - 0,13-0,43%, carbohydrates – 0,11-0,46%.","PeriodicalId":498194,"journal":{"name":"Rybnoe hozâjstvo","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135829997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Technologies for deep processing of pelagic fish species as the basis for the competitiveness of industrial enterprises 远洋鱼种深加工技术是工业企业竞争力的基础
Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.37663/0131-6184-2023-5-88-92
Inna Brazhnaya, Elena Kuznetsova, Margarita Inyukina, Anastasia Mordasova
The article presents the results of studies of the competitiveness of new technologies for deep processing of pelagic fish species, such as blue whiting, polar cod, herring with a mass fraction of fat content of less than 12%. The results of the QFD analysis of competitiveness and the prospects of the technologies for processing pelagic raw materials developed by the employees of FSAEI VO "MSTU" are presented.
本文介绍了脂肪含量质量分数小于12%的蓝白鱼、极地鳕鱼、鲱鱼等远洋鱼类深加工新技术的竞争力研究结果。介绍了FSAEI VO“MSTU”员工开发的远洋原材料加工技术的竞争力QFD分析结果和前景。
{"title":"Technologies for deep processing of pelagic fish species as the basis for the competitiveness of industrial enterprises","authors":"Inna Brazhnaya, Elena Kuznetsova, Margarita Inyukina, Anastasia Mordasova","doi":"10.37663/0131-6184-2023-5-88-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2023-5-88-92","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of studies of the competitiveness of new technologies for deep processing of pelagic fish species, such as blue whiting, polar cod, herring with a mass fraction of fat content of less than 12%. The results of the QFD analysis of competitiveness and the prospects of the technologies for processing pelagic raw materials developed by the employees of FSAEI VO \"MSTU\" are presented.","PeriodicalId":498194,"journal":{"name":"Rybnoe hozâjstvo","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135829999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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