Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1186/s42055-024-00088-5
Sarah Whipple, Stefan Moss
{"title":"Correction: Leveraging virtual datasets to investigate the interplay of pollinators, protected areas, and SDG 15","authors":"Sarah Whipple, Stefan Moss","doi":"10.1186/s42055-024-00088-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-024-00088-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":498263,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Earth Reviews","volume":"55 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1186/s42055-024-00086-7
Jennifer Patterson, Francia Kinchington
{"title":"Learning sustainability at the Barefoot College: local and global community values in action","authors":"Jennifer Patterson, Francia Kinchington","doi":"10.1186/s42055-024-00086-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-024-00086-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":498263,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Earth Reviews","volume":"58 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1186/s42055-024-00085-8
Elena Fusar Poli, M. Fontefrancesco
{"title":"Trends in the implementation of biopesticides in the Euro-Mediterranean region: a narrative literary review","authors":"Elena Fusar Poli, M. Fontefrancesco","doi":"10.1186/s42055-024-00085-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-024-00085-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":498263,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Earth Reviews","volume":"6 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141003935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1186/s42055-024-00084-9
Sarah Whipple, Stefan Moss
{"title":"Leveraging virtual datasets to investigate the interplay of pollinators, protected areas, and SDG 15","authors":"Sarah Whipple, Stefan Moss","doi":"10.1186/s42055-024-00084-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-024-00084-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":498263,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Earth Reviews","volume":"25 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141047550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-15DOI: 10.1186/s42055-023-00070-7
Sarah Hautzinger
{"title":"Continuing to Talanoa: storytelling dialogues for youth engagement in climate action and justice","authors":"Sarah Hautzinger","doi":"10.1186/s42055-023-00070-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-023-00070-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":498263,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Earth Reviews","volume":"126 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1186/s42055-023-00063-6
Victoria Reyes-García, David García-del-Amo, Anna Porcuna-Ferrer, Anna Schlingmann, Mariam Abazeri, Emmanuel M. N. A. N. Attoh, Julia Vieira da Cunha Ávila, A. Ayanlade, Daniel Babai, Petra Benyei, Laura Calvet-Mir, Rosario Carmona, Julián Caviedes, Jane Chah, Rumbidzayi Chakauya, Aida Cuní‑Sanchez, Á. Fernández‐Llamazares, E. Galappaththi, D. Gerkey, Sonia Graham, Théo Guillerminet, T. Huanca, José Tomás Ibarra, A.B. Junqueira, Xiaoyue Li, Yolanda López-Maldonado, Giulia Mattalia, Aibek Samakov, Christoph Schunko, Reinmar Seidler, Victoria Sharakhmatova, Priyatma Singh, Adrien Tofighi-Niaki, Miquel Torrents-Ticó, Santiago Álvarez-Fernández, R. Bulamah, Mouna Chambon, Ogi Chao, Zhuo Chen, F. Chengula, Albert Cruz-Gispert, Christophe Demichelis, Evgeniya Dudina, S. Gallois, Marcos Glauser, Eric Hirsch, Andrea E. Izquierdo, Leneisja Junsberg, Juliette Mariel, M. Miara, Sara Miñarro, V. Porcher, U. Shrestha, Alpy Sharma, T. Ulambayar, Rihan Wu, I. Zakari, Marijn Zant
{"title":"Local studies provide a global perspective of the impacts of climate change on Indigenous Peoples and local communities","authors":"Victoria Reyes-García, David García-del-Amo, Anna Porcuna-Ferrer, Anna Schlingmann, Mariam Abazeri, Emmanuel M. N. A. N. Attoh, Julia Vieira da Cunha Ávila, A. Ayanlade, Daniel Babai, Petra Benyei, Laura Calvet-Mir, Rosario Carmona, Julián Caviedes, Jane Chah, Rumbidzayi Chakauya, Aida Cuní‑Sanchez, Á. Fernández‐Llamazares, E. Galappaththi, D. Gerkey, Sonia Graham, Théo Guillerminet, T. Huanca, José Tomás Ibarra, A.B. Junqueira, Xiaoyue Li, Yolanda López-Maldonado, Giulia Mattalia, Aibek Samakov, Christoph Schunko, Reinmar Seidler, Victoria Sharakhmatova, Priyatma Singh, Adrien Tofighi-Niaki, Miquel Torrents-Ticó, Santiago Álvarez-Fernández, R. Bulamah, Mouna Chambon, Ogi Chao, Zhuo Chen, F. Chengula, Albert Cruz-Gispert, Christophe Demichelis, Evgeniya Dudina, S. Gallois, Marcos Glauser, Eric Hirsch, Andrea E. Izquierdo, Leneisja Junsberg, Juliette Mariel, M. Miara, Sara Miñarro, V. Porcher, U. Shrestha, Alpy Sharma, T. Ulambayar, Rihan Wu, I. Zakari, Marijn Zant","doi":"10.1186/s42055-023-00063-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-023-00063-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":498263,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Earth Reviews","volume":"49 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140512358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1186/s42055-023-00062-7
Bradley Plunkett, Daniel Roberts, Sudarshan Kharel, Kevin Foster, Tim Overheu, Brendon Savage
Abstract Tolga is a 5,200 ha sheep and cropping farm located near Kulin in Western Australia (WA). Since 2004, its production system has been a blend of conventional and alternative practices; some of these alternative practices are common in non-broadacre industries. The alternative practices are based on an understanding of soil health gained from the Australian Soil Planners system which aims to improve the farm’s biological functioning and nutrient cycling. This includes use of phase rotations with legume (subclover) pastures tended as a crop, minimal, but necessary synthetic fertilisers and chemicals, supplementary nutritional packages for pastures, animals, and soils, supplementing chemical control with nutrition and grazing management where possible, corrective liming to address soil acidity, and using deep rooted tillage radish to recycle sub soil nutrients, promote root biomass to reduce the impact of soil compaction and possibly, reduce enteric methane emissions. Livestock performance is very high by industry standards, and crop yields, previously similar to district average, are improving in response to a greater proportion of the farm dedicated to livestock / pasture production. The reasons for the high level of livestock performance are not thoroughly understood, emphasising the need for research into the farm’s system. Estimated profitability is around the median of a leading consultant’s cohort of farmers for that rainfall zone; however, the low variability in its profit is reflective of the top 25% of the cohort, ranked on profit (gross margin) per hectare. The business has steadily grown over the past 30 years. Emissions (T/CO 2 e/ha) are estimated to be low compared to industry benchmarks and evidence exists that the farm’s total organic carbon pool is either reflective of or is as much as 40% higher than the surrounding area.
托尔加是位于西澳大利亚州库林附近的一个5200公顷的绵羊和农作物农场。自2004年以来，其生产系统一直是传统和替代做法的混合;其中一些替代做法在非大面积工业中很常见。替代做法是基于从澳大利亚土壤规划系统获得的对土壤健康的理解，该系统旨在改善农场的生物功能和养分循环。这包括将豆科牧草(三叶草下层)作为一种作物进行轮作，少量但必要的合成肥料和化学品，为牧场、动物和土壤提供补充营养包，在可能的情况下用营养和放牧管理补充化学控制，纠正石灰以解决土壤酸性问题，使用深根耕作萝卜来循环利用下层土壤养分，促进根系生物量以减少土壤压实的影响，并可能，减少肠道甲烷排放。按行业标准衡量，牲畜的生产性能非常高，农作物产量以前与地区平均水平相当，由于农场用于畜牧/牧场生产的比例增加，农作物产量正在提高。牲畜生产性能高的原因尚未完全了解，这强调了对农场系统进行研究的必要性。据估计，该地区的盈利能力大约是一家领先咨询公司的农民群体的中位数;然而，其利润的低变异性反映了每公顷利润(毛利率)排名前25%的队列。在过去的30年里，这家公司一直在稳步增长。与行业基准相比，排放量(T/ co2 e/ha)估计较低，有证据表明，该农场的总有机碳库要么反映了周围地区的碳排放，要么比周围地区高出40%。
{"title":"High performance of a low input, mixed western Australian farming system: public policy implications from the case of Tolga farm","authors":"Bradley Plunkett, Daniel Roberts, Sudarshan Kharel, Kevin Foster, Tim Overheu, Brendon Savage","doi":"10.1186/s42055-023-00062-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-023-00062-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tolga is a 5,200 ha sheep and cropping farm located near Kulin in Western Australia (WA). Since 2004, its production system has been a blend of conventional and alternative practices; some of these alternative practices are common in non-broadacre industries. The alternative practices are based on an understanding of soil health gained from the Australian Soil Planners system which aims to improve the farm’s biological functioning and nutrient cycling. This includes use of phase rotations with legume (subclover) pastures tended as a crop, minimal, but necessary synthetic fertilisers and chemicals, supplementary nutritional packages for pastures, animals, and soils, supplementing chemical control with nutrition and grazing management where possible, corrective liming to address soil acidity, and using deep rooted tillage radish to recycle sub soil nutrients, promote root biomass to reduce the impact of soil compaction and possibly, reduce enteric methane emissions. Livestock performance is very high by industry standards, and crop yields, previously similar to district average, are improving in response to a greater proportion of the farm dedicated to livestock / pasture production. The reasons for the high level of livestock performance are not thoroughly understood, emphasising the need for research into the farm’s system. Estimated profitability is around the median of a leading consultant’s cohort of farmers for that rainfall zone; however, the low variability in its profit is reflective of the top 25% of the cohort, ranked on profit (gross margin) per hectare. The business has steadily grown over the past 30 years. Emissions (T/CO 2 e/ha) are estimated to be low compared to industry benchmarks and evidence exists that the farm’s total organic carbon pool is either reflective of or is as much as 40% higher than the surrounding area.","PeriodicalId":498263,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Earth Reviews","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135933000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1186/s42055-023-00060-9
Maryam Yousefi, Frank Ewert
Abstract Background Living labs are innovative platforms that bring together stakeholders (academic and non-academic actors from diverse disciplines), to collaboratively co-create, develop and test new technologies, products, services in real-life environments. As living labs become increasingly popular in addressing sustainability challenges in agriculture, it is essential to understand the potential of living labs to support innovation in the agricultural context. However, the existing knowledge is dispersed, and uncertainties remained regarding their approaches, methods, and outcomes. To address this gap, this study outlines a systematic review protocol of the existing literature on living labs in agricultural-related contexts. This will be done through questions focusing on the contributions of living labs to agricultural sustainability and innovation, their effectiveness, and strategies for development and implementation. Additionally, it will identify areas that require further research and development to advance our understanding of these initiatives. Method This study will be conducted according to the RepOrting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES) review protocol. We will search databases, including Scopus, Web of Science (core collection) and Google Scholar, which will be limited to titles, abstracts, and keywords in English to eliminate irrelevant literature. The quality of the method used for each selected study will be evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program, Qualitative Research Checklist. Coding and data extraction will include for example bibliographic information, types of agricultural practices tested, dominant framework (e.g. open innovation, user innovation, and participatory design), the contribution of living lab in agriculture, stakeholder roles, etc. We will use thematic analysis to synthesise our findings. We will compare descriptive and narrative sub-groups to take into account differences in living lab concepts in relation to the context, outcomes, and limitations. Conclusions The results of this review will provide a foundation for informing user-centred innovations in agriculture using living lab methodology. Researchers and practitioners working in areas such as co-design which incorporate user involvement, collaboration, and knowledge exchange, may also benefit from these findings.
生活实验室是一个创新平台，它将利益相关者(来自不同学科的学术和非学术参与者)聚集在一起，在现实环境中协同创造、开发和测试新技术、产品和服务。随着活体实验室在解决农业可持续性挑战方面越来越受欢迎，了解活体实验室在农业领域支持创新的潜力是至关重要的。然而，现有的知识是分散的，关于他们的途径、方法和结果仍然存在不确定性。为了解决这一差距，本研究概述了农业相关背景下关于活实验室的现有文献的系统审查方案。这将通过关注生活实验室对农业可持续性和创新的贡献、它们的有效性以及发展和实施战略的问题来完成。此外，它将确定需要进一步研究和发展的领域，以促进我们对这些倡议的理解。方法本研究将按照系统证据综合报告标准(ROSES)审查方案进行。我们将搜索数据库，包括Scopus, Web of Science(核心馆藏)和Google Scholar，将仅限于英文标题，摘要和关键词，以排除无关文献。每个选定研究使用的方法的质量将使用关键评估技能程序，定性研究检查表进行评估。编码和数据提取将包括例如书目信息、测试的农业实践类型、主导框架(例如开放式创新、用户创新和参与式设计)、生活实验室在农业中的贡献、利益相关者角色等。我们将使用专题分析来综合我们的研究结果。我们将比较描述性和叙述性子组，以考虑到与环境、结果和局限性相关的生活实验室概念的差异。本综述的结果将为利用活实验室方法进行以用户为中心的农业创新提供信息基础。研究人员和从业人员在共同设计等领域工作，包括用户参与、协作和知识交流，也可能从这些发现中受益。
{"title":"Protocol for a systematic review of living labs in agricultural-related systems","authors":"Maryam Yousefi, Frank Ewert","doi":"10.1186/s42055-023-00060-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-023-00060-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Living labs are innovative platforms that bring together stakeholders (academic and non-academic actors from diverse disciplines), to collaboratively co-create, develop and test new technologies, products, services in real-life environments. As living labs become increasingly popular in addressing sustainability challenges in agriculture, it is essential to understand the potential of living labs to support innovation in the agricultural context. However, the existing knowledge is dispersed, and uncertainties remained regarding their approaches, methods, and outcomes. To address this gap, this study outlines a systematic review protocol of the existing literature on living labs in agricultural-related contexts. This will be done through questions focusing on the contributions of living labs to agricultural sustainability and innovation, their effectiveness, and strategies for development and implementation. Additionally, it will identify areas that require further research and development to advance our understanding of these initiatives. Method This study will be conducted according to the RepOrting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES) review protocol. We will search databases, including Scopus, Web of Science (core collection) and Google Scholar, which will be limited to titles, abstracts, and keywords in English to eliminate irrelevant literature. The quality of the method used for each selected study will be evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program, Qualitative Research Checklist. Coding and data extraction will include for example bibliographic information, types of agricultural practices tested, dominant framework (e.g. open innovation, user innovation, and participatory design), the contribution of living lab in agriculture, stakeholder roles, etc. We will use thematic analysis to synthesise our findings. We will compare descriptive and narrative sub-groups to take into account differences in living lab concepts in relation to the context, outcomes, and limitations. Conclusions The results of this review will provide a foundation for informing user-centred innovations in agriculture using living lab methodology. Researchers and practitioners working in areas such as co-design which incorporate user involvement, collaboration, and knowledge exchange, may also benefit from these findings.","PeriodicalId":498263,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Earth Reviews","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135895074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.1186/s42055-023-00057-4
Hilmi S. Salem, Musa Yahaya Pudza, Yohannes Yihdego
Abstract The aim of this research is to investigate various issues related to oil consumption and environmental impacts in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, in relation to population, climate change impacts, United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN’s SDGs), and ecological and carbon footprints. The GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) are almost entirely dependent on fossil energy sources (oil and natural gas) domestically, industrially, commercially, economically, and transportation-wise. Although the total population of the GCC countries is around 60 million, making up only 0.76% of the world’s population (8 billion), they do consume 5.15 million barrels per day (bbl/d) of oil, forming nearly 5.8% of the world’s daily consumption, which is around 88.4 million bbl/d as of 2021. Moreover, daily per capita consumption of oil in the GCC countries is about 0.09 barrels, while it is about 0.06 barrels in the USA. These figures indicate that the GCC’s countries combined and per capita, although not industrialized and small in population, consume large quantities of oil, compared to other countries of the world that are industrialized and/or densely populated, such as the USA, India, Japan, Russia, and Germany. The high rates of oil consumption in the GCC countries, associated with the highest per capita ecological and carbon footprints worldwide, have led to negative impacts on the environment, climate, and public health. The results of this work show that some of the GCC countries have the highest per capita ecological and carbon footprints. Thus, the GCC countries should effectively reduce their dependence on fossil energy sources and gradually replace them with renewable energy sources, especially photovoltaic (PV) solar energy. Furthermore, the statistics presented in this article and the outcomes reached uncover that the GCC countries lag behind with regard to various indicators of the UN’s SDGs. This implies the GCC countries are not taking adequate actions to encounter environmental problems, in order to fulfill some of the UN’s SDGs by 2030.
{"title":"Harnessing the energy transition from total dependence on fossil to renewable energy in the Arabian Gulf region, considering population, climate change impacts, ecological and carbon footprints, and United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals","authors":"Hilmi S. Salem, Musa Yahaya Pudza, Yohannes Yihdego","doi":"10.1186/s42055-023-00057-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42055-023-00057-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this research is to investigate various issues related to oil consumption and environmental impacts in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, in relation to population, climate change impacts, United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN’s SDGs), and ecological and carbon footprints. The GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates) are almost entirely dependent on fossil energy sources (oil and natural gas) domestically, industrially, commercially, economically, and transportation-wise. Although the total population of the GCC countries is around 60 million, making up only 0.76% of the world’s population (8 billion), they do consume 5.15 million barrels per day (bbl/d) of oil, forming nearly 5.8% of the world’s daily consumption, which is around 88.4 million bbl/d as of 2021. Moreover, daily per capita consumption of oil in the GCC countries is about 0.09 barrels, while it is about 0.06 barrels in the USA. These figures indicate that the GCC’s countries combined and per capita, although not industrialized and small in population, consume large quantities of oil, compared to other countries of the world that are industrialized and/or densely populated, such as the USA, India, Japan, Russia, and Germany. The high rates of oil consumption in the GCC countries, associated with the highest per capita ecological and carbon footprints worldwide, have led to negative impacts on the environment, climate, and public health. The results of this work show that some of the GCC countries have the highest per capita ecological and carbon footprints. Thus, the GCC countries should effectively reduce their dependence on fossil energy sources and gradually replace them with renewable energy sources, especially photovoltaic (PV) solar energy. Furthermore, the statistics presented in this article and the outcomes reached uncover that the GCC countries lag behind with regard to various indicators of the UN’s SDGs. This implies the GCC countries are not taking adequate actions to encounter environmental problems, in order to fulfill some of the UN’s SDGs by 2030.","PeriodicalId":498263,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Earth Reviews","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134989472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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