Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04356-9
N. Dikić, M. Andjelkovic, Ivan Nikolić, Tamara Stojmenovic, Ivana Nedeljkovic, Danny Kazandijan
{"title":"The use of medication and supplements during the international rugby league World Cup 2021","authors":"N. Dikić, M. Andjelkovic, Ivan Nikolić, Tamara Stojmenovic, Ivana Nedeljkovic, Danny Kazandijan","doi":"10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04356-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04356-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49832,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Dello Sport","volume":"43 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139014167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04249-7
Hak K. Kim, Yeon S. Kim, Soungyob Rhi, Dongheon Kang
{"title":"Confronto tra diversi regimi di esercizio sugli indicatori di salute mentale durante la pandemia di COVID-19","authors":"Hak K. Kim, Yeon S. Kim, Soungyob Rhi, Dongheon Kang","doi":"10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04249-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04249-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":49832,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Dello Sport","volume":"244 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139021347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04353-3
Sabrina DEMARIE, Flavia GUIDOTTI, Carlo MINGANTI, Andrea PASSERINI, Giovanni NAGNI
BACKGROUND: The link between asymmetries and swimming performance has been highlighted. Propulsion asymmetries may also increase injury rates. Aim of the present study was to assess upper limb asymmetries in the front crawl stroke of elite and youth competitive male and female swimmers.METHODS: Participants were 20 competitive swimmers (10 male and 10 female) of elite (G1) and youth categories (G2). The tests consisted of three 25.m freestyle trials at maximum speed with no lateral breathing. Two trials were completed with one arm only, the third one with both arms. Speed, stroke frequency, length and duration of the strokes were evaluated using video footage. Acceleration was recorded by an inertial sensor placed on the head.RESULTS: Stroke length was statistically greater and the stroke frequency lower in G1 than G2. Stroke length resulted statistically shorter in female swimmers. G1 speed resulted statistically higher and the number of strokes lower than G2. Males speed was statistically higher and the number of strokes lower than females. Speed in swimming with the dominant limb was statistically higher then with the non-dominant limb for all subjects. Accelerations measured through the inertial sensor resulted non statistically different between G1 and G2, dominant and non-dominant limb, or males and females.CONCLUSIONS: The detection of significantly different propulsions between the dominant and the non-dominant limb could indicate that the analysis of the swimming technique should take into a greater account the analysis of the symmetry of the stroke to improve both performance and well-being of the athletes.
{"title":"Tecnica e coordinazione della bracciata a stile libero nel nuoto","authors":"Sabrina DEMARIE, Flavia GUIDOTTI, Carlo MINGANTI, Andrea PASSERINI, Giovanni NAGNI","doi":"10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04353-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04353-3","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The link between asymmetries and swimming performance has been highlighted. Propulsion asymmetries may also increase injury rates. Aim of the present study was to assess upper limb asymmetries in the front crawl stroke of elite and youth competitive male and female swimmers.METHODS: Participants were 20 competitive swimmers (10 male and 10 female) of elite (G1) and youth categories (G2). The tests consisted of three 25.m freestyle trials at maximum speed with no lateral breathing. Two trials were completed with one arm only, the third one with both arms. Speed, stroke frequency, length and duration of the strokes were evaluated using video footage. Acceleration was recorded by an inertial sensor placed on the head.RESULTS: Stroke length was statistically greater and the stroke frequency lower in G1 than G2. Stroke length resulted statistically shorter in female swimmers. G1 speed resulted statistically higher and the number of strokes lower than G2. Males speed was statistically higher and the number of strokes lower than females. Speed in swimming with the dominant limb was statistically higher then with the non-dominant limb for all subjects. Accelerations measured through the inertial sensor resulted non statistically different between G1 and G2, dominant and non-dominant limb, or males and females.CONCLUSIONS: The detection of significantly different propulsions between the dominant and the non-dominant limb could indicate that the analysis of the swimming technique should take into a greater account the analysis of the symmetry of the stroke to improve both performance and well-being of the athletes.","PeriodicalId":49832,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Dello Sport","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136129898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04330-2
Fabrizio SOLLAZZO, Lorenzo MORRA, Andrea ZANOTTO, Riccardo MONTI, Massimiliano BIANCO, Gloria MODICA, Vincenzo M. PENZA, Omer SKITTEL, Paolo ZEPPILLI, Vincenzo PALMIERI
BACKGROUND: Sars-CoV-2 infection may lead to clinical manifestation, occasionally related to changes in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). One of the most widely used methods to assess the ANS and the sympatho-vagal balance in the clinical setting is heart rate variability (HRV). In athletes, it is useful for diagnosing impairments in performance, in recovery after acute exertion and/or a state of chronic overtraining. The aim of the study was to test for changes in HRV a population of athletes with recent Sars-CoV-2 infection and no evidence of long-COVID syndrome.METHODS: A retrospective cohort of competitive athletes who had undergone a 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring (Holter) prior to Sars-CoV-2 infection, on indication for competitive sport clearance (usually arrhythmias), and who repeated HOLTER after infection. No one showed signs of cardiovascular pathology or clinical evidence of Long-COVID. HOLTER registration was performed within 60 days after COVID-test positivity (swab). The main HRV parameters were collected and analyzed (in both time and frequency domain), over the 24 hours and over 5-minute intervals of relevance: during night rest (2 hours before awakening), during a standardized training session and after the start of recovery (after training).RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 21 competitive athletes (age 19.1±8.3, M:F 3:1); 8 (38.1%) with asymptomatic COVID course and 13 (61.9%) paucisymptomatic. In both the time and frequency domains, there were no statistically significant differences between the various HRV parameters measured before and after infection, either in the total cohort or in the subgroups (paucisymptomatic/asymptomatic). Furthermore, no difference in the main HRV parameters related to vagal hypertone was identified.CONCLUSIONS: HRV did not appear to be impaired in athletes after an asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Young athletes without long-COVID symptoms did not manifest nor an altered sympatho-vagal balance neither a predominant vagal tone after infection.
{"title":"Gli effetti dell'infezione da SARS-CoV-2 sulla variabilità della frequenza cardiaca negli atleti","authors":"Fabrizio SOLLAZZO, Lorenzo MORRA, Andrea ZANOTTO, Riccardo MONTI, Massimiliano BIANCO, Gloria MODICA, Vincenzo M. PENZA, Omer SKITTEL, Paolo ZEPPILLI, Vincenzo PALMIERI","doi":"10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04330-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04330-2","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Sars-CoV-2 infection may lead to clinical manifestation, occasionally related to changes in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). One of the most widely used methods to assess the ANS and the sympatho-vagal balance in the clinical setting is heart rate variability (HRV). In athletes, it is useful for diagnosing impairments in performance, in recovery after acute exertion and/or a state of chronic overtraining. The aim of the study was to test for changes in HRV a population of athletes with recent Sars-CoV-2 infection and no evidence of long-COVID syndrome.METHODS: A retrospective cohort of competitive athletes who had undergone a 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring (Holter) prior to Sars-CoV-2 infection, on indication for competitive sport clearance (usually arrhythmias), and who repeated HOLTER after infection. No one showed signs of cardiovascular pathology or clinical evidence of Long-COVID. HOLTER registration was performed within 60 days after COVID-test positivity (swab). The main HRV parameters were collected and analyzed (in both time and frequency domain), over the 24 hours and over 5-minute intervals of relevance: during night rest (2 hours before awakening), during a standardized training session and after the start of recovery (after training).RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 21 competitive athletes (age 19.1±8.3, M:F 3:1); 8 (38.1%) with asymptomatic COVID course and 13 (61.9%) paucisymptomatic. In both the time and frequency domains, there were no statistically significant differences between the various HRV parameters measured before and after infection, either in the total cohort or in the subgroups (paucisymptomatic/asymptomatic). Furthermore, no difference in the main HRV parameters related to vagal hypertone was identified.CONCLUSIONS: HRV did not appear to be impaired in athletes after an asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Young athletes without long-COVID symptoms did not manifest nor an altered sympatho-vagal balance neither a predominant vagal tone after infection.","PeriodicalId":49832,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Dello Sport","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136129901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04329-6
Sebastiano VASTA, Elena MANNACIO, Giuseppe MASSAZZA, Ugo RIBA, Federica FAGNANI, Chiara FOSSATI, Rocco PAPALIA, Fabio PIGOZZI, Arrigo GIOMBINI
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a very common condition affecting the knee joint and compromising patients’ quality of life because of disabling pain and progressive loss of function. In recent years a special interest has been developed in the early stage of OA, in order to identify the patients at risk of disease progression and to initiate early interventions trying to slow-down the evolution of the disease. In addition, early OA in young and former athletes represents a growing problem with about one-third of cases involving the knee joint, especially considering the rising prevalence of high-intensity sports practice among the general population. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the most up-to-date available information on diagnosing and managing early knee OA, especially in former athletes, which often show the features of an imminent OA. The definition and the classification, the risk factors, and the role of sports activities both as a predisposing factor and as a treatment have been thoroughly reported, together with the latest evidence on conservative and surgical options to manage early knee OA.
{"title":"Attività sportiva e artrosi precoce del ginocchio: revisione della letteratura su fattori di rischio, diagnosi, classificazione e trattamento","authors":"Sebastiano VASTA, Elena MANNACIO, Giuseppe MASSAZZA, Ugo RIBA, Federica FAGNANI, Chiara FOSSATI, Rocco PAPALIA, Fabio PIGOZZI, Arrigo GIOMBINI","doi":"10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04329-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04329-6","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoarthritis (OA) is a very common condition affecting the knee joint and compromising patients’ quality of life because of disabling pain and progressive loss of function. In recent years a special interest has been developed in the early stage of OA, in order to identify the patients at risk of disease progression and to initiate early interventions trying to slow-down the evolution of the disease. In addition, early OA in young and former athletes represents a growing problem with about one-third of cases involving the knee joint, especially considering the rising prevalence of high-intensity sports practice among the general population. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the most up-to-date available information on diagnosing and managing early knee OA, especially in former athletes, which often show the features of an imminent OA. The definition and the classification, the risk factors, and the role of sports activities both as a predisposing factor and as a treatment have been thoroughly reported, together with the latest evidence on conservative and surgical options to manage early knee OA.","PeriodicalId":49832,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Dello Sport","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136128665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04333-8
Mikola MISJUK
BACKGROUND: The ACL injury is a very serious injury and there are not many studies on how the muscle strength and strength asymmetry of the knee extensors and flexors affects it. The aim of the study was to analyse how maximum isokinetic strength and the strength balance of the knee extensors and flexors affect first-time, non-contact ACL injuries among male soccer players.METHODS: One hundred and six male professional soccer players participated in this study. The peak moment of the knee extensors and flexors was measured concentrically and eccentrically at an angular velocity of 60°/s before the beginning of the season. All the injuries experienced by players during the season were recorded by the medical staff of the teams. A Firth logistic regression for rare events was used to analyse how the strength parameters affected the probability of first-time, non-contact ACL injury.RESULTS: About 3.8% of players had a first-time, non-contact ACL injury during the season, and 80% of them in total suffered some sort of injury. Maximum muscle strength and strength asymmetry had no statistically significant effect on first-time, non-contact ACL injuries (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Traditional indicators for the maximum strength of the isokinetic knee extensors and flexors do not predict the probability of a non-contact ACL injury.
{"title":"Low speed isokinetic knee extensors and flexors strength of soccer players is not predicting non-contact ACL injury","authors":"Mikola MISJUK","doi":"10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04333-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04333-8","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The ACL injury is a very serious injury and there are not many studies on how the muscle strength and strength asymmetry of the knee extensors and flexors affects it. The aim of the study was to analyse how maximum isokinetic strength and the strength balance of the knee extensors and flexors affect first-time, non-contact ACL injuries among male soccer players.METHODS: One hundred and six male professional soccer players participated in this study. The peak moment of the knee extensors and flexors was measured concentrically and eccentrically at an angular velocity of 60°/s before the beginning of the season. All the injuries experienced by players during the season were recorded by the medical staff of the teams. A Firth logistic regression for rare events was used to analyse how the strength parameters affected the probability of first-time, non-contact ACL injury.RESULTS: About 3.8% of players had a first-time, non-contact ACL injury during the season, and 80% of them in total suffered some sort of injury. Maximum muscle strength and strength asymmetry had no statistically significant effect on first-time, non-contact ACL injuries (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Traditional indicators for the maximum strength of the isokinetic knee extensors and flexors do not predict the probability of a non-contact ACL injury.","PeriodicalId":49832,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Dello Sport","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136128676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04354-5
Marco A. PERRONE, Massimo PIERI, Matteo MINNUCCI, Chiara SALIMEI, Emanuela CIMINELLI, Sergio BERNARDINI, Ferdinando IELLAMO
BACKGROUND: High-sensitivity cardiac troponins I (hs-cTnI) and T (hs-cTnT) and natriuretic peptides (BNP and NT-proBNP) are universally recognized as reference cardiac biomarkers in patients with acute coronary syndromes and heart failure, respectively. Recent studies have shown that these biomarkers can be increased even in healthy competitive athletes after intense and prolonged physical exercise. However, it is not yet clear whether the increase in these cardiac-specific biomarkers should be considered a normal physiological adaptation to physical exercise or a real myocardial injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate hs-cTnI and NT-proBNP levels in healthy competitive athletes before and after a 50-km ultramarathon.METHODS: We enrolled 16 competitive male athletes with an average age of 32 years who participated in a 50-km ultramarathon race. Before the race, all athletes underwent cardiovascular tests in accordance with national regulations for competitive sports. The study protocol involved collecting blood samples 1 hour before the start of the race (T0) and 30 minutes after the end of the race.RESULTS: No athlete had any adverse cardiac events or angina or other symptoms during or after the race. At T0 hs-cTnI and NT-proBNP values were within the reference ranges in all athletes. Data analysis showed that hs-cTnI significantly increased from 4.93±1.12 ng/L (T0) to 28.75±11.45 ng/L after the race (T1) (P<0.001). Among these athletes, 5 (31.25%) had hs-cTnI values above the 99th percentile URL of 34 ng/L. On the other hand, NT-proBNP also significantly increased from 26.81±8.77 ng/L (T0) to 98.5±38.87 ng/L after the race (T1) (P>0.001). Among these athletes, 4 (25%) had NT-proBNP values above the 99th percentile URL of 125 ng/L.CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrated a significant increase in both cardio-specific biomarkers, sometimes with values beyond URL, after a 50-km ultramarathon race in competitive athletes with previous normal cardiac examinations.
{"title":"Increase of high sensitivity cardiac troponin I and NT-proBNP in competitive athletes after a 50-km ultramarathon race: physiological adaptation or myocardial injury?","authors":"Marco A. PERRONE, Massimo PIERI, Matteo MINNUCCI, Chiara SALIMEI, Emanuela CIMINELLI, Sergio BERNARDINI, Ferdinando IELLAMO","doi":"10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04354-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04354-5","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: High-sensitivity cardiac troponins I (hs-cTnI) and T (hs-cTnT) and natriuretic peptides (BNP and NT-proBNP) are universally recognized as reference cardiac biomarkers in patients with acute coronary syndromes and heart failure, respectively. Recent studies have shown that these biomarkers can be increased even in healthy competitive athletes after intense and prolonged physical exercise. However, it is not yet clear whether the increase in these cardiac-specific biomarkers should be considered a normal physiological adaptation to physical exercise or a real myocardial injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate hs-cTnI and NT-proBNP levels in healthy competitive athletes before and after a 50-km ultramarathon.METHODS: We enrolled 16 competitive male athletes with an average age of 32 years who participated in a 50-km ultramarathon race. Before the race, all athletes underwent cardiovascular tests in accordance with national regulations for competitive sports. The study protocol involved collecting blood samples 1 hour before the start of the race (T0) and 30 minutes after the end of the race.RESULTS: No athlete had any adverse cardiac events or angina or other symptoms during or after the race. At T0 hs-cTnI and NT-proBNP values were within the reference ranges in all athletes. Data analysis showed that hs-cTnI significantly increased from 4.93±1.12 ng/L (T0) to 28.75±11.45 ng/L after the race (T1) (P<0.001). Among these athletes, 5 (31.25%) had hs-cTnI values above the 99th percentile URL of 34 ng/L. On the other hand, NT-proBNP also significantly increased from 26.81±8.77 ng/L (T0) to 98.5±38.87 ng/L after the race (T1) (P>0.001). Among these athletes, 4 (25%) had NT-proBNP values above the 99th percentile URL of 125 ng/L.CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrated a significant increase in both cardio-specific biomarkers, sometimes with values beyond URL, after a 50-km ultramarathon race in competitive athletes with previous normal cardiac examinations.","PeriodicalId":49832,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Dello Sport","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136128667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04247-3
Stefano PALERMI, Marco VECCHIATO, Alessandro SPINELLI, Carlo M. GALLINORO, Giada ANNARUMMA, Ada DI GREGORIO, Francesco NUCCIO, Mariano DI SALVATORE, Andrea COZZOLINO, Manuel TUZI, Felice SIRICO
BACKGROUND: Football refereeing requires physical and tactical skills that imply risks of injuries. The Fédération International de Football Association (FIFA) 11+ Referees Injury Prevention Program (FIFA11+ for Referees) is a complete warm-up package based on the specific injury profile of referees and on the “FIFA11+” injury prevention program for players. It consists of three parts: part 1 - running part; part 2 - plyometric and balance exercises; part 3 - high-speed and change-of-direction running. This study aimed to investigate if different components of the FIFA11+ for Referees program separately could positively affect the acute athletic performance of referees.METHODS: Twenty-nine young male referees were randomly assigned to control group (N.=10), FIFA 1-2-3 group (N.=10), and FIFA 1-3 group (N.=9). Participants underwent anthropometric assessment and fitness tests before and after the intervention: single long jump (SLJ), five long jumps (5LJ), Illinois Agility Test (IA), and handgrip test (HGS). The Borg Scale of perceived exertion was used to monitor referee fatigue during the tests.RESULTS: Subjects in FIFA 1-3 gained better results in SLJ and 5LJ tests compared to the control group and subjects in the FIFA 1-2-3 group. Regarding agility skills, subjects in the FIFA1-3 group completed the IA in a lesser time than the other groups. There is a decrease in the HGS test for the FIFA 1-2-3 group compared to the FIFA1-3 group. The Borg scale showed that subjects in the FIFA 1-3 group experienced lesser fatigue compared to the other groups.CONCLUSIONS: The FIFA11+ for Referees program, especially the combination of parts 1 and 3, can be a suitable pre-match warm-up training. It is easy to perform, short, and can lead to significant performance gains in the short term.
{"title":"Effectiveness of the FIFA11+ Referees Injury Prevention Program in improving athletic performance in male professional soccer referees","authors":"Stefano PALERMI, Marco VECCHIATO, Alessandro SPINELLI, Carlo M. GALLINORO, Giada ANNARUMMA, Ada DI GREGORIO, Francesco NUCCIO, Mariano DI SALVATORE, Andrea COZZOLINO, Manuel TUZI, Felice SIRICO","doi":"10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04247-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04247-3","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Football refereeing requires physical and tactical skills that imply risks of injuries. The Fédération International de Football Association (FIFA) 11+ Referees Injury Prevention Program (FIFA11+ for Referees) is a complete warm-up package based on the specific injury profile of referees and on the “FIFA11+” injury prevention program for players. It consists of three parts: part 1 - running part; part 2 - plyometric and balance exercises; part 3 - high-speed and change-of-direction running. This study aimed to investigate if different components of the FIFA11+ for Referees program separately could positively affect the acute athletic performance of referees.METHODS: Twenty-nine young male referees were randomly assigned to control group (N.=10), FIFA 1-2-3 group (N.=10), and FIFA 1-3 group (N.=9). Participants underwent anthropometric assessment and fitness tests before and after the intervention: single long jump (SLJ), five long jumps (5LJ), Illinois Agility Test (IA), and handgrip test (HGS). The Borg Scale of perceived exertion was used to monitor referee fatigue during the tests.RESULTS: Subjects in FIFA 1-3 gained better results in SLJ and 5LJ tests compared to the control group and subjects in the FIFA 1-2-3 group. Regarding agility skills, subjects in the FIFA1-3 group completed the IA in a lesser time than the other groups. There is a decrease in the HGS test for the FIFA 1-2-3 group compared to the FIFA1-3 group. The Borg scale showed that subjects in the FIFA 1-3 group experienced lesser fatigue compared to the other groups.CONCLUSIONS: The FIFA11+ for Referees program, especially the combination of parts 1 and 3, can be a suitable pre-match warm-up training. It is easy to perform, short, and can lead to significant performance gains in the short term.","PeriodicalId":49832,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Dello Sport","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136129897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04334-x
Nitesh VERMA, Vandana ESHT, Pooja MEHRA, Mohammed M. ALSHEHRI, Faizan Z. KASHOO, Abdur R. KHAN, Mohammad A. SHAPHE, Masood KHAN, Ahmad H. ALGHADIR
BACKGROUND: Wrist range of motion (ROM) is used to objectively evaluate treatment outcomes for wrist interventions . Wrist kinetics and kinematics are critical for diagnosing and treating traumatic or degenerative abnormalities in the wrist joint. In field hockey, wrist motions are crucial for selecting excellent shots like hockey wrist shots, snap shots, slap shots
{"title":"Normative values of the range of motion of movements at the wrist joint for hockey players: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Nitesh VERMA, Vandana ESHT, Pooja MEHRA, Mohammed M. ALSHEHRI, Faizan Z. KASHOO, Abdur R. KHAN, Mohammad A. SHAPHE, Masood KHAN, Ahmad H. ALGHADIR","doi":"10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04334-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04334-x","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Wrist range of motion (ROM) is used to objectively evaluate treatment outcomes for wrist interventions . Wrist kinetics and kinematics are critical for diagnosing and treating traumatic or degenerative abnormalities in the wrist joint. In field hockey, wrist motions are crucial for selecting excellent shots like hockey wrist shots, snap shots, slap shots","PeriodicalId":49832,"journal":{"name":"Medicina Dello Sport","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136152379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.23736/s0025-7826.23.04267-9
Li CHEN, Nan GU, Yao SHANG, Ming-Jia WENG, Qi-Peng WANG
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