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Consistent disjunctive sequent calculi and Scott domains 一致析取序微积分与Scott域
IF 0.5 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1017/S0960129521000086
Longchun Wang, Qingguo Li
Abstract Based on the framework of disjunctive propositional logic, we first provide a syntactic representation for Scott domains. Precisely, we establish a category of consistent disjunctive sequent calculi with consequence relations, and show it is equivalent to that of Scott domains with Scott-continuous functions. Furthermore, we illustrate the approach to solving recursive domain equations by introducing some standard domain constructions, such as lifting and sums. The subsystems relation on consistent finitary disjunctive sequent calculi makes these domain constructions continuous. Solutions to recursive domain equations are given by constructing the least fixed point of a continuous function.
摘要基于析取命题逻辑的框架,首先给出了Scott域的句法表示。准确地说,我们建立了一类具有结果关系的相容析取序微积分,并证明了它等价于具有Scott-连续函数的Scott定义域。此外,我们通过引入一些标准的域构造,如提升和来说明解递归域方程的方法。相容有限析取序演算上的子系统关系使得这些域构造连续。通过构造连续函数的最小不动点,给出了递归域方程的解。
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引用次数: 0
An improved primal-dual approximation algorithm for the k-means problem with penalties 带有惩罚的k-means问题的改进原对偶逼近算法
IF 0.5 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2021-08-16 DOI: 10.1017/S0960129521000104
Chunying Ren, Dachuan Xu, D. Du, Min Li
Abstract In the k-means problem with penalties, we are given a data set $${cal D} subseteq mathbb{R}^ell $$ of n points where each point $$j in {cal D}$$ is associated with a penalty cost pj and an integer k. The goal is to choose a set $${rm{C}}S subseteq {{cal R}^ell }$$ with |CS| ≤ k and a penalized subset $${{cal D}_p} subseteq {cal D}$$ to minimize the sum of the total squared distance from the points in D / Dp to CS and the total penalty cost of points in Dp, namely $$sumnolimits_{j in {cal D}backslash {{cal D}_p}} {d^2}(j,{rm{C}}S) + sumnolimits_{j in {{cal D}_p}} {p_j}$$. We employ the primal-dual technique to give a pseudo-polynomial time algorithm with an approximation ratio of (6.357+ε) for the k-means problem with penalties, improving the previous best approximation ratio 19.849+∊ for this problem given by Feng et al. in Proceedings of FAW (2019).
在带有惩罚的k-means问题中,我们给定一个包含n个点的数据集$${cal D} subseteq mathbb{R}^ell $$,其中每个点$$j in {cal D}$$与一个惩罚代价pj和一个整数k相关联。我们的目标是选择一个集$${rm{C}}S subseteq {{cal R}^ell }$$,其中|CS|≤k和一个惩罚子集$${{cal D}_p} subseteq {cal D}$$,以最小化D / Dp中点到CS的总平方距离和Dp中点的总惩罚代价$$sumnolimits_{j in {cal D}backslash {{cal D}_p}} {d^2}(j,{rm{C}}S) + sumnolimits_{j in {{cal D}_p}} {p_j}$$。我们采用原始对偶技术,对带有惩罚的k-means问题给出了近似比为(6.357+ε)的伪多项式时间算法,改进了之前由Feng等人在《中国汽车工程学报》(2019)中给出的该问题的最佳近似比为19.849+。
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引用次数: 0
Coherence for bicategorical cartesian closed structure 双范畴笛卡尔闭结构的相干性
IF 0.5 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0960129521000281
M. Fiore, P. Saville
Abstract We prove a strictification theorem for cartesian closed bicategories. First, we adapt Power’s proof of coherence for bicategories with finite bilimits to show that every bicategory with bicategorical cartesian closed structure is biequivalent to a 2-category with 2-categorical cartesian closed structure. Then we show how to extend this result to a Mac Lane-style “all pasting diagrams commute” coherence theorem: precisely, we show that in the free cartesian closed bicategory on a graph, there is at most one 2-cell between any parallel pair of 1-cells. The argument we employ is reminiscent of that used by Čubrić, Dybjer, and Scott to show normalisation for the simply-typed lambda calculus (Čubrić et al., 1998). The main results first appeared in a conference paper (Fiore and Saville, 2020) but for reasons of space many details are omitted there; here we provide the full development.
摘要我们证明了笛卡尔闭双范畴的一个严格化定理。首先,我们将Power的相容性证明应用于具有有限双线性的双范畴,以表明每个具有双范畴笛卡尔闭结构的双范畴都等价于具有双范畴直角闭结构的2-范畴。然后,我们展示了如何将这个结果扩展到Mac Lane风格的“所有粘贴图通勤”一致性定理:确切地说,我们证明了在图上的自由笛卡尔闭双范畴中,任何平行的一对1-单元之间最多有一个2-单元。我们使用的论点让人想起了Čubrić、Dybjer和Scott用来展示简单类型lambda演算的归一化的论点(Čubićet al.,1998)。主要结果首次出现在一篇会议论文中(Fiore和Saville,2020),但由于篇幅原因,许多细节被省略;在这里我们提供全面的发展。
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引用次数: 2
A special issue on categorical algebras and computation in celebration of John Power’s 60th birthday, part I 为庆祝约翰·鲍尔60岁生日而出版的关于范畴代数和计算的专刊,第一部分
IF 0.5 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0960129522000056
Masahito Hasegawa, Stephen Lack, G. McCusker
John Power, recently retired and now an honorary professor at Macquarie University, turned 60 in December 2019. John hasmade substantial contributions to category theory and its applications to computer science throughout his career. To celebrate John’s achievements, and to inspire further work, two workshops were held in 2019: at Bath on 27 June 2019 (organized by Neil Ghani and Guy McCusker) to mark his retirement, and at Kyoto on 23 December 2019 (organized by Masahito Hasegawa, Ichiro Hasuo, and Makoto Takeyama) to celebrate his 60th birthday. Following the success of these workshops, this Festschrift in honor of John was proposed and a call-for-papers was circulated around April 2020. Among the submissions we received, four are included in this volume. The remaining contributions will appear in the forthcoming second volume of the Festschrift.
约翰·鲍尔最近退休,现在是麦格理大学的名誉教授,2019年12月年满60岁。约翰在其整个职业生涯中对范畴理论及其在计算机科学中的应用做出了重大贡献。为了庆祝约翰的成就,并激励他进一步的工作,2019年举办了两次研讨会:2019年6月27日在巴斯(由Neil Ghani和Guy McCusker组织)庆祝约翰的退休,2019年12月23日在京都(由长谷川正仁、长尾一郎和竹山诚组织)庆祝他的60岁生日。在这些研讨会取得成功后,有人提议举办这场纪念约翰的Festschrift活动,并于2020年4月左右发出了征集论文的呼吁。在我们收到的意见书中,本卷包括四份。剩余的贡献将出现在即将出版的Festschrift第二卷中。
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引用次数: 0
Doctrines, modalities and comonads 学说、模式和共性
IF 0.5 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2021-07-29 DOI: 10.1017/S0960129521000207
Francesco Dagnino, G. Rosolini
Abstract Doctrines are categorical structures very apt to study logics of different nature within a unified environment: the 2-category Dtn of doctrines. Modal interior operators are characterised as particular adjoints in the 2-category Dtn. We show that they can be constructed from comonads in Dtn as well as from adjunctions in it, and we compare the two constructions. Finally we show the amount of information lost in the passage from a comonad, or from an adjunction, to the modal interior operator. The basis for the present work is provided by some seminal work of John Power.
抽象教义是一种范畴结构,非常适合在统一的环境中研究不同性质的逻辑:教义的两类Dtn。模态内部算子被描述为2类Dtn中的特定邻接。我们证明了它们可以由Dtn中的共聚单体和其中的附加基构建,并对这两种构建进行了比较。最后,我们展示了从一个comonad或从一个附加到模态内部算子的过程中丢失的信息量。约翰·鲍尔的一些开创性工作为本工作提供了基础。
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引用次数: 7
A rewriting coherence theorem with applications in homotopy type theory 一个改写相干定理及其在同伦型理论中的应用
IF 0.5 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2021-07-04 DOI: 10.1017/S0960129523000026
Nicolai Kraus, Jakob von Raumer
Abstract Higher-dimensional rewriting systems are tools to analyse the structure of formally reducing terms to normal forms, as well as comparing the different reduction paths that lead to those normal forms. This higher structure can be captured by finding a homotopy basis for the rewriting system. We show that the basic notions of confluence and wellfoundedness are sufficient to recursively build such a homotopy basis, with a construction reminiscent of an argument by Craig C. Squier. We then go on to translate this construction to the setting of homotopy type theory, where managing equalities between paths is important in order to construct functions which are coherent with respect to higher dimensions. Eventually, we apply the result to approximate a series of open questions in homotopy type theory, such as the characterisation of the homotopy groups of the free group on a set and the pushout of 1-types. This paper expands on our previous conference contribution Coherence via Wellfoundedness by laying out the construction in the language of higher-dimensional rewriting.
高维重写系统是一种工具,用于分析形式约简为标准形式的术语结构,以及比较导致这些标准形式的不同约简路径。这种更高的结构可以通过寻找重写系统的同伦基来捕获。我们证明了合流和良基础的基本概念足以递归地构建这样一个同伦基,其构造让人想起Craig C. Squier的一个论证。然后,我们继续将这种构造转化为同伦类型理论的设置,在同伦类型理论中,处理路径之间的等式对于构造相对于高维的相干函数是重要的。最后,我们将结果应用于同伦型理论中的一系列开放问题的近似,如集合上自由群的同伦群的刻画和1型的推出。本文通过在高维重写的语言中布局结构,扩展了我们之前的会议贡献Coherence via wellfounddedness。
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引用次数: 2
Martin Hofmann’s contributions to type theory: Groupoids and univalence 马丁·霍夫曼对类型理论的贡献:类群和一元性
IF 0.5 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2021-06-28 DOI: 10.1017/S0960129520000316
Thorsten Altenkirch
Abstract My goal is to give an accessible introduction to Martin’s work on the groupoid model and how it is related to the recent notion of univalence in Homotopy Type Theory while sharing some memories of Martin.
摘要我的目标是简单介绍Martin关于群像模型的工作,以及它如何与最近在同调类型理论中的单价概念相联系,同时分享对Martin的一些记忆。
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引用次数: 1
Apartness, sharp elements, and the Scott topology of domains 空间性、尖锐元素和域的Scott拓扑
IF 0.5 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.1017/S0960129523000282
Tom de Jong
Working constructively, we study continuous directed complete posets (dcpos) and the Scott topology. Our two primary novelties are a notion of intrinsic apartness and a notion of sharp elements. Being apart is a positive formulation of being unequal, similar to how inhabitedness is a positive formulation of nonemptiness. To exemplify sharpness, we note that a lower real is sharp if and only if it is located. Our first main result is that for a large class of continuous dcpos, the Bridges–Vîţǎ apartness topology and the Scott topology coincide. Although we cannot expect a tight or cotransitive apartness on nontrivial dcpos, we prove that the intrinsic apartness is both tight and cotransitive when restricted to the sharp elements of a continuous dcpo. These include the strongly maximal elements, as studied by Smyth and Heckmann. We develop the theory of strongly maximal elements highlighting its connection to sharpness and the Lawson topology. Finally, we illustrate the intrinsic apartness, sharpness, and strong maximality by considering several natural examples of continuous dcpos: the Cantor and Baire domains, the partial Dedekind reals, the lower reals and, finally, an embedding of Cantor space into an exponential of lifted sets.
通过建设性的工作,我们研究了连续有向完全偏序集(dcpos)和Scott拓扑。我们的两个主要新颖之处是内在伙伴关系的概念和尖锐元素的概念。分开是不平等的积极表述,就像居住是不空虚的积极表述一样。为了举例说明锐度,我们注意到下实数是锐度的,当且仅当它被定位时。我们的第一个主要结果是,对于一大类连续dcpos,Bridges-Vîţлapartness拓扑和Scott拓扑重合。尽管我们不能期望非平凡dcpos上的紧密或共传递伙伴关系,但我们证明了当限制于连续dcpo的尖锐元素时,内在伙伴关系是紧密和共传递的。其中包括Smyth和Heckmann研究的强极大元。我们发展了强极大元理论,强调了它与锐度和劳森拓扑的联系。最后,我们通过考虑连续dcpos的几个自然例子来说明其内在的伙伴性、尖锐性和强最大性:Cantor和Baire域、部分Dedekind-reals、较低reals,最后,将Cantor空间嵌入到提升集的指数中。
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引用次数: 1
String diagram rewrite theory II: Rewriting with symmetric monoidal structure 弦图改写理论II:对称单轴结构的改写
IF 0.5 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2021-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/S0960129522000317
F. Bonchi, F. Gadducci, A. Kissinger, P. Sobocinski, F. Zanasi
Abstract Symmetric monoidal theories (SMTs) generalise algebraic theories in a way that make them suitable to express resource-sensitive systems, in which variables cannot be copied or discarded at will. In SMTs, traditional tree-like terms are replaced by string diagrams, topological entities that can be intuitively thought of as diagrams of wires and boxes. Recently, string diagrams have become increasingly popular as a graphical syntax to reason about computational models across diverse fields, including programming language semantics, circuit theory, quantum mechanics, linguistics, and control theory. In applications, it is often convenient to implement the equations appearing in SMTs as rewriting rules. This poses the challenge of extending the traditional theory of term rewriting, which has been developed for algebraic theories, to string diagrams. In this paper, we develop a mathematical theory of string diagram rewriting for SMTs. Our approach exploits the correspondence between string diagram rewriting and double pushout (DPO) rewriting of certain graphs, introduced in the first paper of this series. Such a correspondence is only sound when the SMT includes a Frobenius algebra structure. In the present work, we show how an analogous correspondence may be established for arbitrary SMTs, once an appropriate notion of DPO rewriting (which we call convex) is identified. As proof of concept, we use our approach to show termination of two SMTs of interest: Frobenius semi-algebras and bialgebras.
抽象对称单调理论(SMTs)以一种适合于表达资源敏感系统的方式推广代数理论,其中变量不能随意复制或丢弃。在SMT中,传统的树状术语被字符串图取代,字符串图是一种拓扑实体,可以直观地认为是导线和盒子的图。最近,字符串图作为一种图形语法在不同领域(包括编程语言语义、电路理论、量子力学、语言学和控制理论)对计算模型进行推理变得越来越流行。在应用中,将出现在SMT中的方程作为重写规则来实现通常是方便的。这就提出了将为代数理论发展起来的传统术语重写理论扩展到弦图的挑战。在本文中,我们发展了一个SMT字符串图重写的数学理论。我们的方法利用了本系列第一篇文章中介绍的某些图的字符串图重写和双推出(DPO)重写之间的对应关系。只有当SMT包括Frobenius代数结构时,这种对应关系才是健全的。在目前的工作中,我们展示了一旦确定了适当的DPO重写概念(我们称之为凸),如何为任意SMT建立类似的对应关系。作为概念的证明,我们使用我们的方法来展示两个感兴趣的SMT的终止:Frobenius半代数和双代数。
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引用次数: 18
On reduction and normalization in the computational core 计算核中的约简与归一化
IF 0.5 4区 计算机科学 Q4 COMPUTER SCIENCE, THEORY & METHODS Pub Date : 2021-04-20 DOI: 10.1017/S0960129522000433
C. Faggian, Giulio Guerrieri, U. De 'liguoro, R. Treglia
Abstract We study the reduction in a $lambda$ -calculus derived from Moggi’s computational one, which we call the computational core. The reduction relation consists of rules obtained by orienting three monadic laws. Such laws, in particular associativity and identity, introduce intricacies in the operational analysis. We investigate the central notions of returning a value versus having a normal form and address the question of normalizing strategies. Our analysis relies on factorization results.
摘要我们研究了从Moggi的计算演算(我们称之为计算核心)导出的$lambda$演算中的归约。归约关系由对三个一元定律进行定向得到的规则组成。这些定律,特别是关联性和同一性,在操作分析中引入了复杂性。我们研究了返回值与具有正规形式的核心概念,并解决了正规化策略的问题。我们的分析依赖于因子分解结果。
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引用次数: 7
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Mathematical Structures in Computer Science
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