Kardiochirurgia I Torakochirurgia Polska最新文献

Acute pulmonary embolism is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Patients in life-threatening conditions require timely and effective interventions to improve pulmonary perfusion. The indications for surgical embolectomy in the thrombolysis era have been limited. This article discusses surgical techniques and outlines the position of surgical embolectomy concerning other treatment modalities.

Introduction: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive method of regional tissue oxygenation measurement. Intraoperative use of NIRS to monitor brain oxygenation (BO) during surgery might be beneficial to identify cerebral desaturations.

Aim: To compare peripheral blood saturation (SpO₂) with BO measurements and evaluate the utility of BO in thoracic surgery.

Material and methods: We took BO and SpO₂ measurements in a group of 100 patients undergoing standard thoracic surgery. Measurements were made every 15 minutes. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare study groups. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to determine correlation between studied parameters.

Results: We found a negative correlation between patients' age and BO at the beginning of surgery. Operations lasted between 30 and 200 minutes. We found a positive correlation between BO and SpO₂ between 15 and 90 minutes of surgery. Subsequently, BO remained at a low level while SpO₂ returned to baseline values. Higher minimum SpO₂ values were noted in patients undergoing left-sided procedures.

Conclusions: Cerebral oxygenation does not return to baseline values until the end of the surgery as opposed to the SpO₂. Furthermore, both SpO₂ and BO correlate negatively with the overall duration of thoracic surgery. In addition, after 90 minutes of surgery, SpO₂ stopped reflecting brain oxygenation.

Introduction: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is a common surgical procedure.

Aim: To find out how educating patients using multimedia affects their pain and anxiety before and after VATS surgery.

Material and methods: The study included 50 patients who underwent VATS between December 2017 and December 2018. The subjects were divided into two groups: the multimedia information group (MIG) and the control group (n = 25). The subjects underwent STAI-T testing, preoperative and postoperative STAI-S testing, and pulmonary function tests (PFT) before surgery and after surgery.

Results: The patients in the MIG had higher baseline anxiety levels than those in the control groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic information, surgical characteristics, or vital signs. There was a statistically significant difference in the preoperative (p = 0.001) and the postoperative (p = 0.0001) pain scores between MIG and control groups. The postoperative STAI-S scores of MIG increased, but this increase was not significant. In both groups, there was no significant difference in the changes in systolic blood pressure (p = 0.656) or respiratory rate (p = 0.05). There was no difference between post-training and pre- and post-operative pain scores in both groups.

Conclusions: Providing multimedia information before surgery has some effect on pain. However, providing multimedia information does not reduce postoperative anxiety.

Introduction: The effect of bone wax on sternal infection and intraoperative bleeding in off-pump coronary surgery has not been reported in current literature.

Aim: To prospectively evalute this in a cohort of high risk patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery surgery at our institution. The potential impact on cell saver utilization was also studied.

Material and methods: A prospective randomized study was performed in 58 diabetic patients operated on for two-vessel coronary artery disease by the off-pump technique. They were randomly assigned to the wax or no-wax group.

Results: There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between the wax (550 ml) and no-wax group (750 ml; p = 0.0711). In multivariate analysis the absence (non-use) of bone wax (odds ratio = 3.9 (1.12-13.51), p = 0.027) and preoperative creatinin level (odds ratio = 1.1 (0.99-1.03), p = 0.03) were identified as independent predictors of blood loss ≥ 750 ml. The number of red blood cell units during hospital stay was similar in both groups (p = 0.42). Wound healing complications were not observed in either group.

Conclusions: The use of bone wax does not lead to a higher risk of sternal wound infection. It may reduce the risk of high intraoperative blood loss, thus avoiding the need of a cell saver during off-pump coronary surgery. However, this influence remains questionable.

Introduction: Cerebrovascular events after cardiac surgery are among the most serious complications, related to a greater risk of patient mortality. This problem can occur following the formation of gas emboli during open heart surgery.

Aim: To address all the mechanisms that can lead to embolic events after cardiovascular surgery, how to manage them and how to possibly prevent them.

Material and methods: A search of the PubMed database was conducted. We reviewed the clinical literature and examined all aspects to identify the root causes that can lead to the formation of emboli.

Results: Among the studies reviewed, it was found that the main causes include manipulation of the aorta, inadequate deaeration after cardiac surgery, and blood-component contact of extracorporeal circulation. It has been reported that gas emboli can lead to deleterious damage such as damage to the cerebral vascular endothelium, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, complement activation, leukocyte aggregation, increased platelet adhesion, and fibrin deposition in the microvascular system.

Conclusions: Stroke after cardiovascular surgery is one of the most important complications, with a great impact on operative mortality and patient survival. Efforts have been made over time to understand all the pathophysiological mechanisms related to this complication, with the aim of reducing its incidence. One of the goals should be to improve both the surgical technique and the perfusion modality and minimize the formation of air bubbles or to facilitate their elimination during the cardiopulmonary bypass procedure.

Introduction: Mediastinal infection is a persistent and difficult widespread infectious disease caused by secondary complications of adjacent organs. It spreads easily and is often misdiagnosed because of the lack of typical manifestations.

Material and methods: To highlight the clinical features, medical and surgical strategy of descending necrotizing mediastinitis we performed a retrospective study of 25 documented cases during a 10-year period at our hospital, all treated surgically, 10 from the ORL department and 15 from our thoracic surgery department.

Results: Patients were aged from 20 to 84 years, with a median age of 41 years, male predominance (19 men and 6 women), sex ratio of 3.6. A cervicotomy (in 40% of cases) was associated or not with videothoracoscopy (one case) or thoracotomy (in 20% of cases) and wide-spectrum antibiotherapy. In the postoperative period, an irrigation-suction system was used on the drains in 15 patients. In 1 case a rethoracotomy was necessary to remove a residual right pyothorax, and one patient required a tracheostomy. Twenty-two (88%) patients recovered from their mediastinitis. Death of 3 patients by sepsis multiorgan failure occurred. Postoperative follow-up during one year was uneventful without recurrence.

Conclusions: According to our experience, we believe the more aggressive local treatment is, the better are the results.