Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.51
A. M. Whitlow, A. Cumbie, G. Eastwood
ABSTRACT: Ticks are known vectors of several viral, bacterial, and protozoal pathogens that cause disease in both humans and animals. While pathogen prevalence has been studied extensively in other portions of the United States, pathogen surveillance studies within tick populations in the central Appalachian region of Virginia is almost nonexistent. Two prominent species in this region are Ixodes scapularis (the blacklegged tick) and Amblyomma americanum (the lone star tick). In this study, we collected ticks biweekly from three habitat types (forest, urban, and pasture) across eight counties in southwest Virginia from June, 2019–November, 2020. Ixodes scapularis and A. americanum captures were screened for evidence of associated tick-borne pathogens. In this region, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (15.3% in nymphs and 37.6% in adults), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (1.9% in nymphs and 12.2% in adults), and Borrelia miyamotoi (2.97% in nymphs and 2.33% in adults) were detected in I. scapularis ticks. Aside from two previously reported Powassan-positive I. scapularis ticks from Floyd County, VA, no additional Powassan-positive ticks are reported here. No evidence of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Heartland virus (HRTV), or Bourbon virus (BRBV) was detected in collected A. americanum. Detection and confirmation of multiple emerging tick-borne pathogens in this region raises an increased concern for public health risk, calling for heightened awareness of tick-borne pathogen transmission and increased tick surveillance in understudied areas.
{"title":"Pathogen prevalence in Amblyomma americanum and Ixodes scapularis ticks from central Appalachian Virginia, U.S.A.","authors":"A. M. Whitlow, A. Cumbie, G. Eastwood","doi":"10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.51","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Ticks are known vectors of several viral, bacterial, and protozoal pathogens that cause disease in both humans and animals. While pathogen prevalence has been studied extensively in other portions of the United States, pathogen surveillance studies within tick populations in the central Appalachian region of Virginia is almost nonexistent. Two prominent species in this region are Ixodes scapularis (the blacklegged tick) and Amblyomma americanum (the lone star tick). In this study, we collected ticks biweekly from three habitat types (forest, urban, and pasture) across eight counties in southwest Virginia from June, 2019–November, 2020. Ixodes scapularis and A. americanum captures were screened for evidence of associated tick-borne pathogens. In this region, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (15.3% in nymphs and 37.6% in adults), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (1.9% in nymphs and 12.2% in adults), and Borrelia miyamotoi (2.97% in nymphs and 2.33% in adults) were detected in I. scapularis ticks. Aside from two previously reported Powassan-positive I. scapularis ticks from Floyd County, VA, no additional Powassan-positive ticks are reported here. No evidence of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Heartland virus (HRTV), or Bourbon virus (BRBV) was detected in collected A. americanum. Detection and confirmation of multiple emerging tick-borne pathogens in this region raises an increased concern for public health risk, calling for heightened awareness of tick-borne pathogen transmission and increased tick surveillance in understudied areas.","PeriodicalId":49961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Ecology","volume":"47 1","pages":"51 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45349570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.38
Skyler M. Kerr, J. Rayner, R. R. Wood, S. Schultze, J. McCreadie
ABSTRACT: The last statewide survey of hard ticks in Alabama was in 1972. To address this deficit, we examined the distribution of the medically important species across the state, Ixodes scapularis (Say), Dermacentor variabilis (Say), Amblyomma americanum (L.), and A. maculatum (Koch), between April, 2018 and February, 2021. Collections primarily involved dragging (April to July) and examination of harvested deer (November to February). A total of 2,927 ticks was collected from 110 sites; three species, I. scapularis, A. americanum, and D. variabilis, represented 91.70% of all ticks collected. Amblyomma americanum and D. variabilis were the most common species encountered in drags; I. scapularis dominated deer collections. Dermacentor variabilis was never found on deer, whereas D. albipictus was only found on deer. Stepwise regression (AIC) of drag data was linked to several site variables. Results suggest a linear response along a south (low abundance) to north (high abundance) gradient, in addition to increased abundance at sites with lower temperatures and greater precipitation and canopy cover.
{"title":"Ticks of Alabama: the fauna and spatial distribution of medically important species across the state","authors":"Skyler M. Kerr, J. Rayner, R. R. Wood, S. Schultze, J. McCreadie","doi":"10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.38","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The last statewide survey of hard ticks in Alabama was in 1972. To address this deficit, we examined the distribution of the medically important species across the state, Ixodes scapularis (Say), Dermacentor variabilis (Say), Amblyomma americanum (L.), and A. maculatum (Koch), between April, 2018 and February, 2021. Collections primarily involved dragging (April to July) and examination of harvested deer (November to February). A total of 2,927 ticks was collected from 110 sites; three species, I. scapularis, A. americanum, and D. variabilis, represented 91.70% of all ticks collected. Amblyomma americanum and D. variabilis were the most common species encountered in drags; I. scapularis dominated deer collections. Dermacentor variabilis was never found on deer, whereas D. albipictus was only found on deer. Stepwise regression (AIC) of drag data was linked to several site variables. Results suggest a linear response along a south (low abundance) to north (high abundance) gradient, in addition to increased abundance at sites with lower temperatures and greater precipitation and canopy cover.","PeriodicalId":49961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Ecology","volume":"47 1","pages":"38 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42807816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.9
Juan Navarrete-Carballo, H. Huerta-Jiménez, E. N. Loría-Cervera, P. Manrique-Saide, E. I. Sosa-Bibiano
ABSTRACT: Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) is endemic in the Yucatan Peninsula, with historical and contemporary records mainly in the states of Campeche and Quintana Roo. Recently, we reported autochthonous LCL cases and 27.6% of asymptomatic infection in the municipality of Tinum, Yucatan, where no studies of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) sand flies have been carried out. In this work, from November, 2019 to February, 2020, we conducted a field study in three areas of Tinum to document, for the first time, the species of Phlebotominae in areas with records of human leishmaniasis transmission. In order of abundance, the species identified were Pifanomyia serrana, Psathyromyia shannoni, Psathyromyia cratifer, Lutzomyia cruciata, Bichromomyia olmeca olmeca, and Dampfomyia deleoni. Most of the sand flies were captured in a Shannon trap where 77.8% of collected specimens were females. The distribution of sand fly species showed some degree of heterogeneity among sites, and the highest species richness was registered in a site located in Xcalakoop. We also discuss the medical importance of Lu. cruciata, Ps. shannoni, and Pi. serrana as potential vectors of causal agents of LCL in this area.
{"title":"Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) from an emergent focus of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis in Yucatan, Southeast Mexico","authors":"Juan Navarrete-Carballo, H. Huerta-Jiménez, E. N. Loría-Cervera, P. Manrique-Saide, E. I. Sosa-Bibiano","doi":"10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) is endemic in the Yucatan Peninsula, with historical and contemporary records mainly in the states of Campeche and Quintana Roo. Recently, we reported autochthonous LCL cases and 27.6% of asymptomatic infection in the municipality of Tinum, Yucatan, where no studies of Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) sand flies have been carried out. In this work, from November, 2019 to February, 2020, we conducted a field study in three areas of Tinum to document, for the first time, the species of Phlebotominae in areas with records of human leishmaniasis transmission. In order of abundance, the species identified were Pifanomyia serrana, Psathyromyia shannoni, Psathyromyia cratifer, Lutzomyia cruciata, Bichromomyia olmeca olmeca, and Dampfomyia deleoni. Most of the sand flies were captured in a Shannon trap where 77.8% of collected specimens were females. The distribution of sand fly species showed some degree of heterogeneity among sites, and the highest species richness was registered in a site located in Xcalakoop. We also discuss the medical importance of Lu. cruciata, Ps. shannoni, and Pi. serrana as potential vectors of causal agents of LCL in this area.","PeriodicalId":49961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Ecology","volume":"47 1","pages":"9 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42964611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.1
Khalid A. Asiry
ABSTRACT: The biological effect of acetone extracts from three selected plants, Lantana camara, Rhazya astricta, and Citrullus colocynthis, on the egg hatch rate, larvicidal activity, and larval development of Culex pipiens L. was investigated. The egg hatch rate of Cx. pipiens was significantly reduced (P<0.01) when the extracts of L. camara were used. Moreover, the used extracts significantly exhibited a variable larvicidal activity against the Cx. pipiens (P<0.001). The most toxicity was observed when the larvae were treated with the acetonic extract of L. camara, showing different toxicities with lower LC50s at 140.1 ppm after two days and 51.3 ppm after ten days. In this observed time, larvae suffered chronic toxicities (increased mortality with increasing exposure time and sublethal endpoints, such as decreased larvae development) when treated with used plant extracts, leading to 96.7% mortality with L. camara and 91.5% and 85.7% mortalities with C. colocynthis and Rh. stricta, respectively. All concentrations significantly obstructed larvae development, causing significant reductions in both the proportion of pupation (P<0.001) and the emergence of adults (P<.001). The larval development reduction was observed under the L. camara extracts treatment, where only 15.2% and 9.7% of the larvae managed to reach pupal and adult stages, respectively. In conclusion, applying acetone extracts from L. camara to immature mosquito breeding sites may efficiently control mosquitoes to reduce the reliance on insecticides against these disease vectors.
{"title":"Acetone extracts of three selected plants induce toxicological and biological effects against the house mosquito, Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)","authors":"Khalid A. Asiry","doi":"10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The biological effect of acetone extracts from three selected plants, Lantana camara, Rhazya astricta, and Citrullus colocynthis, on the egg hatch rate, larvicidal activity, and larval development of Culex pipiens L. was investigated. The egg hatch rate of Cx. pipiens was significantly reduced (P<0.01) when the extracts of L. camara were used. Moreover, the used extracts significantly exhibited a variable larvicidal activity against the Cx. pipiens (P<0.001). The most toxicity was observed when the larvae were treated with the acetonic extract of L. camara, showing different toxicities with lower LC50s at 140.1 ppm after two days and 51.3 ppm after ten days. In this observed time, larvae suffered chronic toxicities (increased mortality with increasing exposure time and sublethal endpoints, such as decreased larvae development) when treated with used plant extracts, leading to 96.7% mortality with L. camara and 91.5% and 85.7% mortalities with C. colocynthis and Rh. stricta, respectively. All concentrations significantly obstructed larvae development, causing significant reductions in both the proportion of pupation (P<0.001) and the emergence of adults (P<.001). The larval development reduction was observed under the L. camara extracts treatment, where only 15.2% and 9.7% of the larvae managed to reach pupal and adult stages, respectively. In conclusion, applying acetone extracts from L. camara to immature mosquito breeding sites may efficiently control mosquitoes to reduce the reliance on insecticides against these disease vectors.","PeriodicalId":49961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Ecology","volume":"47 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48320767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.19
M. Orlova, I. Doronin, P. Klimov, N. Anisimov
ABSTRACT. Rock lizards of the genus Darevskia are interesting research models due to their asexual reproduction. Ectoparasitic mites and ticks of these lizards are poorly known, despite some of these chelicerates being vector pathogens of humans and wildlife. Here we document and curate previously known data on ectoparasitic Acari of rock lizards and, based on our extensive survey, provide an annotated list of these ectoparasitic arthropods (six tick species, one macronyssid species, and seven chigger species). We also provide new host records (Ixodes ricinus on Darevskia caucasica, D. dryada, D. mixta, and D. szczerbaki; Haemaphysalis sulcata on D. rudis; Odontacarus saxicolis on D. brauneri); and new geographical records (O. saxicolis in Russia and Georgia).
{"title":"A review of mites and ticks parasitizing rock lizards (Lacertidae: Darevskia)","authors":"M. Orlova, I. Doronin, P. Klimov, N. Anisimov","doi":"10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. Rock lizards of the genus Darevskia are interesting research models due to their asexual reproduction. Ectoparasitic mites and ticks of these lizards are poorly known, despite some of these chelicerates being vector pathogens of humans and wildlife. Here we document and curate previously known data on ectoparasitic Acari of rock lizards and, based on our extensive survey, provide an annotated list of these ectoparasitic arthropods (six tick species, one macronyssid species, and seven chigger species). We also provide new host records (Ixodes ricinus on Darevskia caucasica, D. dryada, D. mixta, and D. szczerbaki; Haemaphysalis sulcata on D. rudis; Odontacarus saxicolis on D. brauneri); and new geographical records (O. saxicolis in Russia and Georgia).","PeriodicalId":49961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Ecology","volume":"47 1","pages":"19 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44843982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.29
Miranda H. J. Huang, S. Demarais, B. Strickland, W. Brookshire, J. G. Chandler, R. A. Butler, R. T. Trout Fryxell
ABSTRACT: Prior research on baiting and feeding of wildlife found changes in habitat and the concentration of wildlife on a local scale (e.g., hundreds of meters). Since changes in habitat and host density affect ticks, feeding wildlife may lead to changes in tick and tick-borne disease ecology. We quantified the effect of feeding deer on ticks and tick-borne diseases at 79 pairs of sites with and without deer feeders during May-August of 2019 and 2020. We captured 0.4 fewer adult (p<0.05) and 1.2 fewer nymphal ticks (p=0.01) at feeder sites. This effect intensified over time with one fewer tick trapped at old feeders (≥5 years) compared to new feeders (<5 years, p<0.05). Greater daily wildlife visitation rates (p<0.001) may have allowed questing ticks to encounter hosts more readily. Most collected ticks were Amblyomma americanum (92.8%), a vector of Ehrlichia and Rickettsia pathogens, though prevalence of these pathogens did not differ (p>0.13) at a local scale. Supplemental deer feeding appears to influence ticks, possibly due to decreased tick habitat and increased wildlife use around feeders. Our findings indicate feeding does not lead to increased prevalence of Ehrlichia or Rickettsia bacteria within A. americanum locally.
{"title":"Supplemental feeding of deer reduces tick abundance in Mississippi, U.S.A.","authors":"Miranda H. J. Huang, S. Demarais, B. Strickland, W. Brookshire, J. G. Chandler, R. A. Butler, R. T. Trout Fryxell","doi":"10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52707/1081-1710-47.1.29","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Prior research on baiting and feeding of wildlife found changes in habitat and the concentration of wildlife on a local scale (e.g., hundreds of meters). Since changes in habitat and host density affect ticks, feeding wildlife may lead to changes in tick and tick-borne disease ecology. We quantified the effect of feeding deer on ticks and tick-borne diseases at 79 pairs of sites with and without deer feeders during May-August of 2019 and 2020. We captured 0.4 fewer adult (p<0.05) and 1.2 fewer nymphal ticks (p=0.01) at feeder sites. This effect intensified over time with one fewer tick trapped at old feeders (≥5 years) compared to new feeders (<5 years, p<0.05). Greater daily wildlife visitation rates (p<0.001) may have allowed questing ticks to encounter hosts more readily. Most collected ticks were Amblyomma americanum (92.8%), a vector of Ehrlichia and Rickettsia pathogens, though prevalence of these pathogens did not differ (p>0.13) at a local scale. Supplemental deer feeding appears to influence ticks, possibly due to decreased tick habitat and increased wildlife use around feeders. Our findings indicate feeding does not lead to increased prevalence of Ehrlichia or Rickettsia bacteria within A. americanum locally.","PeriodicalId":49961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Ecology","volume":"47 1","pages":"29 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46421619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-04DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-46.2.186
Daphne Ngape, Cassandra H. Steele, E. McDermott
ABSTRACT: Monitoring mosquito populations is crucial for vector-borne disease surveillance. Routine mosquito surveillance in many regions of the United States is performed either by vector abatement districts or public health departments. These surveillance programs often use multiple trap types and attractants to target key mosquito species, however setting different traps with varying attractants can be expensive and labor intensive. Because funding for mosquito control is highly variable throughout the U.S., some programs may be limited in their surveillance capabilities. To determine whether a single trap-attractant combination could provide specificity for key vector and nuisance species, as well as sensitivity for rare species, we compared the BG-Sentinel 2 and CDC miniature light traps paired with CO2, UV-LED, BG Lure, BG Sweetscent, octenol, or chicken feathers. Trapping was conducted biweekly from June/July-October 2019 and 2020 in Montgomery and Prince George's County, MD. BG traps collected significantly more Aedes albopictus than CDC traps when paired with BG Lure, Sweetscent, or octenol. BG/CO2 traps collected both the greatest number of total mosquitoes and Culex pipiens. BG/CO2, CDC/CO2, and CDC/UV traps provided the most diverse collections. Trapping with the CO2-baited BG-Sentinel is recommended as an effective strategy for general mosquito surveillance when resources are limited.
{"title":"A comparison of BG Sentinel and CDC trap attractants for mosquito surveillance in urban and suburban areas of Montgomery and Prince George's Counties, Maryland, U.S.A.","authors":"Daphne Ngape, Cassandra H. Steele, E. McDermott","doi":"10.52707/1081-1710-46.2.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52707/1081-1710-46.2.186","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Monitoring mosquito populations is crucial for vector-borne disease surveillance. Routine mosquito surveillance in many regions of the United States is performed either by vector abatement districts or public health departments. These surveillance programs often use multiple trap types and attractants to target key mosquito species, however setting different traps with varying attractants can be expensive and labor intensive. Because funding for mosquito control is highly variable throughout the U.S., some programs may be limited in their surveillance capabilities. To determine whether a single trap-attractant combination could provide specificity for key vector and nuisance species, as well as sensitivity for rare species, we compared the BG-Sentinel 2 and CDC miniature light traps paired with CO2, UV-LED, BG Lure, BG Sweetscent, octenol, or chicken feathers. Trapping was conducted biweekly from June/July-October 2019 and 2020 in Montgomery and Prince George's County, MD. BG traps collected significantly more Aedes albopictus than CDC traps when paired with BG Lure, Sweetscent, or octenol. BG/CO2 traps collected both the greatest number of total mosquitoes and Culex pipiens. BG/CO2, CDC/CO2, and CDC/UV traps provided the most diverse collections. Trapping with the CO2-baited BG-Sentinel is recommended as an effective strategy for general mosquito surveillance when resources are limited.","PeriodicalId":49961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Ecology","volume":"46 1","pages":"186 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48758877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-04DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-46.2.163
Cuong Van Duong, Uyen Thi Phuong Tran, Vinh Van Nguyen, Y. Bae
ABSTRACT: Predators and their interactions with target prey influence the efficiency of control strategies. In the present study, we demonstrate the implementation of natural predator selection for controlling dengue vectors in northern Vietnam through field-based observation of aquatic insect predators in natural habitats and lab-based assessment of predatorial capacities for several aquatic insect predators. The selected species was then used to evaluate the predatory-prey interaction using functional responses (FRs) toward 3rd- and 4th-instar larvae of four major medical mosquito species (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Anopheles minimus). The preference of selected predators for Ae. aegypti larvae over other mosquito larvae was also investigated. Both field observation and lab experiments indicated that the giant water bug Diplonychus rusticus was abundant and exhibited the highest predatory capacity for mosquito larvae. The predator exhibited type II FRs when offered each of the four prey species, and the greatest attack rates were observed for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, with only negligible differences observed in the handling times of the prey species. Further, Manly's selectivity (α) values calculated from the prey choice experiments showed that Ae. aegypti was preferred over both Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. minimus. Together, these findings indicate that D. rusticus could be successfully used to facilitate the biological control of both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus within the species' distributional overlap in Southeast Asia.
{"title":"Predator selection and predator-prey interactions for the biological control of mosquito dengue vectors in northern Vietnam","authors":"Cuong Van Duong, Uyen Thi Phuong Tran, Vinh Van Nguyen, Y. Bae","doi":"10.52707/1081-1710-46.2.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52707/1081-1710-46.2.163","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Predators and their interactions with target prey influence the efficiency of control strategies. In the present study, we demonstrate the implementation of natural predator selection for controlling dengue vectors in northern Vietnam through field-based observation of aquatic insect predators in natural habitats and lab-based assessment of predatorial capacities for several aquatic insect predators. The selected species was then used to evaluate the predatory-prey interaction using functional responses (FRs) toward 3rd- and 4th-instar larvae of four major medical mosquito species (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Anopheles minimus). The preference of selected predators for Ae. aegypti larvae over other mosquito larvae was also investigated. Both field observation and lab experiments indicated that the giant water bug Diplonychus rusticus was abundant and exhibited the highest predatory capacity for mosquito larvae. The predator exhibited type II FRs when offered each of the four prey species, and the greatest attack rates were observed for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, with only negligible differences observed in the handling times of the prey species. Further, Manly's selectivity (α) values calculated from the prey choice experiments showed that Ae. aegypti was preferred over both Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. minimus. Together, these findings indicate that D. rusticus could be successfully used to facilitate the biological control of both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus within the species' distributional overlap in Southeast Asia.","PeriodicalId":49961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Ecology","volume":"46 1","pages":"163 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46107159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-04DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-46.2.173
M. González, A. Cevidanes, F. Goiri, J. Barandika, A. García-Pérez
ABSTRACT: Studies of the biodiversity of mosquito larval habitats are important for vector-borne disease control programs and help to improve vector distribution maps. This study was designed to investigate the geographical distribution of mosquito species and their larval habitats in urban, rural, and natural areas in northern Spain. Pre-imaginal stages were collected over two sampling periods (spring and summer) in 2019. In the laboratory, immature specimens were reared to the adult stage for species identification by morphological taxonomy and/or molecular methods. In total, 2,182 specimens belonging to 13 different native mosquito species of five genera were collected from 135 sampling points of which 59.2% harbored larvae. Culex pipiens s.l. was the most abundant species (45.1%), followed by Culex torrentium (12.3%), Anopheles maculipennis s.l. (10.2%), Culex hortensis (9.5%), and nine other species with lower frequencies that accounted for less than 25%. By molecular identification, An. maculipennis s.s. was identified as the only species within the An. maculipennis species complex and Cx. pipiens pipiens as the predominant subspecies of the Cx. pipiens species complex. Margins in large sunlit water bodies were the most suitable sites for An. maculipennis s.l., whereas Cx. pipiens s.l. was present in both natural and artificial habitats. The larval site index, species richness, and relative abundance of the mosquitoes were determined based on the characteristics of the sites where they were collected. The public health importance and ecology of some identified mosquitoes is also discussed.
{"title":"Diversity and distribution of larval habitats of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in northern Spain: from urban to natural areas","authors":"M. González, A. Cevidanes, F. Goiri, J. Barandika, A. García-Pérez","doi":"10.52707/1081-1710-46.2.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52707/1081-1710-46.2.173","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Studies of the biodiversity of mosquito larval habitats are important for vector-borne disease control programs and help to improve vector distribution maps. This study was designed to investigate the geographical distribution of mosquito species and their larval habitats in urban, rural, and natural areas in northern Spain. Pre-imaginal stages were collected over two sampling periods (spring and summer) in 2019. In the laboratory, immature specimens were reared to the adult stage for species identification by morphological taxonomy and/or molecular methods. In total, 2,182 specimens belonging to 13 different native mosquito species of five genera were collected from 135 sampling points of which 59.2% harbored larvae. Culex pipiens s.l. was the most abundant species (45.1%), followed by Culex torrentium (12.3%), Anopheles maculipennis s.l. (10.2%), Culex hortensis (9.5%), and nine other species with lower frequencies that accounted for less than 25%. By molecular identification, An. maculipennis s.s. was identified as the only species within the An. maculipennis species complex and Cx. pipiens pipiens as the predominant subspecies of the Cx. pipiens species complex. Margins in large sunlit water bodies were the most suitable sites for An. maculipennis s.l., whereas Cx. pipiens s.l. was present in both natural and artificial habitats. The larval site index, species richness, and relative abundance of the mosquitoes were determined based on the characteristics of the sites where they were collected. The public health importance and ecology of some identified mosquitoes is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":49961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Ecology","volume":"46 1","pages":"173 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45264895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-04DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-46.2.233
C. Wanjiku, D. Tchouassi, C. Sole, C. Pirk, B. Torto
Variation in vector traits can modulate local scale differences in pathogen transmission. Here, we compared seasonal variation in the wing length (proxy for body size) and energy reserves of adult wild-caught Aedes aegypti populations from a dengue endemic (Kilifi) and non-endemic (Isiolo) area of Kenya. Vector sampling in the dengue endemic site was conducted during the dry and wet seasons. In the non-endemic area, it was limited to the dry season which characterizes this ecology where sporadic or no rainfall is commonplace during the year. We found variation by site in the body size of both sexes, with an overall smaller size of Ae. aegypti populations collected from Isiolo than those from Kilifi. Our results show that although total carbohydrates and lipids levels were highest in both sexes during the dry season, they were two-fold higher in males than females. However, we found weak correlations between body size and energy reserves for both sexes, with body size being more sensitive in identifying differences at a population level. These results provide insights into the determinants of the vectoring potential of Ae. aegypti populations in dengue endemic and non-endemic ecologies in Kenya. Journal of Vector Ecology 46 (1): 19-23. 2021. Keyword Index: Energy reserves, body size, Aedes aegypti, dengue, ecological adaptation.
{"title":"Biological traits of wild-caught populations of Aedes aegypti in dengue endemic and non-endemic regions of Kenya","authors":"C. Wanjiku, D. Tchouassi, C. Sole, C. Pirk, B. Torto","doi":"10.52707/1081-1710-46.2.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52707/1081-1710-46.2.233","url":null,"abstract":"Variation in vector traits can modulate local scale differences in pathogen transmission. Here, we compared seasonal variation in the wing length (proxy for body size) and energy reserves of adult wild-caught Aedes aegypti populations from a dengue endemic (Kilifi) and non-endemic (Isiolo) area of Kenya. Vector sampling in the dengue endemic site was conducted during the dry and wet seasons. In the non-endemic area, it was limited to the dry season which characterizes this ecology where sporadic or no rainfall is commonplace during the year. We found variation by site in the body size of both sexes, with an overall smaller size of Ae. aegypti populations collected from Isiolo than those from Kilifi. Our results show that although total carbohydrates and lipids levels were highest in both sexes during the dry season, they were two-fold higher in males than females. However, we found weak correlations between body size and energy reserves for both sexes, with body size being more sensitive in identifying differences at a population level. These results provide insights into the determinants of the vectoring potential of Ae. aegypti populations in dengue endemic and non-endemic ecologies in Kenya. Journal of Vector Ecology 46 (1): 19-23. 2021. Keyword Index: Energy reserves, body size, Aedes aegypti, dengue, ecological adaptation.","PeriodicalId":49961,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Ecology","volume":"46 1","pages":"233 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43150067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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