Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.28991/hef-2023-04-02-02
Martheana Kencanawati, Data Iranata, Mahendra A. Maulana
The process of identifying the peak discharge using the rational method was introduced in the 1880s. This method is a simple procedure for determining the peak discharge derived from surface runoff flow. Therefore, this research modified a simple hydrological formulation (rational method) based on fieldwork and compared a numerical rainfall model to the relationship model by using the simulation parameters, namely rainfall, infiltration, land use, and stream for hydrological conditions. The novelty of this research is a modification of the theoretical formula (rational method) through the use of fieldwork factors to modify the run-off coefficient. The first scene-up was overlay mapping between land and land use shape files, while the scene-up sampling point was upstream and downstream. This was continued with the estimation curve number until a specific composite curve number was initiated. The rate of infiltration was determined using the Horton method to distinguish the soil type, while the Water Stage Data Logger Starter Kit 13" HOBO KIT-S-U20-04 was used to measure the water level, HEC HMS, and rating curve analysis. The relationships between the fieldwork data using hydrology analysis and modeling were then compared. The results showed that the maximum rainfall calculated and analyzed from the box-and-whisker plot was 140 mm in the year 2019. In addition, the infiltration rate at the upstream and downstream areas was 90 mm/hour and 26.4 mm/hour, or 30% out of the upstream area value. Finally, the estimations of the runoff coefficient were 0.60, 0.45, and 0.0133, while the discharges for the maximum rainfall intensity were observed at 405.7 m3/s, 304.3 m3/s, and 25 m3/s. The simulation using Hydrological Modelling HEC HMS 4.11 computed results of 0.1 m3/s and observed flow of 0.3 m3/s. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2023-04-02-02 Full Text: PDF
19世纪80年代引入了用理性方法确定峰值放电的过程。该方法是测定地表径流峰值流量的简单方法。因此，本研究在野外调查的基础上，对简单的水文公式(理性方法)进行了修正，并利用降雨、入渗、土地利用、河流等水文条件的模拟参数，将数值降雨模型与关系模型进行了对比。本研究的新颖之处在于对理论公式(理性方法)进行修正，利用实地考察因子对径流系数进行修正。第一个场景是土地和土地利用形态文件的叠加映射，场景采样点是上游和下游。这将继续使用估计曲线数，直到启动特定的复合曲线数。采用Horton法测定入渗速率以区分土壤类型，采用Water Stage Data Logger Starter Kit 13”HOBO Kit - s - u20 -04进行水位测量、HEC HMS和评级曲线分析。然后比较了水文分析和模拟的野外数据之间的关系。结果表明，2019年通过盒须图计算和分析的最大降雨量为140 mm。上游和下游地区入渗速率分别为90 mm/h和26.4 mm/h，均偏离上游地区值的30%。径流系数分别为0.60、0.45和0.0133，最大降雨强度的径流量分别为405.7 m3/s、304.3 m3/s和25 m3/s。采用水文模型HEC HMS 4.11进行模拟，计算结果为0.1 m3/s，观测流量为0.3 m3/s。Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2023-04-02-02全文:PDF
{"title":"Hydrologic Modeling System HEC-HMS Application for Direct Runoff Determination","authors":"Martheana Kencanawati, Data Iranata, Mahendra A. Maulana","doi":"10.28991/hef-2023-04-02-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/hef-2023-04-02-02","url":null,"abstract":"The process of identifying the peak discharge using the rational method was introduced in the 1880s. This method is a simple procedure for determining the peak discharge derived from surface runoff flow. Therefore, this research modified a simple hydrological formulation (rational method) based on fieldwork and compared a numerical rainfall model to the relationship model by using the simulation parameters, namely rainfall, infiltration, land use, and stream for hydrological conditions. The novelty of this research is a modification of the theoretical formula (rational method) through the use of fieldwork factors to modify the run-off coefficient. The first scene-up was overlay mapping between land and land use shape files, while the scene-up sampling point was upstream and downstream. This was continued with the estimation curve number until a specific composite curve number was initiated. The rate of infiltration was determined using the Horton method to distinguish the soil type, while the Water Stage Data Logger Starter Kit 13\" HOBO KIT-S-U20-04 was used to measure the water level, HEC HMS, and rating curve analysis. The relationships between the fieldwork data using hydrology analysis and modeling were then compared. The results showed that the maximum rainfall calculated and analyzed from the box-and-whisker plot was 140 mm in the year 2019. In addition, the infiltration rate at the upstream and downstream areas was 90 mm/hour and 26.4 mm/hour, or 30% out of the upstream area value. Finally, the estimations of the runoff coefficient were 0.60, 0.45, and 0.0133, while the discharges for the maximum rainfall intensity were observed at 405.7 m3/s, 304.3 m3/s, and 25 m3/s. The simulation using Hydrological Modelling HEC HMS 4.11 computed results of 0.1 m3/s and observed flow of 0.3 m3/s. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2023-04-02-02 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":500209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human, Earth, and Future","volume":"283 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135194493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The recycling of locally collected concrete waste is being promoted toward reducing the carbon footprint. In the preparation of concrete, recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) are encouraged instead of natural aggregates (NA), as they can help reduce the consumption of virgin materials, the extraction and transportation of which can be costly and environmentally damaging. In this context, we conducted an experimental study on various concrete mixes to evaluate the effect of using RCA instead of NA on the physical and mechanical properties of fresh and hardened concrete. The main novelty of our study lies in meeting one of the principles of circular economy, i.e., reducing the carbon footprint, by recycling concrete waste collected locally. We prepared and investigated test specimens containing 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% of fine and coarse recycled concrete aggregates. Results for fresh concrete were determined for temperature, consistency, air content, and density, while on the other side, in hardened concrete, results were determined for compressive strength, tensile splitting strength, and density. All results were determined experimentally and then compared. Our results showed that, with the use of RCA in the concrete mix, construction companies can significantly reduce their carbon footprints and help conserve natural resources. RCA can help create a more sustainable and affordable construction industry and is better suited to meet future challenges. Our study can serve as a basis for advancing the application of RCA in the preparation of concrete for sustainable construction. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2023-04-02-03 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Recycled Concrete Aggregates: A Promising and Sustainable Option for the Construction Industry","authors":"Driton Kryeziu, Feti Selmani, Armend Mujaj, Igli Kondi","doi":"10.28991/hef-2023-04-02-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/hef-2023-04-02-03","url":null,"abstract":"The recycling of locally collected concrete waste is being promoted toward reducing the carbon footprint. In the preparation of concrete, recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) are encouraged instead of natural aggregates (NA), as they can help reduce the consumption of virgin materials, the extraction and transportation of which can be costly and environmentally damaging. In this context, we conducted an experimental study on various concrete mixes to evaluate the effect of using RCA instead of NA on the physical and mechanical properties of fresh and hardened concrete. The main novelty of our study lies in meeting one of the principles of circular economy, i.e., reducing the carbon footprint, by recycling concrete waste collected locally. We prepared and investigated test specimens containing 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% of fine and coarse recycled concrete aggregates. Results for fresh concrete were determined for temperature, consistency, air content, and density, while on the other side, in hardened concrete, results were determined for compressive strength, tensile splitting strength, and density. All results were determined experimentally and then compared. Our results showed that, with the use of RCA in the concrete mix, construction companies can significantly reduce their carbon footprints and help conserve natural resources. RCA can help create a more sustainable and affordable construction industry and is better suited to meet future challenges. Our study can serve as a basis for advancing the application of RCA in the preparation of concrete for sustainable construction. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2023-04-02-03 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":500209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human, Earth, and Future","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135194617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.28991/hef-2023-04-01-06
Vu Van Dong, Tran Nha Ghi, Nguyen Tan Trung, Tran Dang Khoa
The pandemic in Vietnam is increasingly escalating and spreading across provinces and cities. Therefore, Vietnam needs to implement preventive measures to control the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to examine the influencing factors, such as COVID-19 knowledge, behavior control, moral and subjective norms, the government's preventive e-guidelines, domestic social media, and environmental factors, on the intention to prevent COVID-19 and risk aversion. The study surveyed 201 Vietnamese citizens and utilized the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method to estimate path coefficients. The results indicate that COVID-19 knowledge, morals, and subjective norms positively impact the intention to prevent COVID-19 and risk aversion. The theoretical contribution of this study reveals that the intention to prevent the spread of COVID-19 partially mediates COVID-19 knowledge, moral and subjective norms, and risk aversion. Regarding practical implications, knowledge of COVID-19 transmission, symptoms, and preventive measures guided by healthcare experts and social networks (family, friends, and colleagues) is highly beneficial in Vietnam's efforts to combat the COVID-19 outbreak. Lastly, the study proposes some limitations and suggestions for further research. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2023-04-01-06 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Factors Influencing the Risk Aversion in Vietnam: The Mediating Role of the Intention to Prevent COVID-19","authors":"Vu Van Dong, Tran Nha Ghi, Nguyen Tan Trung, Tran Dang Khoa","doi":"10.28991/hef-2023-04-01-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/hef-2023-04-01-06","url":null,"abstract":"The pandemic in Vietnam is increasingly escalating and spreading across provinces and cities. Therefore, Vietnam needs to implement preventive measures to control the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to examine the influencing factors, such as COVID-19 knowledge, behavior control, moral and subjective norms, the government's preventive e-guidelines, domestic social media, and environmental factors, on the intention to prevent COVID-19 and risk aversion. The study surveyed 201 Vietnamese citizens and utilized the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method to estimate path coefficients. The results indicate that COVID-19 knowledge, morals, and subjective norms positively impact the intention to prevent COVID-19 and risk aversion. The theoretical contribution of this study reveals that the intention to prevent the spread of COVID-19 partially mediates COVID-19 knowledge, moral and subjective norms, and risk aversion. Regarding practical implications, knowledge of COVID-19 transmission, symptoms, and preventive measures guided by healthcare experts and social networks (family, friends, and colleagues) is highly beneficial in Vietnam's efforts to combat the COVID-19 outbreak. Lastly, the study proposes some limitations and suggestions for further research. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2023-04-01-06 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":500209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human, Earth, and Future","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135532175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.28991/hef-2023-04-01-08
Dode Prenga, Elmira Kushta, Fatjon Musli
Since the introduction of the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) in 1992, the CI tests have been widely used for measuring conceptual knowledge and for studying teaching issues in almost all disciplines and levels of study. A standard concept inventory analysis includes the design of a qualitative test, adequate realization of testing, calibration procedure, and comprehensive analysis of its findings. Usually, the CI test calibration is carried out through the Rasch sociometric technique, which is also used for calculating crucial indicators of knowledge such as item difficulties, students’ abilities, and many more. Whereas the quality of the tests’ design can be guaranteed by using certified and professional CI tests, the statistical adequacy of the testing merits critical attention before going on to the final step of the analysis. Also, the analysis of CI outcomes can be advanced by contemplating auxiliary tools and complementary techniques. In this framework, we propose to enforce the test index validity requirement for qualifying the CI outcomes as local or global. Specifically, the conclusions of CI analysis are acceptable for the whole population from which the sample has been extracted if the test's indexes comply with the validity requirements provided by the index theory. In the case when test indexes are out of validity range and re-conducting them is impractical for some objective circumstances or research specifics, we suggest injecting some new records into the existing one or mixing the data gathered from different samples until the new indexes are in the desired range. Using this methodology, we have reviewed our previous FCI tests, which were initially intended to demonstrate the impairment of learning in the physics discipline triggered by online learning during the pandemic closure. Through this renormalization procedure, we obtained a credible assessment of the understanding of mechanics and electromagnetism in high school students who followed online lectures during the pandemic closure. Also, by using indexes’ validity as an auxiliary tool, we identified that for measuring the knowledge of electromagnetism in students enrolled in branches where physics is a basic discipline, a shortened version of the BEMA test was a better instrument than the corresponding shortened EMCI test. Next, we used the optimal histogram idea borrowed from distribution fitting procedures to identify the natural levels of students’ abilities for solving a certain CI test. Another intriguing proposal presented in this work consists of combining an ad-hoc Likert scale assignment for usual errors in physics exams with the FCI designation of the basic commonsense confusion in mechanics for identifying their pairing features in common exams. We believe that the methods proposed herein can improve CI analysis in more general senses. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2023-04-01-08 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Enhancing Concept Inventory Analysis by Using Indexes, Optimal Histogram Idea, and the Likert Analysis","authors":"Dode Prenga, Elmira Kushta, Fatjon Musli","doi":"10.28991/hef-2023-04-01-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/hef-2023-04-01-08","url":null,"abstract":"Since the introduction of the Force Concept Inventory (FCI) in 1992, the CI tests have been widely used for measuring conceptual knowledge and for studying teaching issues in almost all disciplines and levels of study. A standard concept inventory analysis includes the design of a qualitative test, adequate realization of testing, calibration procedure, and comprehensive analysis of its findings. Usually, the CI test calibration is carried out through the Rasch sociometric technique, which is also used for calculating crucial indicators of knowledge such as item difficulties, students’ abilities, and many more. Whereas the quality of the tests’ design can be guaranteed by using certified and professional CI tests, the statistical adequacy of the testing merits critical attention before going on to the final step of the analysis. Also, the analysis of CI outcomes can be advanced by contemplating auxiliary tools and complementary techniques. In this framework, we propose to enforce the test index validity requirement for qualifying the CI outcomes as local or global. Specifically, the conclusions of CI analysis are acceptable for the whole population from which the sample has been extracted if the test's indexes comply with the validity requirements provided by the index theory. In the case when test indexes are out of validity range and re-conducting them is impractical for some objective circumstances or research specifics, we suggest injecting some new records into the existing one or mixing the data gathered from different samples until the new indexes are in the desired range. Using this methodology, we have reviewed our previous FCI tests, which were initially intended to demonstrate the impairment of learning in the physics discipline triggered by online learning during the pandemic closure. Through this renormalization procedure, we obtained a credible assessment of the understanding of mechanics and electromagnetism in high school students who followed online lectures during the pandemic closure. Also, by using indexes’ validity as an auxiliary tool, we identified that for measuring the knowledge of electromagnetism in students enrolled in branches where physics is a basic discipline, a shortened version of the BEMA test was a better instrument than the corresponding shortened EMCI test. Next, we used the optimal histogram idea borrowed from distribution fitting procedures to identify the natural levels of students’ abilities for solving a certain CI test. Another intriguing proposal presented in this work consists of combining an ad-hoc Likert scale assignment for usual errors in physics exams with the FCI designation of the basic commonsense confusion in mechanics for identifying their pairing features in common exams. We believe that the methods proposed herein can improve CI analysis in more general senses. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2023-04-01-08 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":500209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human, Earth, and Future","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.28991/hef-2023-04-01-07
Emeka J. Mba, Francis O. Okeke, Emmanuel C. Ezema, Peter I. Oforji, Chinelo A. Ozigbo
In tropical regions, one sustainable measure identified to attain thermal comfort and energy savings for interior spaces is natural ventilation. However, the ventilation coefficient as a factor for effective passive ventilation required for thermal comfort in educational facilities in warm, humid climates has not been adequately investigated. This study is a post-occupancy evaluation aimed at investigating the ventilation coefficient as a parameter for effective passive ventilation efficiency for good thermal comfort in the classrooms of public primary school buildings in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria. Among the data collection instruments are two data logging devices (thermo-anemometers -AZ 9871) used to measure air velocity, humidity levels, and temperature outside and inside the classrooms of 60 government primary school buildings in the study area. This selection was based on stratified random sampling techniques. For data analysis, the global ventilation coefficient and linear regression analysis were used. The findings demonstrate that the average natural ventilation efficiency was 80%, which is higher than the global ventilation efficiency standard of 60%. The research results further highlight that colonial classroom prototype buildings have a lower temperature value and ventilation coefficient of 83%, which in turn influenced the thermal comfort conditions of the classrooms investigated. The significance of this study is that the findings contribute to the existing knowledge base that would advance strategic policy formation towards acceleration of the uptake of sustainable and energy-efficient building designs for educational facilities in warm, humid tropical environments. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2023-04-01-07 Full Text: PDF
{"title":"Post Occupancy Evaluation of Ventilation Coefficient Desired for Thermal Comfort in Educational Facilities","authors":"Emeka J. Mba, Francis O. Okeke, Emmanuel C. Ezema, Peter I. Oforji, Chinelo A. Ozigbo","doi":"10.28991/hef-2023-04-01-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/hef-2023-04-01-07","url":null,"abstract":"In tropical regions, one sustainable measure identified to attain thermal comfort and energy savings for interior spaces is natural ventilation. However, the ventilation coefficient as a factor for effective passive ventilation required for thermal comfort in educational facilities in warm, humid climates has not been adequately investigated. This study is a post-occupancy evaluation aimed at investigating the ventilation coefficient as a parameter for effective passive ventilation efficiency for good thermal comfort in the classrooms of public primary school buildings in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria. Among the data collection instruments are two data logging devices (thermo-anemometers -AZ 9871) used to measure air velocity, humidity levels, and temperature outside and inside the classrooms of 60 government primary school buildings in the study area. This selection was based on stratified random sampling techniques. For data analysis, the global ventilation coefficient and linear regression analysis were used. The findings demonstrate that the average natural ventilation efficiency was 80%, which is higher than the global ventilation efficiency standard of 60%. The research results further highlight that colonial classroom prototype buildings have a lower temperature value and ventilation coefficient of 83%, which in turn influenced the thermal comfort conditions of the classrooms investigated. The significance of this study is that the findings contribute to the existing knowledge base that would advance strategic policy formation towards acceleration of the uptake of sustainable and energy-efficient building designs for educational facilities in warm, humid tropical environments. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2023-04-01-07 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":500209,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human, Earth, and Future","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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