The article is devoted to the issue of correcting psycho-physiological qualities of VVNIZ cadets. 131 cadets (17–26 years old) participated in the study. They were divided into control (n = 95) and experimental (n = 36) groups. The control group continued to perform the current training program, and the experimental group was engaged in the ICU section. Pedagogical testing was conducted to assess the level of psycho-physiological indicators of abilities. A pretest-posttest method was used to determine the impact of the experimental program on the cadets’ psycho-physiological abilities. The reliability of the difference between the indicators of the cadets from the two groups was established using Student’s t test (р < 0.05). To investigate the influence of complex military and sports training on the psychophysiological abilities of university cadets. The results of the experiment indicate an improvement in the indicators of professionally important psycho-physiological abilities of the EG representatives in relation to the CG respondents: attention speed improved by 7.9% (р < 0.05), concentration of attention by 15.4% (р < 0.05), mental capacity by 4.4% (p > 0.05), and mental productivity coefficient by 8.3% (p < 0.05). Thus, the means of MSAC can be used to improve professionally important psycho-physiological abilities of cadets of higher military educational institutions.
{"title":"The influence of complex military and sports training on the psycho-physiological abilities of university cadets","authors":"Vladyslav Otkydach, Mukola Korchagin, Pavlo Potsiluiko, Ihor Fishchuk, Svitlana Indyka, Natalia Bielikova","doi":"10.16926/sit.2023.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/sit.2023.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the issue of correcting psycho-physiological qualities of VVNIZ cadets. 131 cadets (17–26 years old) participated in the study. They were divided into control (n = 95) and experimental (n = 36) groups. The control group continued to perform the current training program, and the experimental group was engaged in the ICU section. Pedagogical testing was conducted to assess the level of psycho-physiological indicators of abilities. A pretest-posttest method was used to determine the impact of the experimental program on the cadets’ psycho-physiological abilities. The reliability of the difference between the indicators of the cadets from the two groups was established using Student’s t test (р < 0.05). To investigate the influence of complex military and sports training on the psychophysiological abilities of university cadets. The results of the experiment indicate an improvement in the indicators of professionally important psycho-physiological abilities of the EG representatives in relation to the CG respondents: attention speed improved by 7.9% (р < 0.05), concentration of attention by 15.4% (р < 0.05), mental capacity by 4.4% (p > 0.05), and mental productivity coefficient by 8.3% (p < 0.05). Thus, the means of MSAC can be used to improve professionally important psycho-physiological abilities of cadets of higher military educational institutions.","PeriodicalId":500573,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135651059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considering the negative effects of low physical activity, this study presents the values (and increases) of individual somatic features and body proportion indicators considered to be determinants of being overweight and obese among the examined girls and boys in view of differentiated physical activity. The research material includes the results of a two-year study of girls and boys aged 7–9. It involved 253 pupils: 167 from general classes and 86 from sports classes (sports acrobatics classes). Three series of measurements were carried out, covering a 2-year period of early primary education. As part of the research, measurements of body height and mass, waist circumference, hip circumference and the thickness of skin and fat folds were measured. The body proportions were calculated based on anthropometric measurements. In the analyzed period of ontogenesis (ages 7–9), pupils from general classes, when compared to those from sports classes, were distinguished by higher parameters of obesity indicators, increasing the risk of developing metabolic diseases. Children from the general classes, in contrast to those from the sports ones, were characterized by a higher Body Mass Index, waist and hip circumference, thickness of skin and fat folds, and waist-to-height ratio.
{"title":"Obesity indicators among 7–9 year-old girls and boys in view of diversified physical activity: a two-year study","authors":"Bartłomiej Patryk Hes, Ryszard Asienkiewicz","doi":"10.16926/sit.2023.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/sit.2023.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the negative effects of low physical activity, this study presents the values (and increases) of individual somatic features and body proportion indicators considered to be determinants of being overweight and obese among the examined girls and boys in view of differentiated physical activity. The research material includes the results of a two-year study of girls and boys aged 7–9. It involved 253 pupils: 167 from general classes and 86 from sports classes (sports acrobatics classes). Three series of measurements were carried out, covering a 2-year period of early primary education. As part of the research, measurements of body height and mass, waist circumference, hip circumference and the thickness of skin and fat folds were measured. The body proportions were calculated based on anthropometric measurements. In the analyzed period of ontogenesis (ages 7–9), pupils from general classes, when compared to those from sports classes, were distinguished by higher parameters of obesity indicators, increasing the risk of developing metabolic diseases. Children from the general classes, in contrast to those from the sports ones, were characterized by a higher Body Mass Index, waist and hip circumference, thickness of skin and fat folds, and waist-to-height ratio.","PeriodicalId":500573,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Chandrababu Suresh, Dilpreet Kaur, John Bosco Anitha, Kavita Marwah, Sigamani Jayasingh Albert Chandrasekar, Chellasamy Lakshmanan
Aerobic exercise training is recommended to prevent and control obesity. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a twelve-week step aerobics or floor aerobics exercise program in improving the physical and psychophysiological health of obese men. Sixty male adults of mean age 18.92 (SD 1.54 years) and Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 were randomly allocated into three equal (n = 20) groups: Step Aerobics Exercise Training (SAET), Floor Aerobic Exercise Training (FAET), and a control group (which did not perform any exercise). The SAET and FAET training protocols were performed three days per week for 12 weeks. Health-related physical fitness, biochemical, physiological, and psychological variables were used as outcome measures and measured at baseline and at 12 weeks. There were significant differences in terms of physical and psychophysiological health parameters in participants who underwent SAET and FAET training compared with the control group (p < 0.05). SAET and FAET proved to be helpful in managing the physical and psychological health of obese adults. Schools and colleges should administer aerobic exercise sessions to adults for better health perspectives.
{"title":"The effect of 12-week step and floor aerobic exercise programs on physical and psychophysiological health parameters in obese men","authors":"Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Chandrababu Suresh, Dilpreet Kaur, John Bosco Anitha, Kavita Marwah, Sigamani Jayasingh Albert Chandrasekar, Chellasamy Lakshmanan","doi":"10.16926/sit.2023.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/sit.2023.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Aerobic exercise training is recommended to prevent and control obesity. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a twelve-week step aerobics or floor aerobics exercise program in improving the physical and psychophysiological health of obese men. Sixty male adults of mean age 18.92 (SD 1.54 years) and Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 were randomly allocated into three equal (n = 20) groups: Step Aerobics Exercise Training (SAET), Floor Aerobic Exercise Training (FAET), and a control group (which did not perform any exercise). The SAET and FAET training protocols were performed three days per week for 12 weeks. Health-related physical fitness, biochemical, physiological, and psychological variables were used as outcome measures and measured at baseline and at 12 weeks. There were significant differences in terms of physical and psychophysiological health parameters in participants who underwent SAET and FAET training compared with the control group (p < 0.05). SAET and FAET proved to be helpful in managing the physical and psychological health of obese adults. Schools and colleges should administer aerobic exercise sessions to adults for better health perspectives.","PeriodicalId":500573,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[rec.] Eligiusz Małolepszy, Teresa Drozdek-Małolepsza, Zarys dziejów Gminnego Ludowego Klubu Sportowego Pogoń 1947 Kłomnice (1947–2021), Wydawnictwo Nauka i Innowacje, Poznań 2021, ss. 204","authors":"Arkadiusz Włodarczyk","doi":"10.16926/sit.2023.01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/sit.2023.01.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":500573,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[rev.] Renata Urban, Tradycje sportów konnych w Polsce do 1939 roku, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, Szczecin 2022, pp. 393","authors":"Tomasz Jurek","doi":"10.16926/sit.2023.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/sit.2023.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":500573,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the study is to research the system of tourist routes of the Wilno Voivodeship in the 1920s and 1930s. To convey the intended study, historical-type methodology was applied. In the 1920s and 1930s, a large number of tourist routes were developed in the Wilno Voivodeship, both for hiking and for trips favouring road, rail or water transport. These routes were quite diverse in subject matter and could satisfy a variety of tourist requests in organizing recreation: visiting historical and cultural heritage sites, relaxing on the shores of numerous water reservoirs, as well as rafting on large and small rivers of the region or walks and trips along them by river transport. Finally, based on the analysis of the available primary sources issued in the covered period, it could be stated that the 1920s and 1930s may be treated as a turning point in the development of tourism in the Wilno Voivodeship, at least in terms of the number and variety of tourist routes then functioning in the region. The presented study may constitute useful material for any further research devoted to the history of tourism in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus.
{"title":"Tourist Routes of the Wilno Voivodeship in the Interwar Period","authors":"Włodzimierz Gański","doi":"10.16926/sit.2023.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/sit.2023.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to research the system of tourist routes of the Wilno Voivodeship in the 1920s and 1930s. To convey the intended study, historical-type methodology was applied. In the 1920s and 1930s, a large number of tourist routes were developed in the Wilno Voivodeship, both for hiking and for trips favouring road, rail or water transport. These routes were quite diverse in subject matter and could satisfy a variety of tourist requests in organizing recreation: visiting historical and cultural heritage sites, relaxing on the shores of numerous water reservoirs, as well as rafting on large and small rivers of the region or walks and trips along them by river transport. Finally, based on the analysis of the available primary sources issued in the covered period, it could be stated that the 1920s and 1930s may be treated as a turning point in the development of tourism in the Wilno Voivodeship, at least in terms of the number and variety of tourist routes then functioning in the region. The presented study may constitute useful material for any further research devoted to the history of tourism in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus.","PeriodicalId":500573,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Volunteer Fire Brigades (OSPs) are the most numerous and widespread category of rural nongovernmental organisations in Poland. The emergency rescue focus of their activity is conducive to undertaking initiatives in the field of sports, i.e. projects aiming to improve the physical fitness and technical skills of volunteer firefighters. Firefighting sports competitions are the main form of sports rivalry among firefighters. Due to the fact of their long-time and regular organisation, team character, complying with a set of strict rules and rituals, and also the fact that this is rivalry between teams representing local communities that neighbour one another, they are a social and cultural phenomenon in which the problems of today’s rural Poland come into focus. Based on field research completed just before the COVID-19 pandemic and an overview of the literature, the author sets out to identify the functions of firefighting sports competitions in local systems. Considering the scale of the OSP organisation and the fact that it is permanently rooted in rural Poland, the paper may be considered a contribution to the discussion on effective ways of promoting physical culture outside urban centres.
{"title":"Volunteer Fire Brigade (OSP) Firefighting Sports Competitions in the Context of Key Problems of Contemporary Rural Poland","authors":"Konrad Burdyka","doi":"10.16926/sit.2023.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/sit.2023.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"Volunteer Fire Brigades (OSPs) are the most numerous and widespread category of rural nongovernmental organisations in Poland. The emergency rescue focus of their activity is conducive to undertaking initiatives in the field of sports, i.e. projects aiming to improve the physical fitness and technical skills of volunteer firefighters. Firefighting sports competitions are the main form of sports rivalry among firefighters. Due to the fact of their long-time and regular organisation, team character, complying with a set of strict rules and rituals, and also the fact that this is rivalry between teams representing local communities that neighbour one another, they are a social and cultural phenomenon in which the problems of today’s rural Poland come into focus. Based on field research completed just before the COVID-19 pandemic and an overview of the literature, the author sets out to identify the functions of firefighting sports competitions in local systems. Considering the scale of the OSP organisation and the fact that it is permanently rooted in rural Poland, the paper may be considered a contribution to the discussion on effective ways of promoting physical culture outside urban centres.","PeriodicalId":500573,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Functional capabilities are important for professional activities of officers, especially young female officers. It is necessary to identify the most effective physical activity programs to improve functional capabilities. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two physical activity programs for young females during their first year of training at a military academy. A total of 129 young females aged 17–18 participated in this study. Twenty-one and 108 charges were included in the experimental and control groups, respectively. Each group differed in terms of the physical activity interventions used during the year of learning. The outcome measures included heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), vital capacity index (VCI), isometric strength (IMIS), Ruffier test index (RTI) and Robinson index (RI). All studied physiological parameters improved in both groups; however, the experimental group achieved a significantly higher improvement than the control one in five of the eight parameters (HR, 4.5%; VCI, 15.4%; IMIS, 12.6%; RTI, 16.9%; RI, 5.0%). In conclusion, the intervention used in the experimental group provided a more significant improvement in functional capabilities. It is advisable to use the developed model in the practice of cadets’ physical activity during training at a military academy to improve their functional capabilities.
{"title":"Effectiveness of various physical activity programs in increasing functional capabilities of young females","authors":"Viktor Sliusarchuk, Gennadii Iedynak, Lesia Galamanzhuk, Anatolii Mykhalskyi, Yurii Yurchyshyn, Mykola Prozar","doi":"10.16926/sit.2023.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/sit.2023.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"Functional capabilities are important for professional activities of officers, especially young female officers. It is necessary to identify the most effective physical activity programs to improve functional capabilities. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two physical activity programs for young females during their first year of training at a military academy. A total of 129 young females aged 17–18 participated in this study. Twenty-one and 108 charges were included in the experimental and control groups, respectively. Each group differed in terms of the physical activity interventions used during the year of learning. The outcome measures included heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), vital capacity index (VCI), isometric strength (IMIS), Ruffier test index (RTI) and Robinson index (RI). All studied physiological parameters improved in both groups; however, the experimental group achieved a significantly higher improvement than the control one in five of the eight parameters (HR, 4.5%; VCI, 15.4%; IMIS, 12.6%; RTI, 16.9%; RI, 5.0%). In conclusion, the intervention used in the experimental group provided a more significant improvement in functional capabilities. It is advisable to use the developed model in the practice of cadets’ physical activity during training at a military academy to improve their functional capabilities.","PeriodicalId":500573,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most important cultural events of 2022 in Poland was undoubtedly the 16 Henryk Wieniawski International Violin Competition – the oldest violin competition in the world, commemorating the Polish virtuoso and composer, Henryk Wieniawski (1835–1880), taking place every five years in Poznań. Taking a perspective of the capital of Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) region, one should also appreciate a huge cultural heritage of the whole region, beginning with numerous achievements of Poznań Boys’ Choir, established by Jerzy Kurczewski in 1945, which, currently under the supervision of maestro Jacek Sykulski, is flourishing all the time. Listening to world-known virtuosos and the most distinguished choir singers contributes to the development of musical interests, and what follows, to reaching for not only the canon of professional literature devoted to classical music but also for films, both documentaries and feature
{"title":"The action-reaction rule vs. compromise solutions: About a musical movie in the context of implications for sports coaches and psychologists (review of The Chorus directed by Christophe Barratier)","authors":"Mateusz Rozmiarek","doi":"10.16926/sit.2023.02.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/sit.2023.02.11","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important cultural events of 2022 in Poland was undoubtedly the 16 Henryk Wieniawski International Violin Competition – the oldest violin competition in the world, commemorating the Polish virtuoso and composer, Henryk Wieniawski (1835–1880), taking place every five years in Poznań. Taking a perspective of the capital of Greater Poland (Wielkopolska) region, one should also appreciate a huge cultural heritage of the whole region, beginning with numerous achievements of Poznań Boys’ Choir, established by Jerzy Kurczewski in 1945, which, currently under the supervision of maestro Jacek Sykulski, is flourishing all the time. Listening to world-known virtuosos and the most distinguished choir singers contributes to the development of musical interests, and what follows, to reaching for not only the canon of professional literature devoted to classical music but also for films, both documentaries and feature","PeriodicalId":500573,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For centuries societies all over the world have been searching for the ideal of a teacher. As a result of this search, expectations of the profession have changed. In the 19th century people were looking for ways to improve health and living conditions. At that time a movement of hygienists arose, which saw an opportunity to improve the situation in education and school hygiene, and a new teaching speciality was created, i.e. the physical activity teacher. Meanwhile, there was an intense development of sports, among other things, due to the organization of the modern Olympic Games. The above factors contributed to the emergence of a new specialisation in teaching physical education. In the second half of the 20th century, due to more focus on the role of physical education teachers, and above all, as a result of the development of sport, the profession of sports coach emerged. Opinions on the role of physical education teachers and sports coaches have been changing over the years. Not only are the knowledge and skills of the coach important, but also who they are as a specialist, as an educator and as a person. According to the author, the coach should have the player’s best interests at heart in every situation. In addition, it was pointed out that amateur and professional sport are inextricably linked.
{"title":"Changing views on the role of physical education teachers and sports coaches in Polish sports pedagogy literature up to 2015","authors":"Agnieszka Połaniecka","doi":"10.16926/sit.2023.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/sit.2023.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"For centuries societies all over the world have been searching for the ideal of a teacher. As a result of this search, expectations of the profession have changed. In the 19th century people were looking for ways to improve health and living conditions. At that time a movement of hygienists arose, which saw an opportunity to improve the situation in education and school hygiene, and a new teaching speciality was created, i.e. the physical activity teacher. Meanwhile, there was an intense development of sports, among other things, due to the organization of the modern Olympic Games. The above factors contributed to the emergence of a new specialisation in teaching physical education. In the second half of the 20th century, due to more focus on the role of physical education teachers, and above all, as a result of the development of sport, the profession of sports coach emerged. Opinions on the role of physical education teachers and sports coaches have been changing over the years. Not only are the knowledge and skills of the coach important, but also who they are as a specialist, as an educator and as a person. According to the author, the coach should have the player’s best interests at heart in every situation. In addition, it was pointed out that amateur and professional sport are inextricably linked.","PeriodicalId":500573,"journal":{"name":"Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135651063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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