Journal of School Health最新文献_第5页

A New Program for Determining Abnormal Growth Curves in School Health Checkups 一种确定学校健康体检异常生长曲线的新方案。

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Journal of School Health

Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70088

Keisuke Wada, Yuki Kawashima-Sonoyama, Hiroto Abe, Akihiro Toya, Hironori Kobayashi, Takeshi Taketani

Background

In Japan, school health examinations frequently utilize growth curves. This study aimed to develop and validate a custom-designed program that enables the rapid and accurate detection of growth abnormalities in children and adolescents.

Methods

We created a novel screening tool named the Growth Assessment Program for Schools (GAPS), implemented using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) in Microsoft Excel. Using the 2021 school health checkup data (IZUMO 2021; 12,573 students, aged 6–15 years) from Izumo City, we validated the program's accuracy against both the frequently used abnormal growth curve determination program (V4) and an expert review committee.

Results

The GAPS tool enables one-click generation of individualized growth curves and automated identification of abnormal patterns. It successfully detected growth disorders, including cases such as precocious puberty, that were initially overlooked by tV4 (341 cases, 2.9%). Compared to V4, the GAPS tool demonstrated improved sensitivity (0.99) and positive predictive value (0.16), though with a higher false positive rate (0.24).

Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity

GAPS allows for immediate application by school personnel, including non-specialist school physicians, enabling real-time health surveillance and improving the quality of school-based pediatric care.

Conclusion

We developed and validated GAPS, a user-friendly and highly efficient tool for detecting abnormal growth curves in school health settings in Japan. It offers advantages in speed, accuracy, and usability over existing programs. This program also holds potential use in broader populations, provided population-specific growth data are available.

背景：在日本，学校健康检查经常使用生长曲线。本研究旨在开发和验证一个定制设计的程序，该程序能够快速准确地检测儿童和青少年的生长异常。方法：我们创建了一种新的筛选工具，称为学校成长评估程序（GAPS），使用Microsoft Excel中的Visual Basic for Applications （VBA）实现。利用出云市2021年学校健康体检数据（IZUMO 2021; 12,573名6-15岁学生），我们针对常用的异常生长曲线测定程序（V4）和专家评审委员会验证了该程序的准确性。结果：gap工具可以一键生成个性化生长曲线，并自动识别异常模式。它成功地发现了生长障碍，包括性早熟等病例，这是tV4最初忽视的（341例，2.9%）。与V4相比，GAPS工具显示出更高的敏感性（0.99）和阳性预测值（0.16），尽管假阳性率更高（0.24）。对学校卫生政策、实践和公平性的影响：GAPS允许学校人员（包括非专业学校医生）立即应用，从而实现实时健康监测并提高校本儿科护理的质量。结论：我们开发并验证了GAPS，这是一种用户友好且高效的工具，用于检测日本学校卫生机构的异常生长曲线。与现有程序相比，它在速度、准确性和可用性方面具有优势。如果有特定人群的增长数据，该计划也有可能在更广泛的人群中使用。

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引用次数: 0

Missing Care, Missing Class: Analyzing the Overlooked Relationship Between Unmet Healthcare Needs and Absenteeism 缺失关怀、缺失班级：未满足医疗需求与缺勤被忽视的关系分析。

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Journal of School Health

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70082

Wendy Castillo, Jeremy Singer

Background

Health-related issues are perhaps the most common reason for student absences, as nearly every student has missed school due to an illness or injury at some point. Researchers in medicine and education have thoroughly documented the relationship between health and attendance.

Methods

Descriptive trends are analyzed. Ordinary Least Squares regression is applied to the data in the National Survey of Children's Health. Our variable of interest was my child needed care and did not receive it, and our dependent variable was the number of days missed due to illness or injury.

Results

Students who needed healthcare and did not receive it were significantly more likely to miss school due to illness or injury, even after accounting for insurance status, chronic illness, and demographic factors. The most commonly missed types of care were dental, medical, and mental health services.

Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity

These results suggest that improving access to timely healthcare, particularly through school and community initiatives, is an important strategy for reducing chronic absenteeism.

Conclusions

The relationship found in this study remained stable over time even as overall health-related absences have increased since the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings underscore that barriers to care, especially appointment availability and logistical constraints, are not just healthcare system issues but educational ones as well.

背景：与健康有关的问题可能是学生缺课最常见的原因，因为几乎每个学生都因某种程度的疾病或受伤而缺课。医学和教育领域的研究人员已经详细记录了健康和出勤率之间的关系。方法：描述性趋势分析。对全国儿童健康调查数据进行了普通最小二乘回归分析。我们感兴趣的变量是我的孩子需要照顾但没有得到照顾，我们的因变量是由于生病或受伤而缺勤的天数。结果：即使在考虑了保险状况、慢性疾病和人口因素后，需要医疗保健但没有得到医疗保健的学生因疾病或受伤而缺课的可能性明显更高。最常错过的护理类型是牙科、医疗和心理健康服务。对学校卫生政策、实践和公平性的影响：这些结果表明，改善获得及时医疗保健的机会，特别是通过学校和社区倡议，是减少长期缺勤的重要策略。结论：本研究中发现的关系随着时间的推移保持稳定，即使自COVID-19大流行以来，与健康相关的总体缺勤有所增加。这些发现强调了护理的障碍，特别是预约和后勤限制，不仅是医疗保健系统问题，也是教育问题。

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引用次数: 0

Sexual Misconduct Policies in Secondary Schools: A Mixed-Method Analysis of In-Person and Online Behaviors and Consequences 中学性行为不端政策：对面对面和在线行为及其后果的混合方法分析。

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Journal of School Health

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70076

Megan K. Maas, Kyla M. Cary, Jacob Nason, Carrie A. Moylan, Christia S. Brown

Background

As students' use of mobile devices during school hours continues to increase, cyberbullying and online sexual harassment now occur during school hours, on school grounds via personal devices. Despite this growing reality, there is little knowledge about secondary school efforts to address it.

Methods

To understand what is needed to construct or reform policies that reflect students' online experiences, we used a mixed method approach to identify and analyze language (e.g., definitions, disciplinary measures) in sexual misconduct policy documents from a large, representative sample of secondary school districts in a midwestern state.

Results

Although few districts (14.7%) maintained separate or distinct policy documents related to sexual misconduct, the majority (80.9%) defined sexual harassment within a policy document, most commonly within broader codes of conduct or student handbooks. Only 14.1% of districts maintained cyberbullying policies containing information on online sexual misconduct, and approximately one third of districts included discussion of any form of online sexual misconduct within any policy documents.

Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity

Secondary school administrators should address the ever-growing occurrence of online sexual misconduct (and its impact on students) by expanding sexual misconduct policies that detail how online misconduct will not be tolerated and how survivors of digital sexual violence (e.g., image-based sexual abuse) will be protected.

背景：随着学生在上课时间使用移动设备的情况持续增加，网络欺凌和在线性骚扰现在在上课时间通过个人设备在校园内发生。尽管这一日益严重的现实，但人们对中学解决这一问题的努力知之甚少。方法：为了了解构建或改革反映学生在线体验的政策所需的内容，我们使用混合方法方法从中西部州的一个大型代表性中学学区样本中识别和分析性行为不端政策文件中的语言（例如，定义，纪律措施）。结果：虽然少数地区（14.7%）维持与性行为不端相关的单独或不同的政策文件，但大多数地区（80.9%）在政策文件中定义了性骚扰，最常见的是在更广泛的行为准则或学生手册中。只有14.1%的地区制定了包含网上不当性行为信息的网络欺凌政策，大约三分之一的地区在任何政策文件中讨论了任何形式的网上不当性行为。对学校卫生政策、实践和公平的影响：中学管理人员应通过扩大性行为不端政策来解决日益增长的网络性行为不端（及其对学生的影响），详细说明如何不容忍在线不当行为，以及如何保护数字性暴力（例如基于图像的性虐待）的幸存者。

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引用次数: 0

Developing a Validated Family-School Partnership Assessment for Child Health and Well-Being: A Multidimensional Approach 为儿童健康和福祉制定有效的家庭-学校伙伴关系评估：多维方法。

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Journal of School Health

Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70065

Leah M. Lessard, Sara T. Stacy, Carmen M. Culotta, Karen Glueckert

Background

Family-school partnerships (FSPs) play an important role in supporting child health and well-being. The current study aimed to develop and validate a psychometrically sound instrument to assess FSPs within the context of child health.

Methods

The instrument was developed through a mixed-methods three-phased approach, including pilot testing with 105 parent/caregiver (n = 53) and school staff (n = 52) participants. Analytic methods included principal component analysis (PCA) followed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) that used polychoric correlations.

Results

Results of the PCA and EFA analyses refined the instrument to 24 items across two factors: communication, engagement, and culture (14-items), and opportunities and supports for family engagement (10-items).

Implications for School Health Policy and Practice

The Family-School Partnership Assessment (FSPA) offers a validated framework to enhance school health initiatives through improved partnership strategies. The FSPA promotes inclusive practices and structured approaches for collaborative family engagement.

Conclusions

The FSPA is a feasible and psychometrically valid measure for assessing FSPs within the context of child health.

背景：家庭-学校伙伴关系（FSPs）在支持儿童健康和福祉方面发挥重要作用。目前的研究旨在开发和验证一种心理测量学上健全的工具来评估儿童健康背景下的fsp。方法：该工具是通过混合方法的三阶段方法开发的，包括对105名家长/照顾者（n = 53）和学校工作人员（n = 52）的参与者进行试点测试。分析方法包括主成分分析（PCA）和探索性因子分析（EFA）。结果：PCA和EFA分析的结果将工具细化到24个项目，涉及两个因素：沟通、参与和文化（14个项目），以及家庭参与的机会和支持（10个项目）。对学校卫生政策和实践的影响：家庭-学校伙伴关系评估（FSPA）提供了一个有效的框架，通过改进伙伴关系战略来加强学校卫生倡议。FSPA提倡包容的做法和结构化的方法来促进家庭合作。结论：在儿童健康的背景下，FSPA是一种可行且心理测量有效的评估FSPs的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Student and Staff Knowledge of School Tobacco Policies and Student E-Cigarette Use, California 2022–2023 学生和工作人员的学校烟草政策和学生电子烟的使用知识，加州2022-2023。

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Journal of School Health

Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70077

Shichen Zheng, Susan L. Stewart, Elisa K. Tong, Theresa H. Keegan, Melanie S. Dove

Background

Since 2016, California has prohibited e-cigarette use alongside smoking in K-12 schools. School tobacco policies may reduce student e-cigarette use.

Methods

We analyzed 2022 to 2023 California Healthy Kids Survey (CHKS) and School Staff Survey data (n = 219,114). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between student and staff awareness of school tobacco policies and current e-cigarette use, adjusting for demographics.

Results

Among students, 5.2% reported current e-cigarette use; 69.6% knew of a school policy. Most staff knew the policy (91.2%), but fewer endorsed consistent enforcement (88.2%) or prevention education (61.7%). Compared to students reporting no policy, those aware of one (OR = 0.54, p < 0.0001) or unsure (OR = 0.40, p < 0.0001) had lower use. Higher staff knowledge was associated with increased use (OR = 1.2, p = 0.0199), while enforcement agreement was associated with lower use (OR = 0.81, p = 0.0019).

Conclusions

Student knowledge and staff perceptions of policy enforcement were associated with lower e-cigarette use. Findings suggest that consistent enforcement and school-wide communication, not just policy presence, are essential for impact.

Implications

Improving policy visibility and staff training on enforcement may strengthen school policies and reduce tobacco use.

背景：自2016年以来，加州禁止在K-12学校吸烟的同时使用电子烟。学校的烟草政策可能会减少学生使用电子烟。方法：分析2022 - 2023年加州健康儿童调查（CHKS）和学校教职员调查数据（n = 219,114）。使用多变量逻辑回归来检查学生和工作人员对学校烟草政策的认识与当前电子烟使用之间的关系，并根据人口统计学进行调整。结果：在学生中，5.2%的人报告目前使用电子烟；69.6%知道学校的政策。大多数员工知道该政策（91.2%），但赞同持续执行（88.2%）或预防教育（61.7%）的员工较少。与报告没有政策的学生相比，那些知道政策的学生（OR = 0.54, p）结论：学生的知识和工作人员对政策执行的看法与较低的电子烟使用有关。调查结果表明，持续的执法和全校范围的沟通，而不仅仅是政策的存在，对影响至关重要。影响：提高政策的可见度和对工作人员的执法培训可以加强学校政策并减少烟草使用。

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引用次数: 0

Community Violence Exposure and Fear in Schools: Paths to Suspension Following Community Violence Exposure in Early Childhood 社区暴力暴露与学校恐惧：儿童早期社区暴力暴露后的停学途径。

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Journal of School Health

Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70083

Abigail S. Novak, Rebekah Reysen

Background

Limited research has examined whether fear in schools contributes to relationships between community violence exposure and negative outcomes for children. This study aimed to explore the relationship between community violence exposure in early childhood and school suspension, examining whether fear in schools and teacher-reported externalizing behavior mediated this relationship.

Methods

Data from the LONGSCAN consortium and path models were used to examine the relationship between violence exposure at age six, fear in schools at age six, teacher-reported externalizing behaviors at age eight, and suspension ages 11–12.

Results

Findings indicated both fear in schools and teacher-reported externalizing behavior mediated the relationship between violence exposure and school suspension.

Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity

Findings suggest policies prohibiting suspension in childhood and the provision of additional services in schools may help prevent children who are exposed to community violence from experiencing school suspension and its associated consequences. Trauma-informed schools, increased provision of mental health services, and increasing school bonds may all help to reduce school fear and ultimately improve student outcomes, particularly for minoritized students.

Conclusions

Future research using larger, more generalizable data is needed to better understand detected relationships.

背景：有限的研究调查了学校的恐惧是否有助于社区暴力暴露与儿童的负面结果之间的关系。本研究旨在探讨儿童早期社区暴力暴露与休学之间的关系，考察学校恐惧和教师报告的外化行为是否介导了这种关系。方法：使用LONGSCAN联盟的数据和路径模型来检验6岁时的暴力暴露、6岁时的学校恐惧、8岁时教师报告的外化行为和11-12岁的停学之间的关系。结果：学校恐惧和教师报告的外化行为在暴力暴露与停学之间起中介作用。对学校卫生政策、做法和公平的影响：调查结果表明，禁止儿童休学的政策和在学校提供额外服务可能有助于防止遭受社区暴力的儿童遭受休学及其相关后果。了解创伤的学校，增加心理健康服务的提供，以及增加学校之间的联系，都可能有助于减少对学校的恐惧，并最终改善学生的成绩，特别是对少数族裔学生。结论：未来的研究需要使用更大、更一般化的数据来更好地理解检测到的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Opioid Overdose Response and Naloxone Education in Schools 阿片类药物过量反应与学校纳洛酮教育。

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Journal of School Health

Pub Date : 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70089

Suhanee Mitragotri, Scott G. Weiner

Background

The opioid crisis continues to claim lives across the United States, which has led to increased attention toward harm reduction strategies as methods for addressing this public health issue. Specifically, naloxone, an opioid overdose reversal drug, became available over-the-counter in 2023, greatly improving its accessibility. However, despite this progress, general awareness about how to use naloxone remains limited, especially among youth who are being increasingly impacted by the opioid epidemic.

Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity

Integrating opioid overdose response and naloxone education into high school health curricula is a promising strategy to equip students with the knowledge to recognize the signs of an overdose and respond effectively. Pilot programs and trainings have already demonstrated the effectiveness of such educational initiatives. However, widespread implementation of such education remains a challenge without broader community support and systemic action. For this reason, policy-level interventions, such as those being done in Texas, Virginia, Colorado, and Massachusetts, could play a crucial role in bridging this gap and implementing life-saving education into classrooms.

背景：阿片类药物危机继续在美国各地夺去生命，这导致人们更加关注减少危害战略，以此作为解决这一公共卫生问题的方法。具体来说，阿片类药物过量逆转药物纳洛酮在2023年成为非处方药，大大提高了其可及性。然而，尽管取得了这一进展，但对如何使用纳洛酮的普遍认识仍然有限，特别是在受到阿片类药物流行日益影响的青年中。对学校卫生政策、实践和公平的影响：将阿片类药物过量反应和纳洛酮教育纳入高中卫生课程是一种很有前途的策略，可以使学生掌握认识过量迹象并有效应对的知识。试点项目和培训已经证明了这种教育举措的有效性。然而，如果没有更广泛的社区支持和系统行动，这种教育的广泛实施仍然是一项挑战。因此，政策层面的干预措施，例如在德克萨斯州、弗吉尼亚州、科罗拉多州和马萨诸塞州正在进行的干预措施，可以在弥合这一差距和在课堂上实施救生教育方面发挥关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

A Novel Survey for Assessing Health-Promoting School Practices and Capacity: Validation and Adaptability to Physical Activity 一项评估促进健康学校实践和能力的新调查：身体活动的有效性和适应性。

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Journal of School Health

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70071

Anneke Vang Hjort, Adrian Bauman, Sofie Rolff Carlsen, Johanne Triantafyllou Lorenzen, Charlotte Demant Klinker

Background

Understanding current practice is crucial for implementing Health Promoting Schools (HPS) and Whole School Approaches to Physical Activity (WSA-PA). This study validated two survey tools to assess HPS and WSA-PA implementation, respectively.

Methods

Content validity was established via literature review and expert and target group consultations. Teachers at Danish schools for vulnerable youth (ages 16–25) completed surveys in fall 2023. Structural validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, construct validity via the Multitrait-Multimethod (MTMM) approach, and reliability with Cronbach's Alpha, Omega H, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient.

Results

A total of 921 staff at 78 schools participated (72% response rate). The HPS scale had 24 items, while the WSA-PA had 21 across various subfactors, such as school ethos, health services, and resources. Statistical analyses demonstrated good structural validity (e.g., RMSEA = 0.023 for HPS, RMSEA = 0.043 for WSA-PA) and acceptable reliability. MTMM confirmed both convergent and discriminant validity.

Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity

These tools can help schools monitor and improve HPS and WSA-PA implementation, supporting equity and informing national policies.

Conclusion

The validated tools can guide schools in enhancing HPS and WSA-PA practices. Further research should refine these instruments.

背景：了解当前的实践对于实施健康促进学校（HPS）和全校体育活动方法（WSA-PA）至关重要。本研究分别验证了两种评估HPS和WSA-PA实施情况的调查工具。方法：通过文献回顾、专家咨询和目标群体咨询建立内容效度。丹麦弱势青年学校（16-25岁）的教师于2023年秋季完成了调查。结构效度采用验证性因子分析，结构效度采用多性状-多方法（MTMM），信度采用Cronbach’s Alpha、Omega H和类内相关系数。结果：78所学校共921名教职工参与调查，回复率72%。HPS量表有24个项目，而WSA-PA量表在学校风气、卫生服务和资源等各个子因素上有21个项目。统计分析显示了良好的结构效度（例如，HPS的RMSEA = 0.023， WSA-PA的RMSEA = 0.043）和可接受的信度。MTMM证实了收敛效度和区别效度。对学校卫生政策、实践和公平性的影响：这些工具可以帮助学校监测和改进HPS和WSA-PA的实施，支持公平性并为国家政策提供信息。结论：经过验证的工具可以指导学校加强HPS和WSA-PA实践。进一步的研究应该改进这些工具。

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引用次数: 0

Measuring Australian Primary School Children's Water Safety Knowledge: Alignment With the Victorian Water Safety Certificate 测量澳大利亚小学生的水安全知识：与维多利亚州水安全证书对齐。

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Journal of School Health

Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70081

Lauren Petrass, Hannah Calverley, Bernadette Matthews

Background

Water safety education is essential to prevent drowning. In Australia, while water safety education is included in the school curriculum, the focus is often on skill attainment rather than knowledge.

Methods

This study assessed water safety knowledge in Grade 5 and 6 students (aged 9–11 years). Surveys were conducted with students and parents. Additionally, swim teachers conducted standardized knowledge assessments.

Results

Matched surveys were completed by 99 students and their parents. Students' mean knowledge score was 8.7 (SD = 2.4) out of 15. Private swimming lessons and speaking English at home were linked to higher knowledge scores. Only 55.6% of students achieved the knowledge standards in swim teacher assessments. Parents overestimated their child's knowledge in 42.1% of cases, underestimated it in 31.6%, and accurately assessed it in 26.3% of cases.

Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity

Water safety knowledge gaps are notable for students who lack swimming lessons or speak a language other than English at home, suggesting a need for tailored approaches. Educators face challenges integrating water safety education into classroom learning, highlighting the need for resources and support.

Conclusions

Ongoing support and resources for teachers are essential to ensure all children develop essential water safety knowledge and skills.

背景：水上安全教育对预防溺水至关重要。在澳大利亚，虽然水上安全教育被纳入学校课程，但重点往往是技能的获得，而不是知识。方法：本研究对五、六年级（9 ~ 11岁）学生的水安全知识进行评估。对学生和家长进行了调查。此外，游泳教师还进行了标准化的知识评估。结果：99名学生及其家长完成了问卷调查。学生的平均知识得分为8.7分（SD = 2.4）。私人游泳课和在家说英语与更高的知识分数有关。只有55.6%的学生达到了游泳教师评估的知识标准。42.1%的家长高估了孩子的知识，31.6%的家长低估了孩子的知识，26.3%的家长准确地评估了孩子的知识。对学校卫生政策、实践和公平的影响：对于缺乏游泳课或在家说英语以外语言的学生来说，水安全知识差距明显，这表明需要采取量身定制的方法。教育工作者面临着将水安全教育纳入课堂学习的挑战，这突出了对资源和支持的需求。结论：为教师提供持续的支持和资源对于确保所有儿童掌握基本的水安全知识和技能至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of State-Level Physical Education Policies on PE Access in the United States: A Comparative Analysis of Policy Implementation and Weekly PE Minutes 美国州级体育政策对体育普及的影响：政策实施与每周体育分钟的比较分析

IF 1.8 4区医学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Journal of School Health

Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1111/josh.70079

Jeanette M. Ricci, Ben D. Kern, Chad M. Killian, Alan Trinh, Wesley J. Wilson, Hans van der Mars

Background

State policies play a key role in the provision of physical education (PE) opportunities at the district and school level.

Methods

An analysis was conducted on how states in the United States with various PE policies differ in terms of PE access as a measure of policy implementation. PE access for students was reported by 3306 K—5th grade PE teachers across all 51 states.

Results

State-level adherence to six key PE policies varied from 23% to 100%. Teachers in states with a policy requiring a minimum number of weekly PE minutes reported significantly greater average PE access compared to states with no policy (M = 99.67, SD = 26.30 min/week, M = 81.15, SD = 19.25 min/week, respectively; t(49) = 2.88, p < 0.01). There was no difference in PE access for students with disabilities between states with or without an Adapted Physical Education (APE) endorsement (t(49) = 0.54, p = 0.30).

Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity

Based on study findings, mandating PE instructional time at the state level may be a strategy to promote PE access among schools in the United States.

Conclusions

The presence of certain state-level PE policies positively impacts PE access for elementary students.

背景：国家政策在地区和学校层面提供体育教育（PE）机会方面发挥着关键作用。方法：分析了美国不同PE政策的州在PE准入方面的差异，作为政策实施的衡量标准。全美51个州的3306名k -5年级体育教师报告了学生的体育机会。结果：州一级对六项关键PE政策的依从性从23%到100%不等。与没有相关政策的州相比，有政策要求每周最低体育课时的州的教师报告的平均体育课时显著增加（M = 99.67, SD = 26.30分钟/周，M = 81.15, SD = 19.25分钟/周）；t(49) = 2.88， p对学校健康政策、实践和公平的影响：根据研究结果，在州一级强制规定体育教学时间可能是促进美国学校体育课时的一种策略。结论：某些国家级体育政策的存在正向影响小学生的体育获取。

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