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Phylogeography and genetic population structure of the endangered bitterling Acheilognathus tabira tabira Jordan & Thompson, 1914 (Cyprinidae) in western Honshu, Japan, inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences 从线粒体 DNA 序列推断日本本州西部濒危苦丁鱼 Acheilognathus tabira tabira Jordan & Thompson, 1914 (鲤科)的系统地理学和遗传种群结构
Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.56.111745
Gen Ito, Naoto Koyama, Ryota Noguchi, Ryoichi Tabata, Seigo Kawase, J. Kitamura, Yasunori Koya
We examined the genetic population structure of the endangered freshwater cyprinid Acheilognathus tabira tabira in the Japanese archipelago, which has only been analyzed in limited sampling in previous studies, based on cytochrome b region of the mitochondrial gene. We confirmed the existence of the same three lineages determined in the previous study, the natural distribution area of Lineage I and II+III were considered to be the Seto Inland Sea and Ise Bay regions, respectively. Furthermore, the Seto Inland Sea region population was divided into five groups inhabiting neighboring water systems using the spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA). We estimated that populations in the Seto Inland Sea region migrated through a single paleowater system during the last glacial period and were then separated and genetically differentiated due to marine transgression. The Yoshino River system population was estimated to be a non-native population because it belonged to the same group as the Lake Biwa-Yodo River system, which is the only separate water system across the Seto Inland Sea. This study provides new evidence of genetic differentiation in A. t. tabira populations within the Seto Inland Sea region, where genetic differentiation has not been detected in previous studies, corresponding to five different groups by significantly increasing the number of individuals and sites compared with previous studies. Therefore, we propose these five groups as conservation units in the Seto Inland Sea region.
我们基于线粒体基因细胞色素 b 区,研究了日本列岛濒危淡水鲤科鱼类 Acheilognathus tabira tabira 的遗传种群结构。我们确认了之前研究中确定的三个品系的存在,并认为品系 I 和 II+III 的自然分布区分别是濑户内海和伊势湾地区。此外,利用分子方差空间分析法(SAMOVA)将濑户内海地区的种群划分为栖息在邻近水系的五个群。我们推测,濑户内海地区的种群在末次冰川时期通过单一的古水系迁移,然后由于海洋变迁而分离并产生遗传分化。吉野川水系种群与琵琶湖-淀川水系属于同一族群,而琵琶湖-淀川水系是横跨濑户内海的唯一独立水系,因此吉野川水系种群被估计为非本地种群。本研究提供了濑户内海地区 A. t. tabira 种群遗传分化的新证据,与之前的研究相比,本研究显著增加了个体数量和地点数量,从而对应于五个不同的群体。因此,我们建议将这五个群体作为濑户内海地区的保护单位。
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引用次数: 0
Amphibians and reptiles of the Transvolcanic Belt biogeographic province of Mexico: diversity, similarities, and conservation 墨西哥跨火山带生物地理区的两栖动物和爬行动物:多样性、相似性和保护
Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.56.125561
J. Lemos‐Espinal, Geoffrey R. Smith
The Transvolcanic Belt (TVB) of Mexico is a biogeographic province of significant biodiversity, acting as a transition zone between eastern and western Mexico. Using available literature, we collected species lists for amphibians and reptiles in Mexican states within the TVB biogeographic province, updating them with additional literature. The TVB is home to 427 native species of amphibians and reptiles, 154 amphibians and 273 reptiles, which represent 30.5% of the species of amphibians and reptiles in Mexico. The TVB also houses 50 endemic species, with 84 species listed by the IUCN. Threats include habitat destruction and pollution. The TVB shares a significant portion of its amphibian and reptile species with neighboring provinces, particularly the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Sierra Madre del Sur, suggesting a mixture of species from both eastern and western Mexico. Cluster analyses based on species composition reveal distinct groupings of provinces, with the TVB forming a cluster with the Sierra Madre Oriental, Veracruzan, and Sierra Madre del Sur for both amphibians and reptiles. Conservation assessments indicate that a significant proportion of the amphibian and reptile species in the TVB are at risk, primarily due to habitat loss from urbanization, agriculture, and pollution. Urgent conservation actions are needed to protect the unique herpetofauna of the TVB from further decline.
墨西哥跨火山带(TVB)是一个具有重要生物多样性的生物地理区,是墨西哥东部和西部的过渡地带。利用现有文献,我们收集了 TVB 生物地理省内墨西哥各州的两栖动物和爬行动物物种清单,并根据其他文献进行了更新。TVB 是 427 种两栖类和爬行类本地物种、154 种两栖类和 273 种爬行类的家园,占墨西哥两栖类和爬行类物种的 30.5%。TVB 还拥有 50 种特有物种,其中 84 种已被世界自然保护联盟列入名录。面临的威胁包括栖息地遭到破坏和污染。TVB 有很大一部分两栖动物和爬行动物物种与邻近省份共享,尤其是东马德雷山脉和南马德雷山脉,这表明这里混合了墨西哥东部和西部的物种。根据物种组成进行的聚类分析显示,各省之间存在明显的分组,在两栖动物和爬行动物方面,TVB 与东马德雷山脉、韦拉克鲁斯和南马德雷山脉形成了一个聚类。保护评估表明,TVB 的两栖类和爬行类物种中有很大一部分濒临灭绝,主要原因是城市化、农业和污染导致栖息地丧失。需要采取紧急保护行动,以保护 TVB 独特的爬行动物群,防止其进一步减少。
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引用次数: 0
Under the lion’s paw: lion farming in South Africa and the illegal international bone trade 狮爪之下:南非的狮子养殖和非法国际骨头贸易
Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.56.124555
Angie Elwin, Eyob Asfaw, Neil D’Cruze
The African lion Panthera leo is subject to numerous anthropogenic pressures across its natural range. In South Africa, although free ranging populations are increasing, the number of lions in captivity in private commercial facilities far outnumber those in the wild. South Africa’s captive lion industry was reportedly created primarily to generate income and take pressure off wild populations through the supply of captive-bred lions for trophy hunting. However, the industry has become a highly contentious topic under ongoing international scrutiny and debate. Here, we present new information from direct interviews with workers at two closed-access lion facilities located in North West Province, on how some facilities continue to use legal activities, such as captive breeding and hunting, to facilitate their involvement in the illegal international felid bone trade. The sources also report other illegal and unethical activities including animal welfare violations, unsafe conditions for workers, potential shifts to the commercial exploitation of other felid species such as tigers Panthera tigris and incidents involving poaching of captive lions and tigers by non-affiliated actors. Sources described how some facilities use various tools and tactics, such as security cameras, patrols and messaging apps to avoid detection during inspections. If the South African Government is to be successful in meeting its publicly stated goal of ending the captive lion industry, a comprehensive well-managed plan to transition away from current practices is required. To aid enforcement, the industry should also be fully audited, with all facilities officially registered, a moratorium on the breeding of lions and plans put in place to prevent the stockpiling of lion bones.
非洲狮(Panthera leo)在其自然分布范围内承受着众多人为压力。在南非,虽然自由放养的狮子数量在增加,但在私人商业设施中圈养的狮子数量远远超过野生狮子。据报道,南非建立人工饲养狮子产业的主要目的是通过为狩猎战利品提供人工饲养的狮子来创造收入并减轻野生种群的压力。然而,该产业已成为一个极具争议的话题,受到国际社会的持续关注和争论。在这里,我们通过直接采访位于西北省的两家封闭式狮子饲养场的工作人员,了解到一些饲养场如何继续利用圈养繁殖和狩猎等合法活动,为参与非法的国际猫科动物骨骼贸易提供便利。消息来源还报告了其他非法和不道德的活动,包括违反动物福利、工人的不安全条件、可能转向对老虎等其他猫科动物物种的商业开发,以及涉及非附属行为者偷猎圈养狮子和老虎的事件。消息来源描述了一些设施如何使用各种工具和策略,如安全摄像头、巡逻和信息应用程序,以避免在检查中被发现。南非政府要想成功实现其公开宣布的终止圈养狮子业的目标,就必须制定一项管理完善的综合计划,以摆脱目前的做法。为了帮助执法,还应对该行业进行全面审计,对所有设施进行正式登记,暂停狮子繁殖,并制定计划防止狮骨囤积。
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引用次数: 0
Building a global-oriented ecological civilization: Huzhou’s actions and practice, China 建设面向全球的生态文明:中国湖州的行动与实践
Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.55.121941
Pengcheng Ye, Xiao Zhao, Jianyong Wu
Biodiversity, ecosystems and the services they provide are crucial to the sustainable development of cities, the health and well-being of residents and the maintenance of urban ecological security. The continued decline of global species biodiversity and ecosystem service function has seriously affected the sustainable development of regional social economy. The core of ecological civilization thought is sustainable development, and promoting sustainable development is also the path and means to achieve ecological civilization. As the significant birthplace of ecological civilization thought of “Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets”, Huzhou has always been committed to creating an “important window” for building an ecological civilization and actively integrating biodiversity conservation into ecological conservation. Through unremitting efforts in recent decades, Huzhou has successfully achieved green sustainable development and reversed the trend of biodiversity loss. Thus, there is a need for a systematic review of successful initiatives in this region and identify the experiences and methods that can advance the sustainable development also in other parts of the world.
生物多样性、生态系统及其提供的服务对城市的可持续发展、居民的健康和福祉以及维护城市生态安全至关重要。全球物种多样性和生态系统服务功能的持续下降,严重影响了区域社会经济的可持续发展。生态文明思想的核心是可持续发展,促进可持续发展也是实现生态文明的路径和手段。湖州作为 "绿水青山就是金山银山 "生态文明思想的重要发源地,一直致力于打造生态文明建设的 "重要窗口",积极将生物多样性保护融入生态保护之中。经过近几十年的不懈努力,湖州成功实现了绿色可持续发展,扭转了生物多样性丧失的趋势。因此,有必要对这一地区的成功举措进行系统梳理,找出能够推动世界其他地区可持续发展的经验和方法。
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引用次数: 0
Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees: resilience to pollution caused by stone quarries Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees:对采石场污染的适应能力
Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.55.124893
A. Petruș-Vancea, Daniela Nicoleta Pop, F. Sucea, A. Dumbrava, Simona Ioana Vicaș, O. Stănășel, Traian Octavian Costea, Diana Cupșa
This study aimed to analyze the effect of pollution caused by stone quarries on the morpho-anatomy, biochemistry, and physiology of a medicinal wild bramble Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees. Samples were collected from two natural protected areas: Iron Gates Natural Park and Jiu Gorge National Park, both located in the southwestern part of Romania, and two unpolluted areas from these parks as background sites. We carried out the following analyses on the collected leaves of this taxon: morphology, micromorphology, anatomy, assimilating pigments, heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Cr, Fe), dry mass, bioactive compounds (total phenols and flavonoids), and antioxidant capacity. The results showed more stomata, higher amounts of assimilating pigments, higher amounts of heavy metals (especially lead), less dry mass, less phenols, and more flavonoids in Rubus plicatus leaves from polluted areas compared to areas without sources of pollution. The increased number of stomata and the amounts of assimilator pigments revealed the mechanisms developed by this species in order to survive in polluted conditions.
本研究旨在分析采石场污染对药用野生荆芥(Rubus plicatus Weihe & Nees)形态解剖学、生物化学和生理学的影响。样本采集自两个自然保护区:样本采集自两个自然保护区:铁门自然公园和九峡谷国家公园(均位于罗马尼亚西南部),以及这两个公园中两个未受污染的区域作为背景地点。我们对收集到的该类群的叶片进行了以下分析:形态学、微形态学、解剖学、同化色素、重金属(铅、镍、铬、铁)、干重、生物活性化合物(总酚和类黄酮)以及抗氧化能力。结果表明,与无污染源地区相比,污染地区的茜草叶片气孔更多,同化色素含量更高,重金属(尤其是铅)含量更高,干重更轻,酚类更少,类黄酮含量更高。气孔数量和同化色素含量的增加揭示了该物种在污染条件下生存的机制。
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引用次数: 0
Applying landscape ecological principles in comprehensive landscape protection: Šumava National Park as a case study 在综合景观保护中应用景观生态原则:舒马瓦国家公园案例研究
Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.55.119797
Tomáš Janík, Dušan Romportl, Z. Křenová
In the face of ongoing anthropogenic pressure and biodiversity loss, there is a need to protect nature more effectively. Therefore, we propose a comprehensive and consecutive approach utilising landscape ecological principles and methods for effective landscape protection and spatial nature conservation. Methods applicable in various conditions are exemplified through case studies from the Šumava National Park, the largest NP in Czechia. Using a set of spatial environmental, landscape ecological and geographical data we can: Characterise the area of interest from the physical-geographical, socioeconomic, and management point of view to create the concept´s framework and review important background information for analysis of the area. Therefore, the key factors for landscape protection and biodiversity conservation are defined. Analyse trends and processes of landscape dynamics in terms of land cover, landscape structure and habitat fragmentation and connectivity, which helps us to set main objectives of landscape protection and nature conservation. Use data about environment conditions and key species and habitat occurrence to model habitat suitability, identify their suitable areas, and thus improve their protection. As a result, areas of high conservation value are distinguished. Synthetize outputs of the above-mentioned steps and prioritise the target goals of landscape protection and biodiversity conservation in the area of interest. This leads to the effective zonation, which is a necessary condition for the application of appropriate management measures.
面对持续的人为压力和生物多样性的丧失,有必要更有效地保护自然。因此,我们提出了一种综合、连续的方法,利用景观生态学原理和方法进行有效的景观保护和空间自然保护。通过对捷克最大的国家公园--Šumava 国家公园的案例研究,展示了适用于各种条件的方法。利用一系列空间环境、景观生态和地理数据,我们可以从自然地理、社会经济和管理角度描述相关区域的特征,以创建概念框架并回顾分析该区域的重要背景信息。因此,确定了景观保护和生物多样性保护的关键因素。从土地覆盖、景观结构、栖息地破碎化和连通性等方面分析景观动态的趋势和过程,这有助于我们制定景观保护和自然保护的主要目标。利用有关环境条件、主要物种和栖息地出现情况的数据,建立栖息地适宜性模型,确定其适宜区域,从而加强保护。因此,高保护价值区域得以区分。综合上述步骤的结果,确定相关地区景观保护和生物多样性保护目标的优先次序。这将导致有效的分区,而有效的分区是采取适当管理措施的必要条件。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial distribution models and biodiversity of phytoplankton cysts in the Black Sea 黑海浮游植物囊胞的空间分布模式和生物多样性
Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.55.121181
Nina Dzhembekova, I. Zlateva, F. Rubino, Manuel Belmonte, Valentina Doncheva, Ivan Popov, S. Moncheva
The current study employed diverse statistical and machine learning techniques to investigate the biodiversity and spatial distribution of phytoplankton cysts in the Black Sea. The MaxEnt distribution modeling technique was used to forecast the habitat suitability for the cysts of three potentially toxic microalgal taxa (Lingulodinium polyedra, Polykrikos hartmannii, and Alexandrium spp.). The key variables controlling the habitat suitability of Alexandrium spp. and L. polyedra were nitrates and temperature, while for the P. hartmannii cysts, nitrates and salinity. The region with the highest likelihood of L. polyedra cyst occurrence appears to be in the western coastal and shelf waters, which coincides with the areas where L. polyedra red tides have been documented. The projected habitat suitability of the examined species partially overlapped, perhaps as a result of their cohabitation within the phytoplankton community and shared preferences for specific environmental conditions, demonstrating similar survival strategies. The north-western region of the Black Sea was found to be the most suitable environment for the studied potentially toxic species, presumably posing a greater risk for the onset of blooming events. Two distinct aspects of cysts’ ecology and settlement were observed: the dispersal of cysts concerns their movement within the water column from one place to another prior to settling, while habitat suitability pertains to the particular environment required for their survival, growth, and germination. Therefore, it is crucial to validate the model in order to accurately determine a suitable habitat as well as understand the transportation patterns linked to the particular hydrodynamic properties of the water column and the distinct features of the local environment.
目前的研究采用了多种统计和机器学习技术来研究黑海浮游植物孢囊的生物多样性和空间分布。MaxEnt 分布建模技术用于预测三种潜在有毒微藻类群(Lingulodinium polyedra、Polykrikos hartmannii 和 Alexandrium spp.)孢囊的栖息地适宜性。控制亚历山大藻类和多角藻类栖息地适宜性的关键变量是硝酸盐和温度,而控制哈特曼藻类包囊栖息地适宜性的关键变量是硝酸盐和盐度。发生多角体囊虫的可能性最大的区域似乎是西部沿海和陆架水域,这与记录到多角体囊虫赤潮的区域相吻合。所研究物种的预计栖息地适宜性部分重叠,这可能是由于它们在浮游植物群落中同居,对特定环境条件有共同的偏好,表现出相似的生存策略。研究发现,黑海西北部地区最适合所研究的潜在有毒物种生存,这可能会给藻华事件的发生带来更大的风险。研究人员观察到了孢囊生态学和沉降的两个不同方面:孢囊的扩散涉及其在沉降前在水体中从一个地方到另一个地方的移动,而栖息地的适宜性则涉及其生存、生长和发芽所需的特定环境。因此,必须对模型进行验证,以便准确确定合适的栖息地,并了解与水体的特殊水动力特性和当地环境的明显特征有关的运输模式。
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling prey preferences of endangered wild Malayan tiger, Panthera tigris jacksoni, in Peninsular Malaysia through scat analysis via COI DNA metabarcoding 通过 COI DNA 代谢编码进行粪便分析,揭示马来西亚半岛濒危野生马来亚虎(Panthera tigris jacksoni)的猎物偏好
Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.55.114211
Millawati Gani, F. Sitam, Zubaidah Kamarudin, Siti Suzana Selamat, Nik Mohd Zamani Awang, H. N. Muhd-Sahimi, Michael Wong, Baharim Selat, Nur Fatin Khairunnisa Abdullah-Halim, Lim Shu Yong, Ling Fong Yoke, S. Yaakop, A. R. Mohd-Ridwan, B. M. Md-Zain
Understanding the prey preference of Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni) in Malaysia is important to guide conservation planning initiatives. The utilisation of DNA metabarcoding provides valuable insights, particularly in the field of carnivora diet research. This technique has been proven to be effective for identifying various species within complex mixtures such as scat materials, where visual identification is challenging. The Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) locus has been selected as it is a widely used as an effective non-invasive approach for diet studies. Hence, given this advance approach, Malayan tiger scats were collected on the basis of existing records of their presence in two types of habitats, namely, protected areas (PA) and human–tiger conflict (HTC) areas. This study aimed to identify prey species in Peninsular Malaysia, based on Malayan tiger scat samples using DNA metabarcoding. Based on the partial mitochondrial COI region, DNA metabarcoding led to the taxonomic resolution of prey DNA remnants in scats and the identification of prey species consumed by Malayan tiger, which were predominately small-to-medium-sized prey, including livestock. The dominant DNA prey detected belongs to the family Canidae, followed by Bovidae, Vespertilionidae, Homonidae, Felidae, Phasianidae and Muridae. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in alpha and beta diversity using the Shannon index and PERMANOVA with regard to prey richness and evenness in two different habitat groups, namely, PA and HTC. Our finding provides insights into Malayan tiger dietary requirements, which can be used to develop conservation plans and strategies for Malayan tiger, particularly for habitat priorities.
了解马来西亚马来亚虎(Panthera tigris jacksoni)对猎物的偏好对于指导保护规划活动非常重要。DNA 代谢编码的使用提供了宝贵的见解,尤其是在食肉动物饮食研究领域。这项技术已被证明可以有效地识别复杂混合物(如粪便材料)中的各种物种,而肉眼识别在这些混合物中是具有挑战性的。之所以选择细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 I(COI)位点,是因为它作为一种有效的非侵入性方法被广泛用于食性研究。因此,鉴于这种先进的方法,马来亚虎的粪便是根据现有的马来亚虎在两类栖息地,即保护区(PA)和人虎冲突区(HTC)的存在记录收集的。这项研究的目的是根据马来亚虎的粪便样本,利用DNA代谢编码来识别马来西亚半岛的猎物物种。基于部分线粒体COI区域,DNA代谢标定法对粪便中残留的猎物DNA进行了分类解析,并确定了马来亚虎食用的猎物种类,其中主要是中小型猎物,包括家畜。检测到的主要猎物DNA属于犬科,其次是牛科、鼬科、猿科、猫科、雉科和鼠科。使用香农指数和 PERMANOVA 对两个不同栖息地组(即 PA 和 HTC)的猎物丰富度和均匀度进行分析,观察到阿尔法和贝塔多样性存在明显差异(p < 0.05)。我们的研究结果提供了马来亚虎对食物需求的洞察力,可用于制定马来亚虎的保护计划和策略,特别是栖息地的优先次序。
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引用次数: 0
Paleoclimate changes and ecosystem responses of the Bulgarian Black Sea zone during the last 26000 years 过去 26000 年保加利亚黑海地区的古气候变化和生态系统反应
Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.55.121842
M. Filipova-Marinova, D. Pavlov, K. Slavova
Multi-proxy analysis (spore-pollen, dinoflagellate cysts, other non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), radiocarbon dating and lithology) was performed on marine sediments from three new cores retrieved during the two cruise expeditions on board the Research Vessel “Akademik” in 2009 and 2011. The Varna transect comprises three cores extending from the outer shelf, continental slope and deep-water zone. The record spans the last 26000 years (all ages obtained in this study are given in calendar years BP (cal. yrs BP)). The pollen record reveals the spreading of steppe vegetation dominated by Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae, suggesting cold and dry environments during the Late Pleniglacial – Oldest Dryas (25903–15612 cal. yrs BP). Stands of Pinus and Quercus reflect warming/humidity increase during the melting pulses (19.2–14.5 cal. ka BP) and the Late Glacial interstadials Bølling and Allerød. The Younger Dryas (13257–11788 cal. yrs BP) coldest and driest environments are clearly demonstrated by the maximum relative abundance of Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae. During the Early Holocene (Preboreal and Boreal chronozones, 11788–8004 cal. yrs BP), Quercus appeared as a pioneer species and, along with other temperate deciduous arboreal taxa, formed open deciduous forests as a response to the increased temperature. The rapid expansion of these taxa indicates that they survived in Glacial refugia in the coastal mountains. During the Atlantic chronozone (8004–5483 cal. yrs BP), optimal climate conditions (high humidity and increased mean annual temperatures) stimulated the establishment of species-rich mixed temperate deciduous forests. During the Subboreal chronozone (5483–2837 cal. yrs BP), Carpinus betulus and Fagus expanded simultaneously and became more important components of mixed oak forests and probably also formed separate communities. During the Subatlantic chronozone (2837 cal. yrs BP to pre-industrial time), climate-driven changes (an increase of humidity and a cooling of the climate) appear to be the main drivers of the specific vegetation succession expressed by increased abundance of Alnus, Fraxinus excelsior and Salix along with lianas, suggesting formation of flooded riparian forests (so called ‘Longoz’) lining the river valleys along the Black Sea coast. The first indicators of farming and other human activities have been recorded since 7074 cal. yrs BP. The dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) assemblages have been analysed to assess the changes in the Black Sea environment over the last 26000 years in terms of fluctuation in paleoproduction and surface water conditions related to changes in climate, freshwater input and Mediterranean water intrusion. Two major dinocyst assemblages were distinguished: one dominated by stenohaline freshwater/brackish-water species and a successive one dominated by euryhaline marine species. The changes in the composition of the assemblages occurred at 7668 cal. yrs BP. The abrupt decrease of stenohaline freshwater/brack
我们的化石花粉和恐龙囊数据证实,与 "8.2 ka 寒冷事件 "相关的高振幅温度异常也可能发生在欧洲东南部,即黑海西部沿海地区的低纬度地区,这很可能是由于大气转换和/或河流排放造成的。
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引用次数: 0
Recent changes in tropical-dry-forest connectivity within the Balsas Basin Biogeographic Province: potential effects on endemic-bird distributions 巴萨斯盆地生物地理省内热带干旱森林连通性的最新变化:对特有鸟类分布的潜在影响
Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.55.120594
Alejandra Galindo-Cruz, F. J. Sahagún-Sánchez, Fabiola López-Barrera, Octavio Rojas-Soto
Maintaining landscape connectivity is a conservation priority for biodiversity as it may mitigate the adverse effects of forest degradation, fragmentation, and climate change by facilitating species dispersal. Despite their importance for biodiversity conservation, Mexican tropical dry forests (TDFs) face high fragmentation rates due to anthropogenic activities. In this study, we analyzed the connectivity dynamics of TDFs in the Balsas Basin Biogeographic Province (BBBP) between 2013 and 2018, focusing on old-growth and secondary TDF covers, including Protected Areas and Important Bird Areas. We evaluated the effects of connectivity loss and gain on the distribution areas of 30 endemic bird species with ecological associations with TDFs in the BBBP. We found expansion in TDFs accounting for a total increase of 227,905 ha due to secondary forest increase (12%). In contrast, old-growth forests experienced a reduction of 66,576 ha in the study area (8%). We also found a decrease in areas with high and very-high connectivity, coupled with an increase in low connectivity, except for TDFs inside Protected Areas, which increased by 3,000 ha, leading to higher connectivity. There was an increase in total forest cover in 27 species’ potential distribution, highlighting the possible role of secondary forests in promoting connectivity between old-growth forest patches. Our results reveal the complex dynamics between forest types, connectivity, and bird-species distributions. Despite an overall increase in forested areas, most TDFs continue to have low connectivity, likely impacting biodiversity, particularly for species that rely on highly conserved ecosystems. This study underscores the importance of integrated conservation strategies considering connectivity, forest recovery, and the dynamics of species-ecosystem interactions.
保持景观的连通性是生物多样性保护的一个优先事项,因为它可以通过促进物种扩散来减轻森林退化、破碎化和气候变化的不利影响。尽管墨西哥热带干旱森林(TDFs)对生物多样性保护具有重要意义,但由于人为活动的影响,它们面临着很高的破碎率。在这项研究中,我们分析了巴萨斯盆地生物地理省(BBBP)热带干旱林在2013年至2018年期间的连通性动态,重点关注包括保护区和重要鸟类区在内的古老热带干旱林和次生热带干旱林覆盖范围。我们评估了连接性损益对 30 种与 BBBP 地区 TDF 有生态关联的特有鸟类分布区的影响。我们发现,由于次生林的增加(12%),热带森林保护区的总面积增加了 227,905 公顷。相比之下,研究区内的原始森林面积减少了 66,576 公顷(8%)。我们还发现,连通性高和连通性极高的地区有所减少,而连通性低的地区有所增加,但保护区内的过渡性森林除外,其面积增加了 3,000 公顷,从而提高了连通性。在 27 个物种的潜在分布区中,森林总覆盖面积有所增加,这凸显了次生林在促进古老森林斑块之间连通性方面可能发挥的作用。我们的研究结果揭示了森林类型、连通性和鸟类物种分布之间复杂的动态关系。尽管森林面积总体上有所增加,但大多数热带森林覆盖区的连通性仍然很低,这可能会影响生物多样性,尤其是对那些依赖于高度受保护生态系统的物种而言。这项研究强调了综合保护战略的重要性,其中考虑到了连通性、森林恢复以及物种与生态系统相互作用的动态。
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