MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are versatile regulators of gene expression at both the transcription and post-transcription levels. The microRNA miR396 plays vital roles in growth, development, and resistance to abiotic stresses in many plant species. However, the roles and functions of miR396 in soybeans are not well understood. Here, we report that influences soybean development and salinity tolerance. We found that soybean was responsive to salt stress. gene-edited lines (-GEs), created using CRISPR/Cas9, exhibited more branches, higher grain yields, and greater salinity tolerance than control plants. The transcripts in lines with altered abundance of -GE were significantly enriched for biological processes related to hormone regulation. Overexpression of the precursor (pre--OE) resulted in developmental deficiencies including dwarfness, abnormal inflorescences and flowers, smaller and fewer seeds, and small leaves with larger and more numerous stomata. Transcriptome analysis indicated photosynthesis-related genes were downregulated in pre--OE plants. These results contribute valuable insights into the function of in soybeans and hold promise for enhancing soybean yield and salinity tolerance through germplasm innovation.
{"title":"Gene editing and overexpression of soybean miR396a reveals its role in salinity tolerance and development","authors":"Xiangqian Chen, Xuemin Jiang, Xianjun Sun, Zheng Hu, Fei Gao, Xiuping Wang, Hui Zhang, Rui Chen, Qiyan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.cj.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are versatile regulators of gene expression at both the transcription and post-transcription levels. The microRNA miR396 plays vital roles in growth, development, and resistance to abiotic stresses in many plant species. However, the roles and functions of miR396 in soybeans are not well understood. Here, we report that influences soybean development and salinity tolerance. We found that soybean was responsive to salt stress. gene-edited lines (-GEs), created using CRISPR/Cas9, exhibited more branches, higher grain yields, and greater salinity tolerance than control plants. The transcripts in lines with altered abundance of -GE were significantly enriched for biological processes related to hormone regulation. Overexpression of the precursor (pre--OE) resulted in developmental deficiencies including dwarfness, abnormal inflorescences and flowers, smaller and fewer seeds, and small leaves with larger and more numerous stomata. Transcriptome analysis indicated photosynthesis-related genes were downregulated in pre--OE plants. These results contribute valuable insights into the function of in soybeans and hold promise for enhancing soybean yield and salinity tolerance through germplasm innovation.","PeriodicalId":501058,"journal":{"name":"The Crop Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.012
Yan Wang, Yang Shen, Weifeng Dong, Xiaoxi Cai, Junkai Yang, Yue Chen, Bowei Jia, Mingzhe Sun, Xiaoli Sun
Plant Homeo Domain (PHD) proteins are involved in diverse biological processes during plant growth. However, the regulation of genes on rice cold stress response remains largely unknown. Here, we reported that negatively regulated cold tolerance in rice seedlings as a cleavage target of . expression was greatly induced by cold stress, and was down-regulated by overexpression and up-regulated by knockdown. Through 5′RACE and dual luciferase assays, we found that targeted and cleaved the 3′UTR region of . PHD17 was a nuclear-localized protein and acted as a transcriptional activator in yeast. overexpression reduced cold tolerance of rice seedlings, while knockout of increased cold tolerance, partially via the CBF cold signaling. By combining transcriptomic and physiological analyses, we demonstrated that modulated ROS homeostasis and flavonoid accumulation under cold stress. K-means clustering analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes in transgenic lines were significantly enriched in the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis pathway, and expression of JA biosynthesis and signaling genes was verified to be affected by . Cold stress tests applied with MeJA or IBU (JA synthesis inhibitor) further suggested the involvement of in JA-mediated cold signaling. Taken together, our results suggest that acts downstream of and negatively regulates cold tolerance of rice seedlings through JA-mediated signaling pathway.
植物同源结构域（PHD）蛋白参与了植物生长过程中的多种生物过程。然而，水稻冷胁迫响应基因的调控在很大程度上仍是未知的。本文报道了水稻幼苗耐寒性的负调控基因.表达的裂解靶标在冷胁迫下被大量诱导，过表达下调，敲除上调。通过5′RACE和双荧光素酶检测，我们发现.PHD17是一种核定位蛋白，在酵母中作为转录激活因子靶向并裂解了.PHD17的3′UTR区域。通过结合转录组学和生理学分析，我们证明了冷胁迫下ROS平衡和类黄酮积累的调节作用。K-均值聚类分析显示，转基因品系中的差异表达基因显著富集在茉莉酸（JA）生物合成途径中，并验证了JA生物合成和信号转导基因的表达受.MeJA的影响。用 MeJA 或 IBU（JA 合成抑制剂）进行的冷胁迫试验进一步表明，JA 介导的冷信号转导参与其中。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，JA介导的信号通路对水稻幼苗的耐寒性起下游和负调控作用。
{"title":"PHD17 acts as a target of miR1320 to negatively control cold tolerance via JA-activated signaling in rice","authors":"Yan Wang, Yang Shen, Weifeng Dong, Xiaoxi Cai, Junkai Yang, Yue Chen, Bowei Jia, Mingzhe Sun, Xiaoli Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"Plant Homeo Domain (PHD) proteins are involved in diverse biological processes during plant growth. However, the regulation of genes on rice cold stress response remains largely unknown. Here, we reported that negatively regulated cold tolerance in rice seedlings as a cleavage target of . expression was greatly induced by cold stress, and was down-regulated by overexpression and up-regulated by knockdown. Through 5′RACE and dual luciferase assays, we found that targeted and cleaved the 3′UTR region of . PHD17 was a nuclear-localized protein and acted as a transcriptional activator in yeast. overexpression reduced cold tolerance of rice seedlings, while knockout of increased cold tolerance, partially via the CBF cold signaling. By combining transcriptomic and physiological analyses, we demonstrated that modulated ROS homeostasis and flavonoid accumulation under cold stress. K-means clustering analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes in transgenic lines were significantly enriched in the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis pathway, and expression of JA biosynthesis and signaling genes was verified to be affected by . Cold stress tests applied with MeJA or IBU (JA synthesis inhibitor) further suggested the involvement of in JA-mediated cold signaling. Taken together, our results suggest that acts downstream of and negatively regulates cold tolerance of rice seedlings through JA-mediated signaling pathway.","PeriodicalId":501058,"journal":{"name":"The Crop Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.015
Wenjin Yin, Qianqian Zhong, Zhe’nan Zhu, Zhi’ning Zhang, Tiantian Lu, Xi Yang, Hui Wang, Yujia Gu, Sanfeng Li, Mei Lu, Dan Mu, Yuexing Wang, Yuchun Rao
A novel rice mutant showed increased resistance to bacterial blight. encodes a DUF292 protein and regulates defense immune responses and cell death via vesicle trafficking in chloroplasts.
一种新型水稻突变体对细菌性枯萎病的抗性增强。
{"title":"LMI1, a DUF292 protein family gene, regulates immune responses and cell death in rice","authors":"Wenjin Yin, Qianqian Zhong, Zhe’nan Zhu, Zhi’ning Zhang, Tiantian Lu, Xi Yang, Hui Wang, Yujia Gu, Sanfeng Li, Mei Lu, Dan Mu, Yuexing Wang, Yuchun Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.015","url":null,"abstract":"A novel rice mutant showed increased resistance to bacterial blight. encodes a DUF292 protein and regulates defense immune responses and cell death via vesicle trafficking in chloroplasts.","PeriodicalId":501058,"journal":{"name":"The Crop Journal","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.016
Jijin Li, Dan Zhou, Deke Li, Gen Wang, Rui Qin, Chengqin Gong, Kang Chen, Yunqing Tong, Lingfeng Li, Keke Liu, Jiangkun Ye, Binjiu Luo, Chenglong Jiang, Haipeng Wang, Jinghua Jin, Qiming Deng, Shiquan Wang, Jun Zhu, Ting Zou, Shuangcheng Li, Ping Li, Yueyang Liang
Tiller number and grain size are important agronomic traits that determine grain yield in rice. Here, we demonstrate that DEFECTIVE TILLER GROWTH 1 (DTG1), a member of the casein kinase 1 protein family, exerts a co-regulatory effect on tiller number and grain size. We identified a single amino acid substitution in DTG1 (I357K) that caused a decrease in tiller number and an increase in grain size in NIL-. Genetic analyses revealed that DTG1 plays a pivotal role in regulation of tillering and grain size. The allelic variant exhibited robust functionality in suppressing tillering. We show that is preferentially expressed in tiller buds and young panicles, and negatively regulates grain size by restricting cell proliferation in spikelet hulls. We further confirm that DTG1 functioned in grain size regulation by directly interacting with Grain Width 2 (GW2), a critical grain size regulator in rice. The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated elimination of significantly enhanced tiller number and grain size, thereby increasing rice grain yield under field conditions, thus highlighting potential value of in rice breeding.
{"title":"The dual role of casein kinase 1, DTG1, in regulating tillering and grain size in rice","authors":"Jijin Li, Dan Zhou, Deke Li, Gen Wang, Rui Qin, Chengqin Gong, Kang Chen, Yunqing Tong, Lingfeng Li, Keke Liu, Jiangkun Ye, Binjiu Luo, Chenglong Jiang, Haipeng Wang, Jinghua Jin, Qiming Deng, Shiquan Wang, Jun Zhu, Ting Zou, Shuangcheng Li, Ping Li, Yueyang Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.016","url":null,"abstract":"Tiller number and grain size are important agronomic traits that determine grain yield in rice. Here, we demonstrate that DEFECTIVE TILLER GROWTH 1 (DTG1), a member of the casein kinase 1 protein family, exerts a co-regulatory effect on tiller number and grain size. We identified a single amino acid substitution in DTG1 (I357K) that caused a decrease in tiller number and an increase in grain size in NIL-. Genetic analyses revealed that DTG1 plays a pivotal role in regulation of tillering and grain size. The allelic variant exhibited robust functionality in suppressing tillering. We show that is preferentially expressed in tiller buds and young panicles, and negatively regulates grain size by restricting cell proliferation in spikelet hulls. We further confirm that DTG1 functioned in grain size regulation by directly interacting with Grain Width 2 (GW2), a critical grain size regulator in rice. The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated elimination of significantly enhanced tiller number and grain size, thereby increasing rice grain yield under field conditions, thus highlighting potential value of in rice breeding.","PeriodicalId":501058,"journal":{"name":"The Crop Journal","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.011
Kai Lu, Yadong Zhang, Lei He, Cheng Li, Wenhua Liang, Tao Chen, Qingyong Zhao, Zhen Zhu, Ling Zhao, Chunfang Zhao, Xiaodong Wei, Shu Yao, Lihui Zhou, Qiaoquan Liu, Cailin Wang
Amylose content, the key determinant of rice eating and cooking quality, is regulated primarily by the () gene. We adjusted the amylose content and transparency of semi-glutinous rice carrying the allele by genome editing of upstream open reading frame 6 (uORF6) of .
{"title":"Adjusting the amylose content of semi-glutinous japonica rice by genome editing of uORF6 in the wx gene","authors":"Kai Lu, Yadong Zhang, Lei He, Cheng Li, Wenhua Liang, Tao Chen, Qingyong Zhao, Zhen Zhu, Ling Zhao, Chunfang Zhao, Xiaodong Wei, Shu Yao, Lihui Zhou, Qiaoquan Liu, Cailin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"Amylose content, the key determinant of rice eating and cooking quality, is regulated primarily by the () gene. We adjusted the amylose content and transparency of semi-glutinous rice carrying the allele by genome editing of upstream open reading frame 6 (uORF6) of .","PeriodicalId":501058,"journal":{"name":"The Crop Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil salinity seriously affects the utilization of farmland and threatens the crop production. Here, a selenium-nitrogen-co-doped carbon dots was developed, which increased rice seedling growth and alleviated its inhibition by salt stress by foliar spraying. The treatment activated Ca and jasmonic acid signaling pathways and increased iron homeostasis, antioxidant defense, and cell wall development of rice seedlings. It could be used to increase crop resistance to environmental stress.
{"title":"Selenium–nitrogen-co-doped carbon dots increase rice seedling growth and salt resistance","authors":"Yadong Li, Ronghua Xu, Qianying Han, Shang Lei, Congli Ma, Jingyi Qi, Yingliang Liu, Hongjie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cj.2024.06.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2024.06.014","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinity seriously affects the utilization of farmland and threatens the crop production. Here, a selenium-nitrogen-co-doped carbon dots was developed, which increased rice seedling growth and alleviated its inhibition by salt stress by foliar spraying. The treatment activated Ca and jasmonic acid signaling pathways and increased iron homeostasis, antioxidant defense, and cell wall development of rice seedlings. It could be used to increase crop resistance to environmental stress.","PeriodicalId":501058,"journal":{"name":"The Crop Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) is a defense-associated transcription factor (TF) family that positively regulates defense responses to pathogen infection. positively regulates resistance in wheat to (). However, the molecular mechanism of its interaction with a effector is not clear. We found that effector Pt-1234 interacts with TaNAC069 to subvert host immunity during infection. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that expression of was significantly up-regulated during the early stage of infection. Protein-mediated cell death assays in wheat showed that the Pt-1234 protein was unable to induce cell death in wheat near-isogenic lines carrying different leaf rust resistance genes, whereas it suppressed BAX-induced cell death in leaves of . Silencing of by host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) significantly reduced the virulence of in the susceptible wheat variety Thatcher. The C subdomain of TaNAC069 was responsible for its interaction with Pt-1234, and the E subdomain was required for TaNAC069-mediated defense responses to in planta. These findings indicate that utilizes Pt-1234 to interact with wheat transcription factor TaNAC069 through its C subdomain, thereby modulating wheat immunity.
{"title":"Puccinia triticina effector Pt-1234 modulates wheat immunity by targeting transcription factor TaNAC069 via its C subdomain","authors":"Huaimin Geng, Yanjun Zhang, Zhen Qin, Shen Wang, Changshan Liu, Zhongchi Cui, Daqun Liu, Haiyan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"The NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) is a defense-associated transcription factor (TF) family that positively regulates defense responses to pathogen infection. positively regulates resistance in wheat to (). However, the molecular mechanism of its interaction with a effector is not clear. We found that effector Pt-1234 interacts with TaNAC069 to subvert host immunity during infection. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that expression of was significantly up-regulated during the early stage of infection. Protein-mediated cell death assays in wheat showed that the Pt-1234 protein was unable to induce cell death in wheat near-isogenic lines carrying different leaf rust resistance genes, whereas it suppressed BAX-induced cell death in leaves of . Silencing of by host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) significantly reduced the virulence of in the susceptible wheat variety Thatcher. The C subdomain of TaNAC069 was responsible for its interaction with Pt-1234, and the E subdomain was required for TaNAC069-mediated defense responses to in planta. These findings indicate that utilizes Pt-1234 to interact with wheat transcription factor TaNAC069 through its C subdomain, thereby modulating wheat immunity.","PeriodicalId":501058,"journal":{"name":"The Crop Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-18DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.014
Yunsong Gu, Haifeng Guo, Huahui Li, Runbin Su, Najeeb Ullah Khan, Jin Li, Shichen Han, Weitong Zhao, Wei Ye, Shilei Gao, Andong Zou, Meng Zhang, Xingming Sun, Zhanying Zhang, Hongliang Zhang, Pingrong Yuan, Jinjie Li, Zichao Li
Rice is a major crop susceptible to chilling stress. The identification of quantitative trait loci and genes for cold tolerance is crucial for the rice breeding. Of 30 quantitative-trait loci affecting seedling cold tolerance identified in a genome-wide association study of 540 rice accessions, was assigned as the causative gene for one, . A single-nucleotide polymorphism in its promoter accounted for variation in expression between and subspecies. The favorable haplotype of originated in wild rice and contributed to the expansion of rice to colder habitats. positively regulates genes coding reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging proteins and maintains intracellular ROS homeostasis. These findings not only enhanced our understanding of environmental adaptation but also provide novel genetic resources and potential targets for molecular design breeding for cold tolerance in rice.
{"title":"QTL mapping by GWAS and functional analysis of OsbZIP72 for cold tolerance at rice seedling stage","authors":"Yunsong Gu, Haifeng Guo, Huahui Li, Runbin Su, Najeeb Ullah Khan, Jin Li, Shichen Han, Weitong Zhao, Wei Ye, Shilei Gao, Andong Zou, Meng Zhang, Xingming Sun, Zhanying Zhang, Hongliang Zhang, Pingrong Yuan, Jinjie Li, Zichao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.014","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is a major crop susceptible to chilling stress. The identification of quantitative trait loci and genes for cold tolerance is crucial for the rice breeding. Of 30 quantitative-trait loci affecting seedling cold tolerance identified in a genome-wide association study of 540 rice accessions, was assigned as the causative gene for one, . A single-nucleotide polymorphism in its promoter accounted for variation in expression between and subspecies. The favorable haplotype of originated in wild rice and contributed to the expansion of rice to colder habitats. positively regulates genes coding reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging proteins and maintains intracellular ROS homeostasis. These findings not only enhanced our understanding of environmental adaptation but also provide novel genetic resources and potential targets for molecular design breeding for cold tolerance in rice.","PeriodicalId":501058,"journal":{"name":"The Crop Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In flowering plants, callose (-1,3-glucan) plays a vital role in pollen development, especially in the separation and development of microspores. However, the molecular mechanism of callose deposition during rice pollen development remains unclear. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel rice pollen defective mutant, (), which produced “dyad” or “tetrad” pollen grains. Cytological analysis indicated disrupted interstitial callose deposition at the cell plate of dyads and tetrads in pollens. This disruption caused sporopollenin to be massively deposited outside of the junction where the interstitial callose wall connected with the peripheral callose wall, or unevenly distributed on the interstitial pollen primexine at the late meiosis stage. Consequently, an excess tectum-like layer was formed outside of the junction, connecting with the tectum of two microspores during later developmental stages, which prevented the separation of microspores. Additionally, in the linkage area, the tectum of two microspores gradually fused or degenerated, resulting in a decreased contact area between microspores and the anther locule. Therefore, the defect in callose deposition resulted in unsuccessful separation of microspores, abnormal deposition of pollen exine, and also affected the accumulation of materials in microspores, resulting in pollen semi-sterility. , encoding a callose synthase located in the Golgi body, is ubiquitously expressed in anthers with its peak expression at the young microspore stage. The enzyme activity assay confirmed that NSM1 possesses callose synthase activity, and the enzyme activity in the mutants was significantly reduced. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that NSM1 and its orthologs play a highly conserved role in callose biosynthesis among plant species. Taken together, we propose that NSM1 plays an essential role in male meiotic callose synthesis and later pollen wall development.
{"title":"Non-separated microspores 1 controls male meiotic callose deposition at the cell plate in rice","authors":"Haiyuan Chen, Suobing Zhang, Weijie Tang, Jun Tang, Jing Lin, Xianwen Fang, Yunhui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"In flowering plants, callose (-1,3-glucan) plays a vital role in pollen development, especially in the separation and development of microspores. However, the molecular mechanism of callose deposition during rice pollen development remains unclear. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel rice pollen defective mutant, (), which produced “dyad” or “tetrad” pollen grains. Cytological analysis indicated disrupted interstitial callose deposition at the cell plate of dyads and tetrads in pollens. This disruption caused sporopollenin to be massively deposited outside of the junction where the interstitial callose wall connected with the peripheral callose wall, or unevenly distributed on the interstitial pollen primexine at the late meiosis stage. Consequently, an excess tectum-like layer was formed outside of the junction, connecting with the tectum of two microspores during later developmental stages, which prevented the separation of microspores. Additionally, in the linkage area, the tectum of two microspores gradually fused or degenerated, resulting in a decreased contact area between microspores and the anther locule. Therefore, the defect in callose deposition resulted in unsuccessful separation of microspores, abnormal deposition of pollen exine, and also affected the accumulation of materials in microspores, resulting in pollen semi-sterility. , encoding a callose synthase located in the Golgi body, is ubiquitously expressed in anthers with its peak expression at the young microspore stage. The enzyme activity assay confirmed that NSM1 possesses callose synthase activity, and the enzyme activity in the mutants was significantly reduced. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that NSM1 and its orthologs play a highly conserved role in callose biosynthesis among plant species. Taken together, we propose that NSM1 plays an essential role in male meiotic callose synthesis and later pollen wall development.","PeriodicalId":501058,"journal":{"name":"The Crop Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Regulation of iron homeostasis in maize remains unclear, despite the known roles of FER-Like Fe deficiency-induced transcription factor (FIT) in and rice. ZmFIT, like AtFIT and OsFIT, interacts with iron-related transcription factors 2 (ZmIRO2). Here, we investigate the involvement of in iron homeostasis. Mutant lines exhibiting symptoms of Fe deficiency had reduced shoot iron content. Transcriptome analysis revealed downregulation of Fe deficiency-responsive genes in the roots of a mutant. ZmFIT facilitates the nuclear translocation of ZmIRO2 to activate transcription of downstream genes under Fe-deficient conditions. Our findings suggest that ZmFIT, by interaction with ZmIRO2, mediates iron homeostasis in maize. Notably, the binding and activation mechanisms of ZmFIT resemble those in but differ from those in rice, whereas downstream genes regulated by ZmFIT show similarities to rice but differences from . In brief, ZmFIT, orthgologs of OsFIT and AtFIT in rice and maize, respectively, regulates iron uptake and homeostasis in maize, but with variations.
{"title":"Regulatory mechanisms of iron homeostasis in maize mediated by ZmFIT","authors":"Suzhen Li, Shuai Ma, Zizhao Song, Yu Li, Xiaoqing Liu, Wenzhu Yang, Tianyu Wang, Xiaojin Zhou, Rumei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cj.2024.06.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2024.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"Regulation of iron homeostasis in maize remains unclear, despite the known roles of FER-Like Fe deficiency-induced transcription factor (FIT) in and rice. ZmFIT, like AtFIT and OsFIT, interacts with iron-related transcription factors 2 (ZmIRO2). Here, we investigate the involvement of in iron homeostasis. Mutant lines exhibiting symptoms of Fe deficiency had reduced shoot iron content. Transcriptome analysis revealed downregulation of Fe deficiency-responsive genes in the roots of a mutant. ZmFIT facilitates the nuclear translocation of ZmIRO2 to activate transcription of downstream genes under Fe-deficient conditions. Our findings suggest that ZmFIT, by interaction with ZmIRO2, mediates iron homeostasis in maize. Notably, the binding and activation mechanisms of ZmFIT resemble those in but differ from those in rice, whereas downstream genes regulated by ZmFIT show similarities to rice but differences from . In brief, ZmFIT, orthgologs of OsFIT and AtFIT in rice and maize, respectively, regulates iron uptake and homeostasis in maize, but with variations.","PeriodicalId":501058,"journal":{"name":"The Crop Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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