Recent years have seen a surge of interest in exceptional points in open quantum systems. The natural approach in this area has been the use of Markovian master equations. While the resulting Liouvillian EPs have been seen in a variety of systems and have been associated to numerous exotic effects, it is an open question whether such degeneracies and their peculiarities can persist beyond the validity of master equations. In this work, taking the example of a dissipative double-quantum-dot system, we show that Heisenberg equations for our system exhibit the same EPs as the corresponding master equations. To highlight the importance of this finding, we prove that the paradigmatic property associated to EPs - critical damping, persists well beyond the validity of master equations. Our results demonstrate that Liouvillian EPs can arise from underlying fundamental exact principles, rather than merely as a consequence of approximations involved in deriving master equations.
近年来，人们对开放量子系统中的超常点兴趣大增。这一领域的自然方法是使用马尔可夫主方程。虽然由此产生的Liouvillian EPs已经出现在各种系统中，并与许多奇异效应相关联，但这种退化性及其特殊性是否能超越主方程的有效性而存在，却是一个未决问题。在这项工作中，我们以耗散双量子点系统为例，证明我们系统的海森伯方程与相应的主方程表现出相同的 EPs。为了突出这一发现的重要性，我们证明了与 EP 相关的范式特性--临界阻尼--远远超出了主方程的有效性。我们的结果表明，Liouvillian EPs 可以从潜在的基本精确原理中产生，而不仅仅是推导主方程时的近似结果。
{"title":"Emergent Liouvillian exceptional points from exact principles","authors":"Shishir Khandelwal, Gianmichele Blasi","doi":"arxiv-2409.08100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.08100","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have seen a surge of interest in exceptional points in open\u0000quantum systems. The natural approach in this area has been the use of\u0000Markovian master equations. While the resulting Liouvillian EPs have been seen\u0000in a variety of systems and have been associated to numerous exotic effects, it\u0000is an open question whether such degeneracies and their peculiarities can\u0000persist beyond the validity of master equations. In this work, taking the\u0000example of a dissipative double-quantum-dot system, we show that Heisenberg\u0000equations for our system exhibit the same EPs as the corresponding master\u0000equations. To highlight the importance of this finding, we prove that the\u0000paradigmatic property associated to EPs - critical damping, persists well\u0000beyond the validity of master equations. Our results demonstrate that\u0000Liouvillian EPs can arise from underlying fundamental exact principles, rather\u0000than merely as a consequence of approximations involved in deriving master\u0000equations.","PeriodicalId":501226,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Quantum Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raffaele R. Severino, Michele Spasaro, Domenico Zito
This paper investigates the implementation of microwave and mm-wave integrated circuits for control and readout of electron/hole spin qubits, as elementary building blocks for future emerging quantum computing technologies. In particular, it summarizes the most relevant readout and control techniques of electron/hole spin qubits, addresses the feasibility and reports some preliminary simulation results of two blocks: transimpedance amplifier (TIA) and pulse generator (PG). The TIA exhibits a transimpedance gain of 108.5 dB Ohm over a -3dB bandwidth of 18 GHz, with input-referred noise current spectral density of 0.89 pA/root(Hz) at 10 GHz. The PG provides a mm-wave sinusoidal pulse with a minimum duration time of 20 ps.
{"title":"Silicon Spin Qubit Control and Readout Circuits in 22nm FDSOI CMOS","authors":"Raffaele R. Severino, Michele Spasaro, Domenico Zito","doi":"arxiv-2409.08182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.08182","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the implementation of microwave and mm-wave\u0000integrated circuits for control and readout of electron/hole spin qubits, as\u0000elementary building blocks for future emerging quantum computing technologies.\u0000In particular, it summarizes the most relevant readout and control techniques\u0000of electron/hole spin qubits, addresses the feasibility and reports some\u0000preliminary simulation results of two blocks: transimpedance amplifier (TIA)\u0000and pulse generator (PG). The TIA exhibits a transimpedance gain of 108.5 dB\u0000Ohm over a -3dB bandwidth of 18 GHz, with input-referred noise current spectral\u0000density of 0.89 pA/root(Hz) at 10 GHz. The PG provides a mm-wave sinusoidal\u0000pulse with a minimum duration time of 20 ps.","PeriodicalId":501226,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Quantum Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new concept of quantum secret sharing is introduced, in which collaboration among participants are encourage. And the dealer can ask the participants to send back their share and revoke the secret before a predefined date or event, i.e. so-called seal property. We also give two concrete constructions of CE-QSS-Seal (Collaboration-Encouraging Quantum Secret Sharing with Seal property) scheme. The first one is unconditional secure and achieve the optimal bound of a seal scheme. The second one improve the optimal bound of seal by introducing post-quantum secure computational assumption.
{"title":"Collaboration Encouraging Quantum Secret Sharing Scheme with Seal Property","authors":"Xiaogang Cheng, Ren Guo","doi":"arxiv-2409.07863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07863","url":null,"abstract":"A new concept of quantum secret sharing is introduced, in which collaboration\u0000among participants are encourage. And the dealer can ask the participants to\u0000send back their share and revoke the secret before a predefined date or event,\u0000i.e. so-called seal property. We also give two concrete constructions of\u0000CE-QSS-Seal (Collaboration-Encouraging Quantum Secret Sharing with Seal\u0000property) scheme. The first one is unconditional secure and achieve the optimal\u0000bound of a seal scheme. The second one improve the optimal bound of seal by\u0000introducing post-quantum secure computational assumption.","PeriodicalId":501226,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Quantum Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emiliano Godinez-Ramirez, Richard Milbradt, Christian B. Mendl
Tensor networks offer a valuable framework for implementing Lindbladian dynamics in many-body open quantum systems with nearest-neighbor couplings. In particular, a tensor network ansatz known as the Locally Purified Density Operator employs the local purification of the density matrix to guarantee the positivity of the state at all times. Within this framework, the dissipative evolution utilizes the Trotter-Suzuki splitting, yielding a second-order approximation error. However, due to the Lindbladian dynamics' nature, employing higher-order schemes results in non-physical quantum channels. In this work, we leverage the gauge freedom inherent in the Kraus representation of quantum channels to improve the splitting error. To this end, we formulate an optimization problem on the Riemannian manifold of isometries and find a solution via the second-order trust-region algorithm. We validate our approach using two nearest-neighbor noise models and achieve an improvement of orders of magnitude compared to other positivity-preserving schemes. In addition, we demonstrate the usefulness of our method as a compression scheme, helping to control the exponential growth of computational resources, which thus far has limited the use of the locally purified ansatz.
{"title":"A Riemannian Approach to the Lindbladian Dynamics of a Locally Purified Tensor Network","authors":"Emiliano Godinez-Ramirez, Richard Milbradt, Christian B. Mendl","doi":"arxiv-2409.08127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.08127","url":null,"abstract":"Tensor networks offer a valuable framework for implementing Lindbladian\u0000dynamics in many-body open quantum systems with nearest-neighbor couplings. In\u0000particular, a tensor network ansatz known as the Locally Purified Density\u0000Operator employs the local purification of the density matrix to guarantee the\u0000positivity of the state at all times. Within this framework, the dissipative\u0000evolution utilizes the Trotter-Suzuki splitting, yielding a second-order\u0000approximation error. However, due to the Lindbladian dynamics' nature,\u0000employing higher-order schemes results in non-physical quantum channels. In\u0000this work, we leverage the gauge freedom inherent in the Kraus representation\u0000of quantum channels to improve the splitting error. To this end, we formulate\u0000an optimization problem on the Riemannian manifold of isometries and find a\u0000solution via the second-order trust-region algorithm. We validate our approach\u0000using two nearest-neighbor noise models and achieve an improvement of orders of\u0000magnitude compared to other positivity-preserving schemes. In addition, we\u0000demonstrate the usefulness of our method as a compression scheme, helping to\u0000control the exponential growth of computational resources, which thus far has\u0000limited the use of the locally purified ansatz.","PeriodicalId":501226,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Quantum Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandro Laneve, Michele B. Rota, Francesco Basso Basset, Mattia Beccaceci, Valerio Villari, Thomas Oberleitner, Yorick Reum, Tobias M. Krieger, Quirin Buchinger, Saimon F. Covre da Silva, Andreas Pfenning, Sandra Stroj, Sven Höfling, Armando Rastelli, Tobias Huber-Loyola, Rinaldo Trotta
The generation of entangled photons from radiative cascades has enabled milestone experiments in quantum information science with several applications in photonic quantum technologies. Significant efforts are being devoted to pushing the performances of near-deterministic entangled-photon sources based on single quantum emitters often embedded in photonic cavities, so to boost the flux of photon pairs. The general postulate is that the emitter generates photons in a nearly maximally entangled state of polarization, ready for application purposes. Here, we demonstrate that this assumption is unjustified. We show that in radiative cascades there exists an interplay between photon polarization and emission wavevector, strongly affecting quantum correlations when emitters are embedded in micro-cavities. We discuss how the polarization entanglement of photon pairs from a biexciton-exciton cascade in quantum dots strongly depends on their propagation wavevector, and it can even vanish for large emission angles. Our experimental results, backed by theoretical modelling, yield a brand-new understanding of cascaded emission for various quantum emitters. In addition, our model provides quantitative guidelines for designing optical microcavities that retain both a high degree of entanglement and collection efficiency, moving the community one step further towards an ideal source of entangled photons for quantum technologies.
{"title":"Wavevector-resolved polarization entanglement from radiative cascades","authors":"Alessandro Laneve, Michele B. Rota, Francesco Basso Basset, Mattia Beccaceci, Valerio Villari, Thomas Oberleitner, Yorick Reum, Tobias M. Krieger, Quirin Buchinger, Saimon F. Covre da Silva, Andreas Pfenning, Sandra Stroj, Sven Höfling, Armando Rastelli, Tobias Huber-Loyola, Rinaldo Trotta","doi":"arxiv-2409.07875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07875","url":null,"abstract":"The generation of entangled photons from radiative cascades has enabled\u0000milestone experiments in quantum information science with several applications\u0000in photonic quantum technologies. Significant efforts are being devoted to\u0000pushing the performances of near-deterministic entangled-photon sources based\u0000on single quantum emitters often embedded in photonic cavities, so to boost the\u0000flux of photon pairs. The general postulate is that the emitter generates\u0000photons in a nearly maximally entangled state of polarization, ready for\u0000application purposes. Here, we demonstrate that this assumption is unjustified.\u0000We show that in radiative cascades there exists an interplay between photon\u0000polarization and emission wavevector, strongly affecting quantum correlations\u0000when emitters are embedded in micro-cavities. We discuss how the polarization\u0000entanglement of photon pairs from a biexciton-exciton cascade in quantum dots\u0000strongly depends on their propagation wavevector, and it can even vanish for\u0000large emission angles. Our experimental results, backed by theoretical\u0000modelling, yield a brand-new understanding of cascaded emission for various\u0000quantum emitters. In addition, our model provides quantitative guidelines for\u0000designing optical microcavities that retain both a high degree of entanglement\u0000and collection efficiency, moving the community one step further towards an\u0000ideal source of entangled photons for quantum technologies.","PeriodicalId":501226,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Quantum Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Altuntas, R. G. Lena, S. Flannigan, A. J. Daley, I. B. Spielman
Much of our knowledge of quantum systems is encapsulated in the expectation value of Hermitian operators, experimentally obtained by averaging projective measurements. However, dynamical properties are often described by products of operators evaluated at different times; such observables cannot be measured by individual projective measurements, which occur at a single time. For example, the dynamical structure factor describes the propagation of density excitations, such as phonons, and is derived from the spatial density operator evaluated at different times. Conventionally, this is measured by first exciting the system at a specific wavevector and frequency, then measuring the response. Here, we describe an alternative approach using a pair of time-separated weak measurements, and analytically show that their cross-correlation function directly recovers the dynamical structure factor. We provide numerical confirmation of this technique with a matrix product states simulation of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model, weakly measured by phase contrast imaging. We explore the limits of the method and demonstrate its applicability to real experiments with limited imaging resolution.
{"title":"Dynamical Structure Factor from Weak Measurements","authors":"E. Altuntas, R. G. Lena, S. Flannigan, A. J. Daley, I. B. Spielman","doi":"arxiv-2409.07030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07030","url":null,"abstract":"Much of our knowledge of quantum systems is encapsulated in the expectation\u0000value of Hermitian operators, experimentally obtained by averaging projective\u0000measurements. However, dynamical properties are often described by products of\u0000operators evaluated at different times; such observables cannot be measured by\u0000individual projective measurements, which occur at a single time. For example,\u0000the dynamical structure factor describes the propagation of density\u0000excitations, such as phonons, and is derived from the spatial density operator\u0000evaluated at different times. Conventionally, this is measured by first\u0000exciting the system at a specific wavevector and frequency, then measuring the\u0000response. Here, we describe an alternative approach using a pair of\u0000time-separated weak measurements, and analytically show that their\u0000cross-correlation function directly recovers the dynamical structure factor. We\u0000provide numerical confirmation of this technique with a matrix product states\u0000simulation of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model, weakly measured by phase\u0000contrast imaging. We explore the limits of the method and demonstrate its\u0000applicability to real experiments with limited imaging resolution.","PeriodicalId":501226,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Quantum Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantum Machine Learning (QML) has emerged as a promising field that combines the power of quantum computing with the principles of machine learning. One of the significant challenges in QML is dealing with noise in quantum systems, especially in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. Noise in quantum systems can introduce errors in quantum computations and degrade the performance of quantum algorithms. In this paper, we propose a framework for learning observables that are robust against noisy channels in quantum systems. We demonstrate that it is possible to learn observables that remain invariant under the effects of noise and show that this can be achieved through a machine-learning approach. We present a toy example using a Bell state under a depolarization channel to illustrate the concept of robust observables. We then describe a machine-learning framework for learning such observables across six two-qubit quantum circuits and five noisy channels. Our results show that it is possible to learn observables that are more robust to noise than conventional observables. We discuss the implications of this finding for quantum machine learning, including potential applications in enhancing the stability of QML models in noisy environments. By developing techniques for learning robust observables, we can improve the performance and reliability of quantum machine learning models in the presence of noise, contributing to the advancement of practical QML applications in the NISQ era.
{"title":"Learning Robust Observable to Address Noise in Quantum Machine Learning","authors":"Bikram Khanal, Pablo Rivas","doi":"arxiv-2409.07632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07632","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum Machine Learning (QML) has emerged as a promising field that combines\u0000the power of quantum computing with the principles of machine learning. One of\u0000the significant challenges in QML is dealing with noise in quantum systems,\u0000especially in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. Noise in quantum\u0000systems can introduce errors in quantum computations and degrade the\u0000performance of quantum algorithms. In this paper, we propose a framework for\u0000learning observables that are robust against noisy channels in quantum systems.\u0000We demonstrate that it is possible to learn observables that remain invariant\u0000under the effects of noise and show that this can be achieved through a\u0000machine-learning approach. We present a toy example using a Bell state under a\u0000depolarization channel to illustrate the concept of robust observables. We then\u0000describe a machine-learning framework for learning such observables across six\u0000two-qubit quantum circuits and five noisy channels. Our results show that it is\u0000possible to learn observables that are more robust to noise than conventional\u0000observables. We discuss the implications of this finding for quantum machine\u0000learning, including potential applications in enhancing the stability of QML\u0000models in noisy environments. By developing techniques for learning robust\u0000observables, we can improve the performance and reliability of quantum machine\u0000learning models in the presence of noise, contributing to the advancement of\u0000practical QML applications in the NISQ era.","PeriodicalId":501226,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Quantum Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the mounting anticipation for the quantum revolution, the success of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era hinges on a largely unexplored factor: the generalization error bound, a cornerstone of robust and reliable machine learning models. Current QML research, while exploring novel algorithms and applications extensively, is predominantly situated in the context of noise-free, ideal quantum computers. However, Quantum Circuit (QC) operations in NISQ-era devices are susceptible to various noise sources and errors. In this article, we conduct a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) to explore the state-of-the-art generalization bound for supervised QML in NISQ-era and analyze the latest practices in the field. Our study systematically summarizes the existing computational platforms with quantum hardware, datasets, optimization techniques, and the common properties of the bounds found in the literature. We further present the performance accuracy of various approaches in classical benchmark datasets like the MNIST and IRIS datasets. The SMS also highlights the limitations and challenges in QML in the NISQ era and discusses future research directions to advance the field. Using a detailed Boolean operators query in five reliable indexers, we collected 544 papers and filtered them to a small set of 37 relevant articles. This filtration was done following the best practice of SMS with well-defined research questions and inclusion and exclusion criteria.
{"title":"Generalization Error Bound for Quantum Machine Learning in NISQ Era -- A Survey","authors":"Bikram Khanal, Pablo Rivas, Arun Sanjel, Korn Sooksatra, Ernesto Quevedo, Alejandro Rodriguez","doi":"arxiv-2409.07626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.07626","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the mounting anticipation for the quantum revolution, the success of\u0000Quantum Machine Learning (QML) in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ)\u0000era hinges on a largely unexplored factor: the generalization error bound, a\u0000cornerstone of robust and reliable machine learning models. Current QML\u0000research, while exploring novel algorithms and applications extensively, is\u0000predominantly situated in the context of noise-free, ideal quantum computers.\u0000However, Quantum Circuit (QC) operations in NISQ-era devices are susceptible to\u0000various noise sources and errors. In this article, we conduct a Systematic\u0000Mapping Study (SMS) to explore the state-of-the-art generalization bound for\u0000supervised QML in NISQ-era and analyze the latest practices in the field. Our\u0000study systematically summarizes the existing computational platforms with\u0000quantum hardware, datasets, optimization techniques, and the common properties\u0000of the bounds found in the literature. We further present the performance\u0000accuracy of various approaches in classical benchmark datasets like the MNIST\u0000and IRIS datasets. The SMS also highlights the limitations and challenges in\u0000QML in the NISQ era and discusses future research directions to advance the\u0000field. Using a detailed Boolean operators query in five reliable indexers, we\u0000collected 544 papers and filtered them to a small set of 37 relevant articles.\u0000This filtration was done following the best practice of SMS with well-defined\u0000research questions and inclusion and exclusion criteria.","PeriodicalId":501226,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Quantum Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chen-Yu Liu, Chu-Hsuan Abraham Lin, Kuan-Cheng Chen
In the Quantum-Train (QT) framework, mapping quantum state measurements to classical neural network weights is a critical challenge that affects the scalability and efficiency of hybrid quantum-classical models. The traditional QT framework employs a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) for this task, but it struggles with scalability and interpretability. To address these issues, we propose replacing the MLP with a tensor network-based model and introducing a distributed circuit ansatz designed for large-scale quantum machine learning with multiple small quantum processing unit nodes. This approach enhances scalability, efficiently represents high-dimensional data, and maintains a compact model structure. Our enhanced QT framework retains the benefits of reduced parameter count and independence from quantum resources during inference. Experimental results on benchmark datasets demonstrate that the tensor network-based QT framework achieves competitive performance with improved efficiency and generalization, offering a practical solution for scalable hybrid quantum-classical machine learning.
{"title":"Quantum-Train with Tensor Network Mapping Model and Distributed Circuit Ansatz","authors":"Chen-Yu Liu, Chu-Hsuan Abraham Lin, Kuan-Cheng Chen","doi":"arxiv-2409.06992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.06992","url":null,"abstract":"In the Quantum-Train (QT) framework, mapping quantum state measurements to\u0000classical neural network weights is a critical challenge that affects the\u0000scalability and efficiency of hybrid quantum-classical models. The traditional\u0000QT framework employs a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) for this task, but it\u0000struggles with scalability and interpretability. To address these issues, we\u0000propose replacing the MLP with a tensor network-based model and introducing a\u0000distributed circuit ansatz designed for large-scale quantum machine learning\u0000with multiple small quantum processing unit nodes. This approach enhances\u0000scalability, efficiently represents high-dimensional data, and maintains a\u0000compact model structure. Our enhanced QT framework retains the benefits of\u0000reduced parameter count and independence from quantum resources during\u0000inference. Experimental results on benchmark datasets demonstrate that the\u0000tensor network-based QT framework achieves competitive performance with\u0000improved efficiency and generalization, offering a practical solution for\u0000scalable hybrid quantum-classical machine learning.","PeriodicalId":501226,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - PHYS - Quantum Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avimita Chatterjee, Sonny Rappaport, Anish Giri, Sonika Johri, Timothy Proctor, David E. Bernal Neira, Pratik Sathe, Thomas Lubinski
Quantum Hamiltonian simulation is one of the most promising applications of quantum computing and forms the basis for many quantum algorithms. Benchmarking them is an important gauge of progress in quantum computing technology. We present a methodology and software framework to evaluate various facets of the performance of gate-based quantum computers on Trotterized quantum Hamiltonian evolution. We propose three distinct modes for benchmarking: (i) comparing simulation on a real device to that on a noiseless classical simulator, (ii) comparing simulation on a real device with exact diagonalization results, and (iii) using scalable mirror circuit techniques to assess hardware performance in scenarios beyond classical simulation methods. We demonstrate this framework on five Hamiltonian models from the HamLib library: the Fermi and Bose-Hubbard models, the transverse field Ising model, the Heisenberg model, and the Max3SAT problem. Experiments were conducted using Qiskit's Aer simulator, BlueQubit's CPU cluster and GPU simulators, and IBM's quantum hardware. Our framework, extendable to other Hamiltonians, provides comprehensive performance profiles that reveal hardware and algorithmic limitations and measure both fidelity and execution times, identifying crossover points where quantum hardware outperforms CPU/GPU simulators.
量子哈密顿模拟是量子计算最有前途的应用之一，也是许多量子算法的基础。对它们进行基准测试是衡量量子计算技术进展的重要标准。我们提出了一种方法和软件框架，用于评估基于门的量子计算机在特罗特化量子哈密顿演化中的各方面性能。我们提出了三种不同的基准测试模式：(i) 将真实设备上的模拟与无噪声经典模拟器上的模拟进行比较；(ii) 将真实设备上的模拟与精确对角化结果进行比较；(iii) 使用可扩展镜像电路技术评估经典模拟方法之外的场景中的硬件性能。我们在 HamLib 库中的五个哈密顿模型上演示了这一框架：费米和玻色-哈伯德模型、横向场伊辛模型、海森堡模型和 Max3SAT 问题。我们使用 Qiskit 的 Aer 模拟器、BlueQubit 的 CPU 集群和 GPU 模拟器以及 IBM 的量子硬件进行了实验。我们的框架可扩展到其他汉密尔顿，提供全面的性能剖析，揭示硬件和算法的局限性，测量保真度和执行时间，确定量子硬件优于CPU/GPU模拟器的交叉点。
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