International Journal of Social Psychology最新文献

ABSTRACT

The present research explored the influence of thinking style and the perception of threats to health and wealth on protective actions and well-being within the framework of the first wave of COVID-19 in Spain. We expected that an abstract (versus concrete) thinking style would be related to greater protective behaviours while maintaining a higher sense of well-being. Through an online questionnaire (N = 1,043), we explored these relationships and found that the most severe perceived threats to health and wealth and the highest degree of abstraction were associated with the greatest protective behaviours. Importantly, when people did not feel very threatened, those who thought abstractly reported more protective behaviours. Regarding well-being, when people perceived greater threats, those who had an abstract thinking style reported greater well-being. Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, the present research provides support indicating that an abstract thinking style is a protective factor against adversities because it is related to protective behaviours and increased well-being even when people perceive severe health and wealth threats.

ABSTRACT

The interest for disentangling the pathways to violent radicalization is one of the main areas of attention nowadays. However, investigations including data from terrorists is marginal, particularly in the case of women. Here we offer an empirical contribution to this shortage. Twenty-five Muslims females incarcerated in Spanish prisons because of jihadist terrorism, or for crimes unrelated to terrorism, participated in a series of face-to-face interviews. Results revealed that female jihadists expressed less self-esteem, quest for significance, resilience, cohesion and religiosity than non-jihadists. Although no differences were found between the groups in fusion with religion or Muslims, female jihadists decreased their perception of fusion with religion and Muslims in the present as compared to the past and remain low in the future. Results indicate that female jihadists enter radicalization because of a crisis in their personal and social identities, but also seem to disengage from jihad because of a disenchantment for unfulfilled expectancies. Our findings call for consideration of the specific needs and characteristics of female jihadist inmates in the development of treatment programmes in prison.

ABSTRACT

The authors present a revised version of the Acceptance of Modern Myths About Sexual Aggression scale (AMMSA-21) in four languages (English, German, Polish and Spanish) and examine its reliability and validity (total N = 1,459). AMMSA-21 addresses themes emerging in recent public discourse (e.g., beliefs about false accusations) and contents similar to the original scale (e.g., antagonism towards victims’ demands); with 21 items, it is 30% shorter than the original. Factor analyses suggested that AMMSA-21 may be treated as a unidimensional construct. Across the four language versions, AMMSA-21 showed high internal consistency and criterion validity (positive correlations with hostile and benevolent sexism, social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism); its scores were unrelated to socially desirable responding. Also, AMMSA-21 predicted judgements of victim-blaming and rape proclivity in relation to acquaintance-rape scenarios. Mean differences across language versions (Spanish < English = German < Polish) are discussed in terms of cultural influences. In sum, AMMSA-21 represents a reliable, valid and economical measure of contemporary sexual aggression myths.

ABSTRACT

Political extremism represents a collective threat to open and democratic societies, a hazard that has grown in recent times. The main goal of the present research is to test one novel construct, the Monopoly on Truth (MoT), by examining its association with illegal and violent extremist acts in a cross-cultural setting. Thus, the association between MoT and extremism has been tested in several countries with different cultures and socio-political landscapes: Brazil, Colombia and Spain (N = 785). Results support configural and metric invariance of the MoT scale, supporting construct validity. The obtained data also replicate the original validation by showing a curvilinear relation between ideology and MoT. Crucially, the correlational analysis shows that MoT is associated with extremism in all countries participating in the study, even when controlling for ideology. This research contributes to the literature on the psychological underpinnings of extremism by introducing a novel correlate of illegal and violent political action based on a notion of moral superiority unbiased by ideology.

ABSTRACT

Authors suggest that in liberal contexts, groups considered as lacking autonomy, such as people with schizophrenia, can face stigma. Following Social Dominance theory, we hypothesized that perceived autonomy of people with schizophrenia mediates the relation between SDO and stigmatizing attitudes. Participants from the general population (N = 255; 76.5% women, Mage = 25.33, SD = 12.3) responded to our questionnaire assessing one’s SDO, perceived autonomy and stigmatizing attitudes towards schizophrenia (i.e., dangerousness and desired social distance). Analysis of direct paths from SDO to perceived autonomy (b = −.45, p < .001) and from the latter to perceived dangerousness (b = −.33, p < .001) and to social distance (b = −.46, p < .001), as well as analysis of indirect paths (b = .15, p < .01) for perceived dangerousness (b = .25, p < .001 for social distance), confirmed our hypotheses, and our model showed a good data fit. Our results provide evidence for the stigmatizing role of the autonomy ideal for people with disabilities and invite further development regarding anti-stigma efforts.

ABSTRACT

The current paper aims to study the social-psychological factors that would play roles in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Specifically, we examined whether national and global identifications and the leaders whom people think being in charge of managing the COVID-19 pandemic on a national scale could explain people’s acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccines developed by different countries. We proposed a model in which people’s assessment of the leader in terms of identity-leadership mediates the relationship between different identification types (i.e., global and national) and acceptance of Western, Asian or national vaccines. The model was tested on self-reported data collected in Turkey (N = 694) utilizing Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in R software. The results revealed that national identification positively predicted acceptance of national vaccines and negatively predicted acceptance of Western vaccines; both of the relationships were also mediated by people’s assessments of the leader in terms of identity-leadership dimensions. On the other side, global identification positively predicted acceptance of Western vaccines. The implications of the findings were discussed in terms of their practical contributions along with their theoretical relevance.

ABSTRACT

We propose that support for group-based hierarchy among members of low-status or subordinate groups may be boosted by beliefs in future ingroup high status. Specifically, the more individuals believe their group may hold a higher status, the more they support hierarchical intergroup relations (i.e., high social dominance orientation; SDO), by boosting ingroup favouritism. In turn, SDO should be positively associated with collective action tendencies by increasing social competition intentions. Using samples from Catalonia (N = 152) and the Basque Country (N = 262), results showed that independence supporters’ beliefs in future ingroup status enhancement reinforced participants’ SDO, through nationalist sentiments (i.e., ingroup bias) but not through patriotism in the Catalan sample, and directly in the Basque sample. In turn, SDO increased collective actions towards independence by reinforcing individuals’ motivation to compete with the opponent dominant outgroup (Madrid region), especially in the Catalan sample. We discuss the implications of considering situational and contextual factors to better understand individuals’ support for group-based hierarchies and inequality.

ABSTRACT

Overweight people suffer from workplace discrimination, and they also tend to be perceived as less competent yet warmer than people with an average physical constitution. This study uses an experimental between-subjects design to investigate whether the greater warmth perceived in overweight people may become a beneficial factor (e.g., by receiving higher remuneration) when applying for certain jobs where warmth is an important dimension. The results indicated that for a job where likeability and warmth are important (party entertainer), the candidate received higher remuneration when they were presented as an overweight person than when they were presented as having an average physical constitution. Finally, we discuss the possible implications of this study for hiring departments, as well as possible strategies to lower workplace discrimination as a consequence of physical constitution.

ABSTRACT

The restrictive measures put into place to control the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 have prompted the need to study the possible health impacts in the middle term. Deprivation of the fundamental right to mobility results in an increase in affective disorders and the risks that they entail for the population. The goal of this study is to examine anxiety and depression levels during the first national lockdown and to determine the key coping strategies in order to develop health treatment and promotion programmes. The sample, comprised of 485 participants (mean age = 40) from Andalusia, received questionnaires via email between March and June. The results showed that acceptance, active coping and humour were the most effective coping strategies to explain and predict a decrease in anxiety and depression within the context of the home lockdown. Therefore, we recommend that these coping strategies be studied in order to develop programmes that help prevent the psychological consequences of the lockdown.