Background School feeding programmes (SFP) are one of the world’s most extensive interventions to alleviate child poverty, food insecurity and malnutrition. Schools are ideal settings to promote healthy eating habits early in life since children have access to at least one main meal per day at school. However, there is a lack of clear evidence for the effectiveness of school feeding programmes on child health outcomes. Additionally, there is considerable debate on whether feeding programmes should be universal or targeted with countries taking different approaches. This review will therefore explore global research on school feeding programmes and consider different health outcomes through targeted or universal policies.
{"title":"Impacts of Global School Feeding Programmes on Children’s Health and Wellbeing Outcomes: A Scoping Review","authors":"Amy Locke, Michaela James, Hope Jones, Rachel Davies, Francesca Williams, Sinead Brophy","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.03.24312981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.03.24312981","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> School feeding programmes (SFP) are one of the world’s most extensive interventions to alleviate child poverty, food insecurity and malnutrition. Schools are ideal settings to promote healthy eating habits early in life since children have access to at least one main meal per day at school. However, there is a lack of clear evidence for the effectiveness of school feeding programmes on child health outcomes. Additionally, there is considerable debate on whether feeding programmes should be universal or targeted with countries taking different approaches. This review will therefore explore global research on school feeding programmes and consider different health outcomes through targeted or universal policies.","PeriodicalId":501276,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Public and Global Health","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.01.24312901
Douglas G. Manuel, Carol Bennett, Emma Brown, David L. Buckeridge, Yoni Freedhoff, Sarah Funnell, Farah Ishtiaq, Matthew J. Wade, David Moher, the PHES-EF Executive Group
Introduction Public health environmental surveillance has evolved, especially during the coronavirus disease pandemic, with wastewater-based surveillance being a prominent example. As surveillance methods diversify and expand, it is essential to have a robust evaluation of surveillance systems. This electronic Delphi study will propose an evaluation framework for public health environmental surveillance, informed by the expanding practice of wastewater-based surveillance during the pandemic.
{"title":"Developing an evaluation framework for public health environmental surveillance: Protocol for an international, multidisciplinary e-Delphi study","authors":"Douglas G. Manuel, Carol Bennett, Emma Brown, David L. Buckeridge, Yoni Freedhoff, Sarah Funnell, Farah Ishtiaq, Matthew J. Wade, David Moher, the PHES-EF Executive Group","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.01.24312901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.01.24312901","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Introduction</strong> Public health environmental surveillance has evolved, especially during the coronavirus disease pandemic, with wastewater-based surveillance being a prominent example. As surveillance methods diversify and expand, it is essential to have a robust evaluation of surveillance systems. This electronic Delphi study will propose an evaluation framework for public health environmental surveillance, informed by the expanding practice of wastewater-based surveillance during the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":501276,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Public and Global Health","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.02.24312964
Matt Boyd, Michael G Baker, Nick Wilson
Background Past studies show a mixed relationship between the Global Health Security (GHS) Index and Covid-19 pandemic health outcomes. While some recent work suggests higher GHS Index scores are associated with better mortality outcomes there remains scope for additional analyses considering island nations and macroeconomic outcomes of the pandemic.
{"title":"Global Health Security Index Scores are associated with Covid-19 Pandemic Health and Macroeconomic Outcomes","authors":"Matt Boyd, Michael G Baker, Nick Wilson","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.02.24312964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.02.24312964","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Past studies show a mixed relationship between the Global Health Security (GHS) Index and Covid-19 pandemic health outcomes. While some recent work suggests higher GHS Index scores are associated with better mortality outcomes there remains scope for additional analyses considering island nations and macroeconomic outcomes of the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":501276,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Public and Global Health","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.03.24312062
Gwenda Simons, Helen Jones, Ian Clarke, Firoza Davies, Stacey Grealis, Elspeth Insch, Hameed Kahn, Joanne Lloyd, Al Richards, Hayley Rose, Ruth Williams, Maarten de Wit, Clarissa Woodcock, Leigh Romaniuk, Michelle Bardgett, Arthur G Pratt, Marie Falahee
Background The value of patient and public involvement (PPI) during the earliest stages of clinical trial development, and prior to the award of substantive funding, is widely recognised. However, it is often under resourced and PPI processes during this phase are rarely reported in detail. Having benefitted from seed funding to develop an international clinical trial proposal, we sought to describe and appraise PPI activities and processes that support pre-award co-development.
背景 在临床试验开发的最初阶段和获得实质性资助之前，患者和公众参与（PPI）的价值已得到广泛认可。然而，这一阶段的患者和公众参与往往资源不足，也很少有详细报道。在获得种子基金以开发国际临床试验提案后，我们试图描述和评估支持获奖前共同开发的 PPI 活动和流程。
{"title":"Patient and Public involvement in the design of an international clinical trial: Real world experience","authors":"Gwenda Simons, Helen Jones, Ian Clarke, Firoza Davies, Stacey Grealis, Elspeth Insch, Hameed Kahn, Joanne Lloyd, Al Richards, Hayley Rose, Ruth Williams, Maarten de Wit, Clarissa Woodcock, Leigh Romaniuk, Michelle Bardgett, Arthur G Pratt, Marie Falahee","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.03.24312062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.03.24312062","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> The value of patient and public involvement (PPI) during the earliest stages of clinical trial development, and prior to the award of substantive funding, is widely recognised. However, it is often under resourced and PPI processes during this phase are rarely reported in detail. Having benefitted from seed funding to develop an international clinical trial proposal, we sought to describe and appraise PPI activities and processes that support pre-award co-development.","PeriodicalId":501276,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Public and Global Health","volume":"148 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.01.24312909
Esther T. Joshua-Raji, Itunu O. Dave-Agboola
Background The extensive practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is common in Nigerian societies, and it is generally done on infants as early as eight days after giving birth to them in early childhood, but it is usually done before marriage or before the first child is delivered. FGM has apparently caused pain to women, varying from infection, haemorrhage to difficulty in childbirth, even emotional distress.
{"title":"The awareness and practice of female genital mutilation in Lagos State, Nigeria","authors":"Esther T. Joshua-Raji, Itunu O. Dave-Agboola","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.01.24312909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.01.24312909","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> The extensive practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is common in Nigerian societies, and it is generally done on infants as early as eight days after giving birth to them in early childhood, but it is usually done before marriage or before the first child is delivered. FGM has apparently caused pain to women, varying from infection, haemorrhage to difficulty in childbirth, even emotional distress.","PeriodicalId":501276,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Public and Global Health","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Sensitive clinical surveillance and high vaccination coverage are required to meet the WHO 2030 measles elimination target. Whilst wastewater and environmental surveillance (WES) has proven usefulness in polio surveillance, it has not been applied to measles control. We describe the development of digital RT-PCR (RT-dPCR) for detection and quantification of measles virus (MeV) in wastewater, and application to retained concentrated samples obtained from 28 national sentinel SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance sites and 19 localised collection points in a single province before, during and after a measles outbreak of over 2,000 laboratory-confirmed cases.
{"title":"Wastewater testing during the South African 2022-2023 measles outbreak demonstrates the potential of environmental surveillance to support measles elimination","authors":"Nkosenhle Ndlovu, Victor Mabasa, Chenoa Sankar, Nosihle Msomi, Emmanuel Phalane, Natasha Singh, Sipho Gwala, Fiona Els, Mokgaetji Macheke, Sibonginkosi Maposa, Mukhlid Yousif, Kerrigan M. McCarthy","doi":"10.1101/2024.09.01.24312904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.01.24312904","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Sensitive clinical surveillance and high vaccination coverage are required to meet the WHO 2030 measles elimination target. Whilst wastewater and environmental surveillance (WES) has proven usefulness in polio surveillance, it has not been applied to measles control. We describe the development of digital RT-PCR (RT-dPCR) for detection and quantification of measles virus (MeV) in wastewater, and application to retained concentrated samples obtained from 28 national sentinel SARS-CoV-2 wastewater surveillance sites and 19 localised collection points in a single province before, during and after a measles outbreak of over 2,000 laboratory-confirmed cases.","PeriodicalId":501276,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Public and Global Health","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.30.24312849
Denys Prociuk, Jonathan Clarke, Nikki Smith, Ruairidh Milne, Cassie Lee, Simon de Lusignan, Ghazala Mir, Johannes De Kock, Erik Mayer, Brendan C Delaney, LOCOMOTION Consortium
Background Long COVID is a multisystem condition first identified in the COVID-19 pandemic characterised by a wide range of symptoms including fatigue, breathlessness and cognitive impairment. Considerable disagreement exists in who is most at risk of developing Long COVID, driven in part by incomplete coding of a Long COVID diagnosis in medical records.
{"title":"Understanding the clinical characteristics and timeliness of diagnosis for patients diagnosed with Long COVID: A retrospective observational cohort study from North West London","authors":"Denys Prociuk, Jonathan Clarke, Nikki Smith, Ruairidh Milne, Cassie Lee, Simon de Lusignan, Ghazala Mir, Johannes De Kock, Erik Mayer, Brendan C Delaney, LOCOMOTION Consortium","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.30.24312849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.30.24312849","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Background</strong> Long COVID is a multisystem condition first identified in the COVID-19 pandemic characterised by a wide range of symptoms including fatigue, breathlessness and cognitive impairment. Considerable disagreement exists in who is most at risk of developing Long COVID, driven in part by incomplete coding of a Long COVID diagnosis in medical records.","PeriodicalId":501276,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Public and Global Health","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.30.24312828
Diana Edithe Andria-Mananjara, Modestine Raliniaina, Mihaja Rakotoarinoro, José A Nely, Nivohanitra Razafindraibe, Sylvia Noromanana Ramiandrasoa, Betthelhein Ramahefasoa, Valisoa Claude Rakotoarison, Paul R. Torgerson, Eric Cardinale, Harena Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo, Glenn Edosoa, Agnès Fleury, Kabemba E. Mwape, Bernadette Abela, Marshall W. Lightowlers, Meritxell Donadeu
Cysticercosis in humans caused by the parasite Taenia solium is one of the World Health Organization’s Neglected Tropical Diseases. The parasite is transmitted between the human host and pigs. Efforts to prevent the disease have relied mainly on treatment of people with anthelmintics. However to date there is no practical and effective control method that has been delivered as a public health program. Here we describe a large-scale, minimum inputs T. solium control program implemented as a public health program in Madagascar. Initially pigs were vaccinated for porcine cysticercosis and medicated with oxfendazole, after which only young piglets and pigs imported into the program area were targeted for interventions. After piglet interventions were in place and on-going, a single mass drug administration (MDA) was delivered to the human population with a taeniacide. The outcomes were assessed one year after the human treatment, by comparing pre-and post-intervention levels of human T. solium taeniasis and porcine cysticercosis caused by T. solium. Over a twenty-two-month period, 96,735 pig vaccinations were delivered and during the MDA, 117,216 people received taeniacide. Ninety percent of the pig population were receiving vaccination and medication at the end of the intervention period. Coverage of the eligible human population by the MDA was 62.5%. Human taeniasis was found to be 1.25% prior to the MDA and 0.6% one year after the MDA. Prior to the intervention 30.8% of slaughter-age pigs had viable T. solium infection whereas no viable infection was detected in any pig treated in the program. The program successfully demonstrated effective control of T. solium transmission using minimum inputs and delivered as a public health program. Sustained control and expansion of the program could potentially lead to the elimination of the disease being a public health problem in Madagascar.
{"title":"Evaluation of a One Health public health program based on minimum inputs to control Taenia solium in Madagascar","authors":"Diana Edithe Andria-Mananjara, Modestine Raliniaina, Mihaja Rakotoarinoro, José A Nely, Nivohanitra Razafindraibe, Sylvia Noromanana Ramiandrasoa, Betthelhein Ramahefasoa, Valisoa Claude Rakotoarison, Paul R. Torgerson, Eric Cardinale, Harena Rasamoelina-Andriamanivo, Glenn Edosoa, Agnès Fleury, Kabemba E. Mwape, Bernadette Abela, Marshall W. Lightowlers, Meritxell Donadeu","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.30.24312828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.30.24312828","url":null,"abstract":"Cysticercosis in humans caused by the parasite <em>Taenia solium</em> is one of the World Health Organization’s Neglected Tropical Diseases. The parasite is transmitted between the human host and pigs. Efforts to prevent the disease have relied mainly on treatment of people with anthelmintics. However to date there is no practical and effective control method that has been delivered as a public health program. Here we describe a large-scale, minimum inputs <em>T. solium</em> control program implemented as a public health program in Madagascar. Initially pigs were vaccinated for porcine cysticercosis and medicated with oxfendazole, after which only young piglets and pigs imported into the program area were targeted for interventions. After piglet interventions were in place and on-going, a single mass drug administration (MDA) was delivered to the human population with a taeniacide. The outcomes were assessed one year after the human treatment, by comparing pre-and post-intervention levels of human <em>T. solium</em> taeniasis and porcine cysticercosis caused by <em>T. solium</em>. Over a twenty-two-month period, 96,735 pig vaccinations were delivered and during the MDA, 117,216 people received taeniacide. Ninety percent of the pig population were receiving vaccination and medication at the end of the intervention period. Coverage of the eligible human population by the MDA was 62.5%. Human taeniasis was found to be 1.25% prior to the MDA and 0.6% one year after the MDA. Prior to the intervention 30.8% of slaughter-age pigs had viable <em>T. solium</em> infection whereas no viable infection was detected in any pig treated in the program. The program successfully demonstrated effective control of <em>T. solium</em> transmission using minimum inputs and delivered as a public health program. Sustained control and expansion of the program could potentially lead to the elimination of the disease being a public health problem in Madagascar.","PeriodicalId":501276,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Public and Global Health","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction Schistosomiasis remains a significant public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in resource-limited settings. This mixed-methods study assesses the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to schistosomiasis in two communities in Zimbabwe’s Chiredzi district: Hippo Valley Estate (HVE) and Chipimbi.
导言：血吸虫病仍然是撒哈拉以南非洲地区的一个重大公共卫生问题，尤其是在资源有限的环境中。这项混合方法研究评估了津巴布韦 Chiredzi 地区两个社区有关血吸虫病的知识、态度和实践（KAP）：Hippo Valley Estate (HVE) 和 Chipimbi。
{"title":"Insufficient Water, Sanitation, and Healthcare Facilities Hinder Schistosomiasis Control in Endemic Areas: A Mixed Methods Study","authors":"Aspire Mudavanhu, Rachelle Weeda, Maxson Kenneth Anyolitho, Linda Mlangeni, Luc Brendonck, Tawanda Manyangadze, Tine Huyse","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.30.24312829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.30.24312829","url":null,"abstract":"<strong>Introduction</strong> Schistosomiasis remains a significant public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in resource-limited settings. This mixed-methods study assesses the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to schistosomiasis in two communities in Zimbabwe’s Chiredzi district: Hippo Valley Estate (HVE) and Chipimbi.","PeriodicalId":501276,"journal":{"name":"medRxiv - Public and Global Health","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.29.24312786
Yuke Wang, Yang Yang, Crystal M. Slanzi, Xiaolong Li, Amanda Ojeda, Fevi Paro, Löıc Deblais, Habib Yakubu, Bahar Mummed Hassen, Halengo Game, Kedir Teji Roba, Elizabeth Schieber, Abdulmuen Mohammed Ibrahim, Jeylan Wolyie, Jemal Yusuf Hassen, Gireesh Rajashekara, Sarah L. McKune, Arie H. Havelaar, Christine L. Moe, Song Liang
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