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General relaxation model for a homogeneous plasma with spherically symmetric velocity space 具有球形对称速度空间的均质等离子体的一般弛豫模型
Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: arxiv-2409.10060
Yanpeng Wang, Shichao Wu, Peifeng Fan
A kinetic moment-closed model, derived from the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equationfor homogeneous plasma with spherically symmetric velocity space, is introducedas a general relaxation model. The closed form of this nonlinear model ispresented by introducing a set new functions called R function and Rintegration. This model, based on the finitely distinguishable independentfeatures hypothesis, allows for capturing the nature of equilibrium state. Fromthis relaxation model, a general temperature relaxation model is derived andthe general characteristic frequency of temperature relaxation when velocityspace exhibits spherical symmetry is presented.
引入了一个动量闭合模型作为一般弛豫模型,该模型是针对具有球形对称速度空间的均质等离子体的 Vlasov-Fokker-Planck 方程推导出来的。这一非线性模型的封闭形式是通过引入一组新函数 R 函数和 R 积分来表示的。该模型基于有限可区分独立特征假说,可以捕捉平衡态的本质。从这一弛豫模型推导出了一般温度弛豫模型,并给出了当速度空间呈现球对称性时温度弛豫的一般特征频率。
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引用次数: 0
Acoustic Lattice Resonances and Generalised Rayleigh--Bloch Waves 声晶格共振和广义瑞利-布洛赫波
Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: arxiv-2409.10074
G. J. Chaplain, S. C. Hawkins, M. A. Peter, L. G. Bennetts, T. A. Starkey
The intrigue of waves on periodic lattices and gratings has resonated withphysicists and mathematicians alike for decades. In-depth analysis has beendevoted to the seemingly simplest array system: a one-dimensionally periodiclattice of two-dimensional scatterers embedded in a dispersionless mediumgoverned by the Helmholtz equation. We investigate such a system andexperimentally confirm the existence of a new class of generalisedRayleigh--Bloch waves that have been recently theorised to exist in classicalwave regimes, without the need for resonant scatterers. Airborne acousticsserves as such a regime and here we experimentally observe the firstgeneralised Rayleigh--Bloch waves above the first cut-off, i.e., in theradiative regime. We consider radiative acoustic lattice resonances along adiffraction grating and connect them to generalised Rayleigh--Bloch waves byconsidering both short and long arrays of non-resonant 2D cylindrical Neumannscatterers embedded in air. On short arrays, we observe finite latticeresonances under continuous wave excitation, and on long arrays, we observepropagating Rayleigh--Bloch waves under pulsed excitation. We interpret theirexistence by considering multiple wave scattering theory and, in doing so,unify differing nomenclatures used to describe waves on infinite periodic andfinite arrays and the interpretation of their dispersive properties.
数十年来,周期性晶格和光栅上的波的奥秘一直引起物理学家和数学家的共鸣。我们对看似最简单的阵列系统进行了深入分析:由嵌入无色散介质中的二维散射体组成的一维周期性晶格,该介质受亥姆霍兹方程控制。我们对这种系统进行了研究,并通过实验证实了一类新的广义雷利-布洛赫波的存在。在这里,我们通过实验观测到了第一截点以上的第一种广义雷利-布洛赫波,即辐射波。我们考虑了沿衍射光栅的辐射声晶格共振,并通过考虑嵌入空气中的非共振二维圆柱形 Neumannscatterers 短阵列和长阵列,将它们与广义瑞利-布洛赫波联系起来。在短阵列上,我们观察到连续波激励下的有限晶格共振,而在长阵列上,我们观察到脉冲激励下的传播瑞利-布洛赫波。我们通过考虑多波散射理论来解释这种现象,并在此过程中统一了用于描述无限周期阵列和无限阵列上的波的不同术语及其色散特性的解释。
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引用次数: 0
$mathrm{U}(1)^{n}$ Chern-Simons theory: partition function, reciprocity formula and CS-duality $mathrm{U}(1)^{n}$ 切尔-西蒙斯理论:分割函数、互易公式和 CS-二重性
Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: arxiv-2409.10734
Han-Miru Kim, Philippe Mathieu, Michail Tagaris, Frank Thuillier
The $mathrm{U}(1)$ Chern-Simons theory can be extended to a topological$mathrm{U}(1)^n$ theory by taking a combination of Chern-Simons and BFactions, the mixing being achieved with the help of a collection of integercoupling constants. Based on the Deligne-Beilinson cohomology, a partitionfunction can then be computed for such a $mathrm{U}(1)^n$ Chern-Simons theory.This partition function is clearly a topological invariant of the closedoriented $3$-manifold on which the theory is defined. Then, by applying areciprocity formula a new expression of this invariant is obtained which shouldbe a Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant. Finally, a duality between $mathrm{U}(1)^n$Chern-Simons theories is demonstrated.
$mathrm{U}(1)$钱尔恩-西蒙斯理论可以通过钱尔恩-西蒙斯和BF作用的组合扩展为拓扑$mathrm{U}(1)^n$理论,而这种混合是在一系列整数耦合常数的帮助下实现的。基于德利尼-贝林森同调,可以计算出这样一个$mathrm{U}(1)^n$ Chern-Simons理论的分区函数。然后,通过应用areciprocity公式得到了这个不变量的新表达式,它应该是一个雷谢提金-图拉耶夫不变量。最后,证明了$mathrm{U}(1)^n$切恩-西蒙斯理论之间的对偶性。
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引用次数: 0
The full electroweak interaction: an autonomous account 完整的电弱相互作用:自主的解释
Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: arxiv-2409.10668
José M. Gracia-Bondía, Karl-Henning Rehren, Joseph C. Várilly
The precise renormalizable interactions in the bosonic sector of electroweaktheory are intrinsically determined in the autonomous approach to perturbationtheory. This proceeds directly on the Hilbert-Fock space built on the Wignerunirreps of the physical particles, with their given masses: those of threemassive vector bosons, a photon, and a massive scalar (the "higgs"). Neither"gauge choices" nor an unobservable "mechanism of spontaneous symmetrybreaking" are invoked. Instead, to proceed on Hilbert space requires usingstring-localized fields to describe the vector bosons. In such a framework, thecondition of string independence of the S-matrix yields consistency constraintson the coupling coefficients, the unique outcome being the experimentally knownone. The analysis can be largely carried out for other configurations ofmassive and massless vector bosons, paving the way towards consideration ofconsistent mass patterns beyond those of the electroweak theory.
电弱理论玻色扇面中的精确重正化相互作用是由摄动理论的自主方法内在决定的。它直接在希尔伯特-福克空间(Hilbert-Fock space)上进行,而希尔伯特-福克空间是建立在物理粒子的维格涅尔反演(Wignerunirreps)上的,物理粒子的给定质量是:三个大质量矢量玻色子、一个光子和一个大质量标量("希格斯")。既没有 "量规选择",也没有不可观测的 "自发对称性破坏机制"。相反,在希尔伯特空间上进行研究需要使用弦定位场来描述矢量玻色子。在这样的框架中,S 矩阵的弦独立性条件产生了耦合系数的一致性约束,唯一的结果就是实验已知的耦合系数。这种分析在很大程度上可以用于有质量和无质量矢量玻色子的其他构型,为考虑电弱理论之外的一致质量模式铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Symmetries of Liouvillians of squeeze-driven parametric oscillators 挤压驱动参数振荡器的刘维利对称性
Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: arxiv-2409.10744
Francesco Iachello, Colin V. Coane, Jayameenakshi Venkatraman
We study the symmetries of the Liouville superoperator of one dimensionalparametric oscillators, especially the so-called squeeze-driven Kerroscillator, and discover a remarkable quasi-spin symmetry $su(2)$ at integervalues of the ratio $eta =omega /K$ of the detuning parameter $omega$ to theKerr coefficient $K$, which reflects the symmetry previously found for theHamiltonian operator. We find that the Liouvillian of an $su(2)$ representation$leftvert j,m_{j}rightrangle$ has a characteristic double-ellipsoidalstructure, and calculate the relaxation time $T_{X}$ for this structure. Wethen study the phase transitions of the Liouvillian which occur as a functionof the parameters $xi =varepsilon _{2}/K$ and $eta=omega /K$. Finally, westudy the temperature dependence of the spectrum of eigenvalues of theLiouvillian. Our findings may have applications in the generation andstabilization of states of interest in quantum computing.
我们研究了一维参数振荡器的刘维尔超算子的对称性,特别是所谓的挤压驱动的凯氏振荡器,并发现了在解谐参数$omega$与凯氏系数$K$的比值$eta =omega/K$的整数处有一个显著的准自旋对称性$su(2)$,这反映了之前发现的哈密尔顿算子的对称性。我们发现$su(2)$表示$leftvert j,m_{j}rightrangle$ 的Liouvillian具有特征性的双椭圆结构,并计算了这种结构的弛豫时间$T_{X}$。然后研究了作为参数 $xi =varepsilon _{2}/K$ 和 $eta=omega /K$ 的函数而发生的 Liouvillian 相变。最后,我们研究了Liouvillian特征值谱的温度依赖性。我们的发现可能会应用于量子计算中感兴趣的状态的产生和稳定。
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引用次数: 0
An explicit tensor notation for quantum computing 量子计算的显式张量符号
Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: arxiv-2409.10487
Valentina Amitrano, Francesco Pederiva
This paper introduces a formalism that aims to describe the intricacies ofquantum computation by establishing a connection with the mathematicalfoundations of tensor theory and multilinear maps. The focus is on providing acomprehensive representation of quantum states for multiple qubits and thequantum gates that manipulate them. The proposed formalism could contribute toa more intuitive representation of qubit states, and to a clear visualisationof the entanglement property. The main advantages of this formalism are that itpreserves the fundamental structure of the Hilbert space to which quantumstates belong, and also reduces the computational cost associated withclassical prediction of the effect of quantum gates on multi-qubit states. Aconnection between the ability to generate entanglement and the quantum gaterepresentation is also established.
本文介绍了一种形式主义,旨在通过与张量理论和多线性映射的数学基础建立联系来描述量子计算的复杂性。重点是为多个量子比特和操纵它们的量子门提供量子态的综合表示。所提出的形式主义有助于更直观地表示量子比特状态,并使纠缠特性清晰可视化。这种形式主义的主要优势在于,它保留了量子态所属希尔伯特空间的基本结构,还降低了量子门对多量子比特态影响的经典预测所需的计算成本。产生纠缠的能力与量子门表示之间的联系也得以建立。
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引用次数: 0
The Weakly Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation in Higher Dimensions with Quasi-periodic Initial Data 具有准周期初始数据的高维度弱非线性薛定谔方程
Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: arxiv-2409.10006
Fei XuJilin University
In this paper, under the exponential/polynomial decay condition in Fourierspace, we prove that the nonlinear solution to the quasi-periodic Cauchyproblem for the weakly nonlinear Schr"odinger equation in higher dimensionswill asymptotically approach the associated linear solution within a specifictime scale. The proof is based on a combinatorial analysis method. Our resultsand methods work for {em arbitrary} space dimensions and focusing/defocusing{em arbitrary} power-law nonlinearities.
在本文中,在傅里叶空间的指数/对数衰减条件下,我们证明了弱非线性薛定谔方程在高维的准周期考奇问题的非线性解将在特定时间尺度内渐近于相关的线性解。证明基于组合分析方法。我们的结果和方法适用于{em arbitrary}空间维数和聚焦/去聚焦{em arbitrary}幂律非线性。
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引用次数: 0
The thermodynamic limit in mean field neural networks 平均场神经网络的热力学极限
Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: arxiv-2409.10145
Elena Agliari, Adriano Barra, Pierluigi Bianco, Alberto Fachechi, Diego Pallara
In the last five decades, mean-field neural-networks have played a crucialrole in modelling associative memories and, in particular, the Hopfield modelhas been extensively studied using tools borrowed from the statisticalmechanics of spin glasses. However, achieving mathematical control of theinfinite-volume limit of the model's free-energy has remained elusive, as thestandard treatments developed for spin-glasses have proven unfeasible. Here weaddress this long-standing problem by proving that a measure-concentrationassumption for the order parameters of the theory is sufficient for theexistence of the asymptotic limit of the model's free energy. The proofleverages the equivalence between the free energy of the Hopfield model and alinear combination of the free energies of a hard and a soft spin-glass, whosethermodynamic limits are rigorously known. Our work focuses on thereplica-symmetry level of description (for which we recover the explicitexpression of the free-energy found in the eighties via heuristic methods),yet, our scheme is expected to work also under (at least) the first step ofreplica symmetry breaking.
在过去的五十年里,均值场神经网络在联想记忆建模中发挥了至关重要的作用,尤其是利用从自旋玻璃统计力学中借鉴的工具对 Hopfield 模型进行了广泛的研究。然而,由于为自旋玻璃开发的标准处理方法已被证明不可行,实现对该模型自由能的无限体积极限的数学控制仍然难以实现。在这里,我们解决了这个长期存在的问题,证明了理论阶次参数的量浓度假设足以保证模型自由能渐近极限的存在。证明利用了 Hopfield 模型自由能与硬自旋玻璃和软自旋玻璃自由能的线性组合之间的等价性,而后者的热力学极限是严格已知的。我们的工作集中在复制对称水平的描述上(我们通过启发式方法恢复了八十年代发现的自由能的解释性表达),然而,我们的方案预计也能在(至少)复制对称破缺的第一步下工作。
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引用次数: 0
Two transitions in complex eigenvalue statistics: Hermiticity and integrability breaking 复特征值统计中的两种转变:隐含性和可整性打破
Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: arxiv-2409.10625
G. Akemann, F. Balducci, A. Chenu, P. Päßler, F. Roccati, R. Shir
Open quantum systems have complex energy eigenvalues which are expected tofollow non-Hermitian random matrix statistics when chaotic, or 2-dimensional(2d) Poisson statistics when integrable. We investigate the spectral propertiesof a many-body quantum spin chain, the Hermitian XXZ Heisenberg model withimaginary disorder. Its rich complex eigenvalue statistics is found toseparately break both Hermiticity and integrability at different scales of thedisorder strength. With no disorder, the system is integrable and Hermitian,with spectral statistics corresponding to 1d Poisson. At very small disorder,we find a transition from 1d Poisson statistics to an effective $D$-dimensionalPoisson point process, showing Hermiticity breaking. At intermediate disorderwe find integrability breaking, and the statistics agrees with that ofnon-Hermitian complex symmetric random matrices in class AI$^dag$. For largedisorder, we recover the expected 2d Poisson statistics. Our analysis usesnumerically generated nearest and next-to-nearest neighbour spacingdistributions of an effective 2d Coulomb gas description at inverse temperature$beta$, fitting them to the spin chain data. We confirm such an effectivedescription of random matrices in class AI$^dag$ and AII$^dag$ up tonext-to-nearest neighbour spacings.
开放量子系统具有复杂的能量特征值,这些特征值在混沌时遵循非赫米提随机矩阵统计,在可积分时遵循二维(2d)泊松统计。我们研究了多体量子自旋链--具有虚无序的赫米蒂 XXZ 海森堡模型--的谱特性。我们发现,其丰富的复特征值统计在无序强度的不同尺度上分别打破了赫米蒂性和可整性。在没有无序的情况下,系统是可积分的、赫米特的,其频谱统计与 1d 泊松对应。在非常小的无序状态下,我们发现从 1d 泊松统计量过渡到有效的 $D$ 维泊松点过程,显示了赫米特性的破坏。在中等无序度时,我们发现了可整性破坏,统计量与类 AI$^dag$ 中的非赫米提复数对称随机矩阵的统计量一致。对于大无序,我们恢复了预期的二维泊松统计。我们的分析使用了数值生成的反温度$^beta$下有效二维库仑气体描述的最近邻和近邻空间分布,并将它们与自旋链数据进行了拟合。我们证实了这种对 AI$^dag$ 和 AII$^dag$ 类随机矩阵的最近邻空间的有效描述。
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引用次数: 0
Convergence of integrals on the moduli spaces of curves and cographical matroids 曲线模空间上积分的收敛性和自传体矩阵
Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: arxiv-2409.10005
Alexander Polishchuk, Nicholas Proudfoot
We determine the convergence regions of certain local integrals on the modulispaces of curves in neighborhoods of fixed stable curves in terms of thecombinatorics of the corresponding graphs.
我们根据相应图形的组合学来确定固定稳定曲线邻域中曲线模空间上某些局部积分的收敛区域。
{"title":"Convergence of integrals on the moduli spaces of curves and cographical matroids","authors":"Alexander Polishchuk, Nicholas Proudfoot","doi":"arxiv-2409.10005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/arxiv-2409.10005","url":null,"abstract":"We determine the convergence regions of certain local integrals on the moduli\u0000spaces of curves in neighborhoods of fixed stable curves in terms of the\u0000combinatorics of the corresponding graphs.","PeriodicalId":501312,"journal":{"name":"arXiv - MATH - Mathematical Physics","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
arXiv - MATH - Mathematical Physics
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