Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.09.607089
Clifton P Bueno de Mesquita, Corinne M. Walsh, Ziv Attia, Brady D Koehler, Zachary J Tarble, David L. Van Tassel, Nolan C. Kane, Brent S Hulke
Associations with soil microorganisms are crucial for plants' overall health and functioning. While much work has been done to understand drivers of rhizosphere microbiome structure and function, the relative importance of geography, climate, soil properties, and plant genetics remains unclear, as results have been mixed and comprehensive studies across many sites and genotypes are limited. Rhizosphere microbiomes are crucial for crop resistance to pathogens, stress tolerance, nutrient availability, and ultimately yield. Here we quantify the relative roles of plant genotype, environment, and their interaction in shaping soil rhizosphere communities, using 16S and ITS gene sequencing of rhizosphere soils from 10 common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) genotypes from 15 sites across the Great Plains of the United States. While site generally outweighed genotype overall in terms of effects on archaeal, bacterial and fungal richness, community composition, and taxa relative abundances, there was also a significant interaction such that genotype exerted a significant influence on archaeal, bacterial and fungal microbiomes in certain sites. Site effects were attributed to a combination of spatial distance and differences in climate and soil properties. Microbial taxa that were previously associated with resistance to the fungal necrotrophic pathogen Sclerotinia were present in most sites but differed significantly in relative abundance across sites. Our results have implications for plant breeding and agronomic microbiome manipulations for agricultural improvement across different geographic regions.
{"title":"Environment, plant genetics, and their interaction shape important aspects of sunflower rhizosphere microbial communities","authors":"Clifton P Bueno de Mesquita, Corinne M. Walsh, Ziv Attia, Brady D Koehler, Zachary J Tarble, David L. Van Tassel, Nolan C. Kane, Brent S Hulke","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.09.607089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.09.607089","url":null,"abstract":"Associations with soil microorganisms are crucial for plants' overall health and functioning. While much work has been done to understand drivers of rhizosphere microbiome structure and function, the relative importance of geography, climate, soil properties, and plant genetics remains unclear, as results have been mixed and comprehensive studies across many sites and genotypes are limited. Rhizosphere microbiomes are crucial for crop resistance to pathogens, stress tolerance, nutrient availability, and ultimately yield. Here we quantify the relative roles of plant genotype, environment, and their interaction in shaping soil rhizosphere communities, using 16S and ITS gene sequencing of rhizosphere soils from 10 common sunflower (Helianthus annuus) genotypes from 15 sites across the Great Plains of the United States. While site generally outweighed genotype overall in terms of effects on archaeal, bacterial and fungal richness, community composition, and taxa relative abundances, there was also a significant interaction such that genotype exerted a significant influence on archaeal, bacterial and fungal microbiomes in certain sites. Site effects were attributed to a combination of spatial distance and differences in climate and soil properties. Microbial taxa that were previously associated with resistance to the fungal necrotrophic pathogen Sclerotinia were present in most sites but differed significantly in relative abundance across sites. Our results have implications for plant breeding and agronomic microbiome manipulations for agricultural improvement across different geographic regions.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-10DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.09.606968
Joan J. Soto-Angel, Pawel Burkhardt
Reverse development, or the ability to rejuvenate by morphological reorganization into the preceding life cycle stage is thought to be restricted to a few species within Cnidaria. To date, the cnidarian Turritopsis dohrnii is the only known species capable of undergoing reverse development after the onset of sexual reproduction. Here, we demonstrate that the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi is capable of reversal from mature lobate to early cydippid when fed following a period of stress. Our findings illuminate central aspects of ctenophore development, ecology, and evolution, and show the high potential of M. leidyi as a new model system to study reverse development and rejuvenation. Besides shedding light on the plasticity of developmental programs, our results raise fundamental questions about early animal development, body plans and life cycles.
{"title":"Reverse development in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi","authors":"Joan J. Soto-Angel, Pawel Burkhardt","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.09.606968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.09.606968","url":null,"abstract":"Reverse development, or the ability to rejuvenate by morphological reorganization into the preceding life cycle stage is thought to be restricted to a few species within Cnidaria. To date, the cnidarian Turritopsis dohrnii is the only known species capable of undergoing reverse development after the onset of sexual reproduction. Here, we demonstrate that the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi is capable of reversal from mature lobate to early cydippid when fed following a period of stress. Our findings illuminate central aspects of ctenophore development, ecology, and evolution, and show the high potential of M. leidyi as a new model system to study reverse development and rejuvenation. Besides shedding light on the plasticity of developmental programs, our results raise fundamental questions about early animal development, body plans and life cycles.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.07.607047
David C Douglas, Michael D Fleming, Vijay P Patil, David H Ward
Two eelgrass (Zostera marina) maps of Izembek Lagoon, Alaska, were generated by first creating maps of spectrally unique classes from each of two Sentinel-2 satellite images collected on July 1, 2016, and August 14, 2020, then attributing the spectral classes with information about eelgrass conditions based on field data. Maps depicting various eelgrass metrics, such as percent cover and modeled biomass, were generated using summaries of the ground data that spatially intersected each spectral class. Comparisons between the 2016 and 2020 Sentinel-2 maps of eelgrass distributional extent, as well as a 2006 Landsat map, indicated that areas where eelgrass presence may have declined between 2006 and 2020 were most prevalent in the central part Izembek Lagoon, while areas of possible biomass decline were more prevalent in the southern part between 2016 and 2020. Monitoring eelgrass conditions at Izembek Lagoon with satellite imagery and concurrent ground data provides capabilities for making comparisons over time, but the influences of tide levels, growing season phenology, and spatiotemporal co-registration accuracy should be considered when designing and interpreting change detection analyses.
{"title":"Mapping Eelgrass Cover and Biomass at Izembek Lagoon, Alaska, Using In-situ Field Data and Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery","authors":"David C Douglas, Michael D Fleming, Vijay P Patil, David H Ward","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.07.607047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.07.607047","url":null,"abstract":"Two eelgrass (Zostera marina) maps of Izembek Lagoon, Alaska, were generated by first creating maps of spectrally unique classes from each of two Sentinel-2 satellite images collected on July 1, 2016, and August 14, 2020, then attributing the spectral classes with information about eelgrass conditions based on field data. Maps depicting various eelgrass metrics, such as percent cover and modeled biomass, were generated using summaries of the ground data that spatially intersected each spectral class. Comparisons between the 2016 and 2020 Sentinel-2 maps of eelgrass distributional extent, as well as a 2006 Landsat map, indicated that areas where eelgrass presence may have declined between 2006 and 2020 were most prevalent in the central part Izembek Lagoon, while areas of possible biomass decline were more prevalent in the southern part between 2016 and 2020. Monitoring eelgrass conditions at Izembek Lagoon with satellite imagery and concurrent ground data provides capabilities for making comparisons over time, but the influences of tide levels, growing season phenology, and spatiotemporal co-registration accuracy should be considered when designing and interpreting change detection analyses.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.08.607119
Daizy Bharti, Arnab Ghosh, Santosh Kumar
Coral reefs exhibit remarkable resilience to natural disturbances but face challenges due to global changes and emerging diseases. In the present study, we recorded a total of 51 ciliates and over 400 bacteria associated with healthy and diseased corals from the Ramsar site Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park, India, based on morphology, silver staining, and Next Generation Sequencing. Our study contributes to the growing understanding of ciliate diversity and provides insights into the dynamics of ciliate-associated coral diseases, towards developing effective biocontrol agents for coral bleaching and conservation strategies to safeguard coral reef ecosystems.
{"title":"Coralline companions: Exploring microbes in coral ecosystems","authors":"Daizy Bharti, Arnab Ghosh, Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.08.607119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.08.607119","url":null,"abstract":"Coral reefs exhibit remarkable resilience to natural disturbances but face challenges due to global changes and emerging diseases. In the present study, we recorded a total of 51 ciliates and over 400 bacteria associated with healthy and diseased corals from the Ramsar site Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park, India, based on morphology, silver staining, and Next Generation Sequencing. Our study contributes to the growing understanding of ciliate diversity and provides insights into the dynamics of ciliate-associated coral diseases, towards developing effective biocontrol agents for coral bleaching and conservation strategies to safeguard coral reef ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.08.607030
Yan Boulanger, Adele Desaint, Veronique Martel, Maryse Marchand, Salomon Massoda Tonye, Remi Saint-Amant, Jacques Regniere
Climate change is redefining the dynamics of forest ecosystems globally, particularly through its impact on forest pest populations such as the spruce budworm (SBW, Choristoneura fumiferana [Clem.]), a major defoliator in North American boreal forests. This study investigates the shifts in the population dynamics of spruce budworm across its range in response to recent climate change. We used a process-based, temperature-dependent ecophysiological model combined with the ERA5 reanalysis to assess changes in SBW phenology, reproduction rate, winter survival and population growth rates from 1950 to 2022 across North America. Our findings demonstrate a pronounced northward expansion of suitable climate conditions for SBW, accompanied by earlier phenological events and increased reproduction rates in northern regions. Conversely, the southern parts of its range are experiencing increased winter mortality due to warmer temperatures. This study highlights the significant impact of elevated temperatures, particularly during critical developmental windows such as spring and summer, which are pivotal for spruce budworm survival and reproduction. Additionally, our results reveal that the observed shifts in pest dynamics are more strongly driven by climate change than by changes in landscape composition and structure. We estimated that suitable growth rates have shifted northward by over 68 km on average, but this shift reached more than 200 km in the easternmost portions of its range. Climate-induced shift in suitable conditions for SBW underscores the need for adaptive forest management strategies that consider the rapid ecological changes and the potential for increased forest vulnerability due to climatic and biotic stressors. This study provides vital insights that can inform adaptive management ensuring the sustainability of forest ecosystems in the face of ongoing climate change.
{"title":"Recent climate change strongly impacted the population dynamic of a North American insect pest species","authors":"Yan Boulanger, Adele Desaint, Veronique Martel, Maryse Marchand, Salomon Massoda Tonye, Remi Saint-Amant, Jacques Regniere","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.08.607030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.08.607030","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is redefining the dynamics of forest ecosystems globally, particularly through its impact on forest pest populations such as the spruce budworm (SBW, Choristoneura fumiferana [Clem.]), a major defoliator in North American boreal forests. This study investigates the shifts in the population dynamics of spruce budworm across its range in response to recent climate change. We used a process-based, temperature-dependent ecophysiological model combined with the ERA5 reanalysis to assess changes in SBW phenology, reproduction rate, winter survival and population growth rates from 1950 to 2022 across North America. Our findings demonstrate a pronounced northward expansion of suitable climate conditions for SBW, accompanied by earlier phenological events and increased reproduction rates in northern regions. Conversely, the southern parts of its range are experiencing increased winter mortality due to warmer temperatures. This study highlights the significant impact of elevated temperatures, particularly during critical developmental windows such as spring and summer, which are pivotal for spruce budworm survival and reproduction. Additionally, our results reveal that the observed shifts in pest dynamics are more strongly driven by climate change than by changes in landscape composition and structure. We estimated that suitable growth rates have shifted northward by over 68 km on average, but this shift reached more than 200 km in the easternmost portions of its range. Climate-induced shift in suitable conditions for SBW underscores the need for adaptive forest management strategies that consider the rapid ecological changes and the potential for increased forest vulnerability due to climatic and biotic stressors. This study provides vital insights that can inform adaptive management ensuring the sustainability of forest ecosystems in the face of ongoing climate change.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.08.607160
François Duchenne, Virginia Domínguez-García, Francisco Molina, Ignasi Bartomeus
Evolutionary and ecological forces shape species coexistence, but how different ecological mechanisms drive coevolutionary dynamics remains poorly understood. Focusing on mutualistic communities, we explore how morphological and phenological trait matching can shape the coevolution of species traits, influence the evolutionary trajectories at the community level, and determine community stability. Using in silico experiments, we first show that because phenological traits can decouple interactions in time, their coevolutionary dynamics led to the emergence of interaction motifs promoting facilitation over competition. In contrast, coevolution driven by morphological traits led to poorly structured networks with higher connectance. As a consequence, phenological coevolution increased the ecological stability of the community, relative to those coevolved based on morphology, and dampened the diversity-stability trade-off observed in morphologically coevolved communities. Next, by using 17 empirical pollination networks, we show that phenological motifs promoting facilitation were abundant in natural communities, and that as predicted by the theoretical models, the phenological structure in species interactions was a major determinant of the structural stability of these empirical communities. These results show that modelling explicitly the basic mechanisms determining species interactions is crucial to understand how species coevolve, and the ecological properties emerging at the community level, such as community structure and stability.
{"title":"Coevolution and temporal dynamics of species interactions shape species coexistence","authors":"François Duchenne, Virginia Domínguez-García, Francisco Molina, Ignasi Bartomeus","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.08.607160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.08.607160","url":null,"abstract":"Evolutionary and ecological forces shape species coexistence, but how different ecological mechanisms drive coevolutionary dynamics remains poorly understood. Focusing on mutualistic communities, we explore how morphological and phenological trait matching can shape the coevolution of species traits, influence the evolutionary trajectories at the community level, and determine community stability. Using in silico experiments, we first show that because phenological traits can decouple interactions in time, their coevolutionary dynamics led to the emergence of interaction motifs promoting facilitation over competition. In contrast, coevolution driven by morphological traits led to poorly structured networks with higher connectance. As a consequence, phenological coevolution increased the ecological stability of the community, relative to those coevolved based on morphology, and dampened the diversity-stability trade-off observed in morphologically coevolved communities. Next, by using 17 empirical pollination networks, we show that phenological motifs promoting facilitation were abundant in natural communities, and that as predicted by the theoretical models, the phenological structure in species interactions was a major determinant of the structural stability of these empirical communities. These results show that modelling explicitly the basic mechanisms determining species interactions is crucial to understand how species coevolve, and the ecological properties emerging at the community level, such as community structure and stability.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.09.607168
Leone Ermes Romano, Luca Braglia, Maria Adelaide Iannelli, Yuri Lee, Laura Morello
Interspecific hybridization and polyploidization are recognized as two main driving forces in plant evolution, shaping genomes and favoring evolutionary novelty and ecological adaptation. Recent studies have demonstrated hybridization within the genus Lemna (Lemnaceae Martinov). Lemna minor has given rise to two interspecific hybrids: Lemna x japonica, recognized as a species since 1980, and the newly discovered L. x mediterranea, identified among germplasm collection clones. L. x mediterranea, a hybrid between L. minor and L. gibba, was hypothesized to correspond to the species L. symmeter, which was invalidly described about 50 years ago in Southern Italy. A sampling campaign identified eight populations of the hybrid, at different sites across the Campania region, in Italy. The isolated specimens were found to be genetically identical by the nuclear marker Tubulin-based polymorphism (TBP), likely belonging to the same original clone (LER-LME) distinct from previously analyzed collection clones, suggesting recurrent hybridization. The natural hybrid clone is triploid, with L. gibba as the plastid donor. Morphology is very similar to L. gibba, although the typical gibbosity of this species becomes evident only upon flower induction. Flowers are protogynous and self-sterile. Populations of both parent species, L. minor and L. gibba, were recovered during the survey, recording a high genetic variability in L. minor. Other Lemnaceae species, Wolffia arrhiza and L. trisulca were also occasionally present. The presence of the invasive species L. minuta seems to be less prevalent with respect to other Italian regions. Synthesis: Five populations of the cryptic hybrid L. x mediterranea were discovered for the first time in the wild in Southern Italy. Clones isolated from these populations, sampled from distinct water bodies over an area of about 4200 Km2, are genetically indistinguishable and likely originated from the same hybridization event. Thanks to high intron polymorphism, TBP provides a straightforward method for genetically identifying sterile clonal lineages and tracking their spatial and temporal distribution. Ecological factors including competition with parental and invasive species, niche and climate change adaptation, stability in time and space are to be investigated.
种间杂交和多倍体化被认为是植物进化的两大动力，它们塑造了基因组，有利于进化的新颖性和生态适应性。最近的研究证明了Lemna属（Lemnaceae Martinov）的杂交。小百合属（Lemna minor）产生了两个种间杂交种：Lemna x mediterranea，是在种质收集克隆中发现的。L. x mediterranea是L. minor和L. gibba的杂交种，被假定与50年前在意大利南部被无效描述的物种L.一项取样活动在意大利坎帕尼亚地区的不同地点发现了该杂交种的八个种群。通过核标记管蛋白多态性（TBP）发现，分离出的标本在遗传学上是相同的，可能属于同一个原始克隆（LER-LME），与之前分析的采集克隆不同，这表明杂交是反复进行的。自然杂交克隆为三倍体，以 L. gibba 为质体供体。形态与 L. gibba 非常相似，但该物种典型的雌雄同株现象只有在诱导开花时才变得明显。花为原雌蕊，自花不育。调查期间发现了两个亲本物种--L. minor 和 L. gibba--的种群，记录了 L. minor 的高遗传变异性。其他柠檬科植物、Wolffia arrhiza 和 L. trisulca 也偶尔出现。与意大利其他地区相比，入侵物种 L. minuta 的存在似乎不太普遍：x mediterranea 的五个种群。从这些种群中分离出来的克隆，取样于面积约为 4200 平方公里的不同水体，在遗传学上没有区别，很可能源自同一杂交事件。由于内含子具有高度多态性，TBP 为从基因上识别不育克隆系和追踪其时空分布提供了一种直接的方法。生态因素包括与亲本和入侵物种的竞争、生态位和气候变化适应性、时间和空间的稳定性等都有待研究。
{"title":"A survey of duckweed species in southern Italy provided first occurrences of the hybrid Lemna × mediterranea in the wild","authors":"Leone Ermes Romano, Luca Braglia, Maria Adelaide Iannelli, Yuri Lee, Laura Morello","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.09.607168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.09.607168","url":null,"abstract":"Interspecific hybridization and polyploidization are recognized as two main driving forces in plant evolution, shaping genomes and favoring evolutionary novelty and ecological adaptation. Recent studies have demonstrated hybridization within the genus Lemna (Lemnaceae Martinov). Lemna minor has given rise to two interspecific hybrids: Lemna x japonica, recognized as a species since 1980, and the newly discovered L. x mediterranea, identified among germplasm collection clones. L. x mediterranea, a hybrid between L. minor and L. gibba, was hypothesized to correspond to the species L. symmeter, which was invalidly described about 50 years ago in Southern Italy. A sampling campaign identified eight populations of the hybrid, at different sites across the Campania region, in Italy. The isolated specimens were found to be genetically identical by the nuclear marker Tubulin-based polymorphism (TBP), likely belonging to the same original clone (LER-LME) distinct from previously analyzed collection clones, suggesting recurrent hybridization. The natural hybrid clone is triploid, with L. gibba as the plastid donor. Morphology is very similar to L. gibba, although the typical gibbosity of this species becomes evident only upon flower induction. Flowers are protogynous and self-sterile. Populations of both parent species, L. minor and L. gibba, were recovered during the survey, recording a high genetic variability in L. minor. Other Lemnaceae species, Wolffia arrhiza and L. trisulca were also occasionally present. The presence of the invasive species L. minuta seems to be less prevalent with respect to other Italian regions.\u0000Synthesis: Five populations of the cryptic hybrid L. x mediterranea were discovered for the first time in the wild in Southern Italy. Clones isolated from these populations, sampled from distinct water bodies over an area of about 4200 Km2, are genetically indistinguishable and likely originated from the same hybridization event. Thanks to high intron polymorphism, TBP provides a straightforward method for genetically identifying sterile clonal lineages and tracking their spatial and temporal distribution. Ecological factors including competition with parental and invasive species, niche and climate change adaptation, stability in time and space are to be investigated.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.08.607162
Vincent Zieschank, Robert R Junker
The insurance hypothesis of biodiversity assumes that ecosystem stability rises with increasing biodiversity because functionally redundant species respond differently to environmental changes, allowing some species to compensate for the loss of others. We tested this hypothesis by combining extensive field data and a common garden experiment where sods originating from different regions were subjected to land-use treatments. Based on plant species-specific performance-environment relationships with abundance as performance proxy and land-use intensity as environmental variable, we calculated response dissimilarity of species-pairs. The resulting dissimilarity matrix was used to calculate response diversity (functional dispersion) of grass sods before and after land-use treatments. Our results showed that high land-use intensity decreased response diversity of plant communities both in the field as well as in the common garden. Response diversity in grass sods increased functional stability but decreased stability in terms of species diversity and composition as communities with high response diversity lost species without replacement in response to experimental land-use change, while those with low response diversity showed species turnover. We conclude that response diversity is an important component of biodiversity and discuss future research directions to refine and generalize the concept of response diversity and its role in ecosystem stability.
{"title":"Response diversity increases functional stability but decreases diversity and compositional stability of grassland communities","authors":"Vincent Zieschank, Robert R Junker","doi":"10.1101/2024.08.08.607162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.08.08.607162","url":null,"abstract":"The insurance hypothesis of biodiversity assumes that ecosystem stability rises with increasing biodiversity because functionally redundant species respond differently to environmental changes, allowing some species to compensate for the loss of others. We tested this hypothesis by combining extensive field data and a common garden experiment where sods originating from different regions were subjected to land-use treatments. Based on plant species-specific performance-environment relationships with abundance as performance proxy and land-use intensity as environmental variable, we calculated response dissimilarity of species-pairs. The resulting dissimilarity matrix was used to calculate response diversity (functional dispersion) of grass sods before and after land-use treatments. Our results showed that high land-use intensity decreased response diversity of plant communities both in the field as well as in the common garden. Response diversity in grass sods increased functional stability but decreased stability in terms of species diversity and composition as communities with high response diversity lost species without replacement in response to experimental land-use change, while those with low response diversity showed species turnover. We conclude that response diversity is an important component of biodiversity and discuss future research directions to refine and generalize the concept of response diversity and its role in ecosystem stability.","PeriodicalId":501320,"journal":{"name":"bioRxiv - Ecology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.07.606987
Simone Ugo Maria Bregaglio, Eugenio Rossi, Lorenzo Ascari, Gabriele Mongiano, Eleonora Del Cavallo, Sofia Bajocco, Luisa Maria Manici, Antonio Gerardo Pepe, Chiara Bassi, Rocchina Tiso, Fabio Pietrangeli, Giovanna Cattaneo, Camilla Nigro, Marco Secondo Gerardi, Simone Bussotti, Angela Sanchioni, Danilo Tognetti, Mariangela Sandra, Irene De Lillo, Paolo Framarin, Sandra Di Ferdinando, Riccardo Bugiani
Meeting the EU targets to halve chemical pesticide use by 2030 necessitates European farmers to adopt Integrated Pest Management principles as the standard. Decision support systems are valuable tools to meet this target and rely on individual disease models to identify conducive conditions to fungal infections. These models are often proprietary assets of digital startups and agrochemical companies, leading to a lack of transparency for farmers and a bias towards chemical solutions over sustainable practices. We present octoPus, the first free digital tool designed to support the control of primary infections of grapevine downy mildew, and we evaluate its performance and behavior on a wide set of environmental conditions and agricultural contexts. We implemented eight models from scientific articles (Rule310, Laore, EPI, IPI, DMcast, UCSC, Misfits, Magarey, the tentacles), and evaluated them across Italian grapevine areas from 2001 to 2020. Model outputs were integrated with phenology and susceptibility models (the eyes), which were calibrated using data from regional extension services bulletins. The simulated infections serve as predictors in a Random Forest algorithm (brain) that elaborates an overall risk level (very low to very high). The Llama large language model is used to generate user-supportive messages (the mouth). octoPus is released as an open-source software, which reads weather data, executes the models, and presents outputs in natural language and symbolic syntax. Our results showed reasonable accuracy in simulating grapevine phenology (RMSE = 9-10 days) and seasonal risk (RMSE ≈ 0.75). The infection models consistently identified a moisture and thermal north-south suitability gradient in Italy and accurately detected years with low or high downy mildew pressure. However, the models displayed significant differences in the number and dynamics of simulated infections, with two distinct patterns within the ensemble. Meeting the EU targets to halve chemical pesticide use by 2030 necessitates European farmers to adopt Integrated Pest Management principles as the standard. Decision support systems are valuable tools to meet this target and rely on individual disease models to identify conducive conditions to fungal infections. These models are often proprietary assets of digital startups and agrochemical companies, leading to a lack of transparency for farmers and a bias towards chemical solutions over sustainable practices. We present octoPus, the first free digital tool designed to support the control of primary infections of grapevine downy mildew, and we evaluate its performance and behavior on a wide set of environmental conditions and agricultural contexts. We implemented eight models from scientific articles (Rule310, Laore, EPI, IPI, DMcast, UCSC, Misfits, Magarey, the "tentacles"), and evaluated them across Italian grapevine areas from 2001 to 2020. Model outputs were integrated with phenology and susceptibility models (the
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Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.08.607095
Anita Giraldo-Ospina, Tom Bell, Mark H. Carr, Jennifer E. Caselle
Highlights
亮点
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