Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2405014
Xiaojuan Xue,Gilles Pourtois
Threat-related stimuli can capture attention. However, it remains debated whether this capture is automatic or not. To address this question, we compared attentional biases to emotional faces using a dot-probe task (DPT) where emotion was never goal-relevant (Experiment 1) or made directly task-relevant by means of induction trials (Experiments 2-3). Moreover, the contingency between the DPT and induction trials was either partial (Experiment 2) or full (Experiment 3). Eye-tracking was used to ascertain that the emotional cue and the subsequent target were processed with peripheral vision. Experiments 1 and 2 both showed that negative faces captured attention, with faster target processing when it appeared on the same side as the preceding fearful face (i.e. fear-valid trials) compared to the opposite side where the neutral face was shown (i.e. fear-invalid trials), but also when it appeared on the side of the preceding neutral face (i.e. happy-invalid trials) compared to the happy face (i.e. happy-valid trials). Importantly, this preferential spatial orienting to negative emotion was not observed in Experiment 3, where the goal relevance of emotion was high. However, in that experiment, fearful faces produced a specific attentional bias during the DPT, which was mostly driven by the induction trials themselves.
{"title":"Modulatory effects of goal relevance on emotional attention reveal that fear has a distinct value.","authors":"Xiaojuan Xue,Gilles Pourtois","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2024.2405014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2024.2405014","url":null,"abstract":"Threat-related stimuli can capture attention. However, it remains debated whether this capture is automatic or not. To address this question, we compared attentional biases to emotional faces using a dot-probe task (DPT) where emotion was never goal-relevant (Experiment 1) or made directly task-relevant by means of induction trials (Experiments 2-3). Moreover, the contingency between the DPT and induction trials was either partial (Experiment 2) or full (Experiment 3). Eye-tracking was used to ascertain that the emotional cue and the subsequent target were processed with peripheral vision. Experiments 1 and 2 both showed that negative faces captured attention, with faster target processing when it appeared on the same side as the preceding fearful face (i.e. fear-valid trials) compared to the opposite side where the neutral face was shown (i.e. fear-invalid trials), but also when it appeared on the side of the preceding neutral face (i.e. happy-invalid trials) compared to the happy face (i.e. happy-valid trials). Importantly, this preferential spatial orienting to negative emotion was not observed in Experiment 3, where the goal relevance of emotion was high. However, in that experiment, fearful faces produced a specific attentional bias during the DPT, which was mostly driven by the induction trials themselves.","PeriodicalId":501418,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Emotion","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2404635
Aalim Makani,Sadia Chowdhury,David B Flora,Julia Spaniol
The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic exposed large portions of the global populations to increased daily stressors. Research on risky choice in medical contexts suggests that affect-rich choice options promote less-advantageous decision strategies compared with affect-poor options, causing an "affect gap" in decision making. The current experiments (total N = 437, age range: 21-82) sought to test whether negative pandemic-related affect would lower expected-value (EV) maximisation within individuals. In Experiment 1, participants indicated how much they would be willing to pay to avoid specific pandemic experiences (e.g. "not being able to gather in groups"), and then chose among pairs of risky prospects that involved pandemic experiences or subjectively-equivalent monetary losses. EV maximising was lower for pandemic experiences than for equivalent monetary losses. Experiment 2 replicated this finding, and further demonstrated a moderating role of decision perspective. EV maximising was greater in decisions made for another person than in decisions made for oneself. These findings highlight potential strategies for boosting decision making under affect-rich real-world conditions.
在 COVID-19 大流行的早期阶段，全球大部分人口都面临着更大的日常压力。对医疗环境中风险选择的研究表明，与情感贫乏的选择相比，情感丰富的选择会促进不利的决策策略，从而导致决策中的 "情感差距"。目前的实验（总人数 = 437，年龄范围：21-82 岁）试图测试与大流行病相关的负面情绪是否会降低个体的期望值（EV）最大化。在实验 1 中，参与者表示他们愿意支付多少钱来避免特定的大流行病经历（例如 "无法聚集在一起"），然后在涉及大流行病经历或主观等价金钱损失的风险前景中做出选择。与同等金钱损失相比，大流行病经历的收益最大化程度更低。实验 2 复制了这一结果，并进一步证明了决策视角的调节作用。为他人做决定时的 EV 最大化程度高于为自己做决定时的 EV 最大化程度。这些发现强调了在情感丰富的真实世界条件下促进决策制定的潜在策略。
{"title":"A pandemic-related affect gap in risky decisions for self and others.","authors":"Aalim Makani,Sadia Chowdhury,David B Flora,Julia Spaniol","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2024.2404635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2024.2404635","url":null,"abstract":"The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic exposed large portions of the global populations to increased daily stressors. Research on risky choice in medical contexts suggests that affect-rich choice options promote less-advantageous decision strategies compared with affect-poor options, causing an \"affect gap\" in decision making. The current experiments (total N = 437, age range: 21-82) sought to test whether negative pandemic-related affect would lower expected-value (EV) maximisation within individuals. In Experiment 1, participants indicated how much they would be willing to pay to avoid specific pandemic experiences (e.g. \"not being able to gather in groups\"), and then chose among pairs of risky prospects that involved pandemic experiences or subjectively-equivalent monetary losses. EV maximising was lower for pandemic experiences than for equivalent monetary losses. Experiment 2 replicated this finding, and further demonstrated a moderating role of decision perspective. EV maximising was greater in decisions made for another person than in decisions made for oneself. These findings highlight potential strategies for boosting decision making under affect-rich real-world conditions.","PeriodicalId":501418,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Emotion","volume":"207 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142253965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2400298
Rachel L. Weisenburger, Justin Dainer-Best, Mackenzie Zisser, Mary E. McNamara, Christopher G. Beevers
Cognitive theories of depression assert that negative self-referent cognition has a causal role in the development and maintenance of depression symptoms, but few studies have examined temporal ass...
{"title":"Negative self-referent cognition predicts future depression symptom change: an intensive sampling approachis","authors":"Rachel L. Weisenburger, Justin Dainer-Best, Mackenzie Zisser, Mary E. McNamara, Christopher G. Beevers","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2024.2400298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2024.2400298","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive theories of depression assert that negative self-referent cognition has a causal role in the development and maintenance of depression symptoms, but few studies have examined temporal ass...","PeriodicalId":501418,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Emotion","volume":"19 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2397371
Chantelle M. Cocquyt, Isabel S. Wilson, Christopher R. Madan, Daniela J. Palombo
Emotional events are often remembered better than neutral ones; however, emotion can also spill over and affect our memory for neutral experiences that precede an emotional event. Theories suggest ...
{"title":"The retrograde effects of negative emotion on memory for conceptually related events: a registered report","authors":"Chantelle M. Cocquyt, Isabel S. Wilson, Christopher R. Madan, Daniela J. Palombo","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2024.2397371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2024.2397371","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional events are often remembered better than neutral ones; however, emotion can also spill over and affect our memory for neutral experiences that precede an emotional event. Theories suggest ...","PeriodicalId":501418,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Emotion","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2401102
Erin T Simister,Victoria M E Bridgland,Melanie K T Takarangi
Content descriptions presented on sensitive-content screens reduce how often people view negative images. But does this reduction in exposure come at an emotional cost? Across two experiments, we investigated this possibility. In Experiment 1, we compared participants' change in state anxiety when exposed to sensitive-content screens with and without brief and detailed content descriptions. State anxiety was similar for participants who saw screens with and without brief content descriptions, but we found larger increases in state anxiety for detailed content descriptions. Therefore, detailed content descriptions negatively impact how people feel when they view sensitive-content screens. In Experiment 2, we presented participants with a single sensitive-content screen, either with or without a brief content description, and gave them the opportunity to uncover it. Participants who uncovered the screen viewed the negative image and then rated their distress. Most participants uncovered the screen and, irrespective of condition, reported similar image-related distress. Taken together, brief descriptions do not negatively impact how people feel when they view sensitive-content screens or the forewarned content. Therefore, brief content descriptions do not create an emotional cost. Social media platforms should move beyond merely warning about upcoming content and provide brief content descriptions indicating what the content depicts.
{"title":"Adding brief content-related information to sensitive-content screens does not exacerbate screen- or image-related distress.","authors":"Erin T Simister,Victoria M E Bridgland,Melanie K T Takarangi","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2024.2401102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2024.2401102","url":null,"abstract":"Content descriptions presented on sensitive-content screens reduce how often people view negative images. But does this reduction in exposure come at an emotional cost? Across two experiments, we investigated this possibility. In Experiment 1, we compared participants' change in state anxiety when exposed to sensitive-content screens with and without brief and detailed content descriptions. State anxiety was similar for participants who saw screens with and without brief content descriptions, but we found larger increases in state anxiety for detailed content descriptions. Therefore, detailed content descriptions negatively impact how people feel when they view sensitive-content screens. In Experiment 2, we presented participants with a single sensitive-content screen, either with or without a brief content description, and gave them the opportunity to uncover it. Participants who uncovered the screen viewed the negative image and then rated their distress. Most participants uncovered the screen and, irrespective of condition, reported similar image-related distress. Taken together, brief descriptions do not negatively impact how people feel when they view sensitive-content screens or the forewarned content. Therefore, brief content descriptions do not create an emotional cost. Social media platforms should move beyond merely warning about upcoming content and provide brief content descriptions indicating what the content depicts.","PeriodicalId":501418,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Emotion","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142202632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2363413
G. Rogier, S. Muzi, C. S. Pace
{"title":"Social media misuse explained by emotion dysregulation and self-concept: an ecological momentary assessment approach","authors":"G. Rogier, S. Muzi, C. S. Pace","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2024.2363413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2024.2363413","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":501418,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Emotion","volume":"74 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141358011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2333067
Aria S. Petrucci, Cade McCall, Guy Schofield, Victoria Wardell, Omran K. Safi, Daniela J. Palombo
Emotional stimuli (e.g. words, images) are often remembered better than neutral stimuli. However, little is known about how memory is affected by an environmentally induced emotional state (without...
{"title":"The relationship between environmentally induced emotion and memory for a naturalistic virtual experience","authors":"Aria S. Petrucci, Cade McCall, Guy Schofield, Victoria Wardell, Omran K. Safi, Daniela J. Palombo","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2024.2333067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2024.2333067","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional stimuli (e.g. words, images) are often remembered better than neutral stimuli. However, little is known about how memory is affected by an environmentally induced emotional state (without...","PeriodicalId":501418,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Emotion","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140613636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2337124
Alfonso Pitarque, Juan C. Meléndez, Encarna Satorres, Joaquín Escudero, José Manuel García-Justicia
The aim of our experiment was to analyse the effect of the emotional valence (positive, negative, or neutral) on true and false recognition, matching the arousal, frequency, concreteness, and assoc...
{"title":"Effect of emotional valence on true and false recognition controlling arousal","authors":"Alfonso Pitarque, Juan C. Meléndez, Encarna Satorres, Joaquín Escudero, José Manuel García-Justicia","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2024.2337124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2024.2337124","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our experiment was to analyse the effect of the emotional valence (positive, negative, or neutral) on true and false recognition, matching the arousal, frequency, concreteness, and assoc...","PeriodicalId":501418,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Emotion","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140613755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2337132
Rosaria Maria Zangri, Ivan Blanco, Teodoro Pascual, Carmelo Vázquez
Positive reappraisal strategies have been found to reduce negative affect following the recall of negative personal events. This study examined the restorative effect of two mood-repair instruction...
{"title":"Unlocking the past: efficacy of guided self-compassion and benefit-focused online interventions for managing negative personal memories","authors":"Rosaria Maria Zangri, Ivan Blanco, Teodoro Pascual, Carmelo Vázquez","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2024.2337132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2024.2337132","url":null,"abstract":"Positive reappraisal strategies have been found to reduce negative affect following the recall of negative personal events. This study examined the restorative effect of two mood-repair instruction...","PeriodicalId":501418,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Emotion","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140613860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2340118
Valeria A. Pfeifer, Jessica R. Andrews-Hanna, Vicky T. Lai
This study used ratings and event-related potentials (ERPs) to compare the mechanisms through which verbal irony and cognitive reappraisal mitigate negative emotion. Verbal irony is when the litera...
{"title":"Can irony regulate negative emotion? Evidence from behaviour and ERPs","authors":"Valeria A. Pfeifer, Jessica R. Andrews-Hanna, Vicky T. Lai","doi":"10.1080/02699931.2024.2340118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2024.2340118","url":null,"abstract":"This study used ratings and event-related potentials (ERPs) to compare the mechanisms through which verbal irony and cognitive reappraisal mitigate negative emotion. Verbal irony is when the litera...","PeriodicalId":501418,"journal":{"name":"Cognition and Emotion","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140613754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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