Journal of Water, Sanitation & Hygiene for Development最新文献

In Nepal, a project to sustain a safe water supply for small towns was executed in 68 towns, each with distinctive water sources and topographical situations. This project adopted two approaches to establish a standardized capacity development process for small-town water supplies. The first approach, the Management Model, consists of standard operating procedures (SOPs) and business planning. The second approach, termed the Support Model, entails a comprehensive system for training, monitoring, and evaluating water supply management. Throughout the project, a total of 31 SOPs pertaining to operation, maintenance, and facility rehabilitation manuals were developed. Moreover, four courses consisting of training, basic and on-site training, and interactive workshops were conducted. Consequently, the data deficiency rate reduced significantly by 61%, while 87% of water samples met water quality standards. In contrast, the operating ratio and water production rates improved by 17 and 29%, respectively. The materials produced from these models are expected to contribute to small-town water supply systems beyond the pilot sites. This is due to the versatility of the model for future applications. Although the project was effectively implemented, continuous support for small-town water supply by the Government of Nepal is needed for future sustainability.

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Inadequate management of food waste (FW) has contributed to environmental degradation. Bioconversion of FW using black soldier fly larvae has proven to be a safe and cost-effective method for FW management. However, limited studies exist on the influence of starter feeds. The impact of rice bran, wheat bran, and chick mash as starter feeds was evaluated by investigating the optimal larval weight, substrate reduction, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and

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Menstrual health and hygiene is a public health and human rights issue. Amid growing access to menstrual health products and education, there is limited focus on end-of-life management and environmental impact of single-use products. Burning is a common practice to dispose of pads globally, with pad incinerators becoming widely available in India and parts of sub-Saharan Africa. However, known literature does not provide insights into the current pr

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The present study aimed to develop and assess a vulnerability index for access to rural drinking water and sanitation services, which was applied to 42 Rural Sanitation Services in the Coquimbo Region, Chile. For the development and assessment of the vulnerability index, the construction of composite indicator methodology was employed. An underlying model based on 65 indicators, linked to nine sub-pillars and three pillars, was established. In addit

There is a lack of study on the influence of the sludge deposit layer on the performance of sludge treatment reed beds (STRBs) treating septage as well as the sludge deposit characteristics due to the operational parameters of solids loading rate (SLR) and resting periods. The laboratory-scale STRB was operated under varying SLRs and resting periods to investigate the sludge deposit characteristics, dewatering efficiency, and the quality of the rejected water. Inadequate operation, such as excessive loading and insufficient resting period, resulted in prolonged surface ponding, and the total solids (TS) content failed to meet the disposal standard of 20%. This study found that the STRB operated with 100 kg/m²/year SLR and 6-day resting period performed the best in sludge dewatering and stabilization, as the final TS content and total volatile solids/TS ratio of the sludge deposit were 23 and 33%, respectively. Meanwhile, the moisture content always remained higher than the plastic limit, preventing severe surface cracking that led to poor rejected water quality. In addition, the average COD and TS removals in the rejected water from all STRBs reached 96 and 88%, respectively, revealing that the proposed system is promising and reliable in treating septage.

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The deficit in sewage collection and treatment is a problem in Brazil, and a large portion of untreated sewage, usually disposed of directly into water bodies, compromises water quality, with implications for public health and environmental balance. This scenario does not differ in the State of Minas Gerais, where only 44% of the urban population has their sewage treated. This study aimed to evaluate the current use of wastewater treatment technolog

The medical condition of incontinence is defined as the involuntary loss of urine or faeces. People may also wet or soil themselves due to not wanting, or not being able, to use the sanitation facilities available (social incontinence). Nascent research conducted in humanitarian contexts has consistently found that the consequences of incontinence are many and overwhelmingly negative. This paper contributes to the growing body of evidence on the lived experiences and needs of people with incontinence in humanitarian settings. It summarises shared learnings from research funded by the Humanitarian Innovation Fund which was conducted in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi and Uganda. It also provides practical advice to researchers and humanitarian practitioners on how to better support people with incontinence: recommendations include public education campaigns to change the perception of incontinence; improving water and sanitation facilities by ensuring safe access for all and adapting to support use by all; and a better supply (in terms of quantity and functionality) of non-food items. It concludes with a reminder that as everyone experiences incontinence differently, sufficient time and resources must be allocated to engage with people experiencing incontinence and their caregivers to truly understand how to improve their quality of life.

The primary objective of this research was to identify the factors that influence sanitation behaviors toward the adoption and use of latrines in Babille woreda, Fafan zone, Somali region, eastern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional community-based study design was used. Household survey was used to collect quantitative data. Qualitative data were also gathered through focus group discussions and key informant interviews. A total of 383 respondents were included in the study. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyze the quantitative data. Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a logistic regression model. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were analyzed through thematic analysis. In the study area, 228 (59.5%) households had adopted latrines. However, only about one-third of them (111, 29.0%) consistently used the latrine. Sex, occupation, income, being aware of latrine construction, use and maintenance, and sources of information were significantly associated with household latrine adoption. Interventions to increase latrine adoption and utilization should account for differences in latrine adoption disparities by sex of the household head, occupation, and household income.