Electrochromic Windows(ECWs) have the potential to save energy through dynamic control of light and solar energy entering a room (via solar heat gain coefficient control). ECWs have been developed as an optical shutter in airplane, building and automobile applications. An ECW is composed of three components, a working electrode based on electrochromic materials, a counter electrode based on ion storage materials and the electrolyte as an ionic conducting layer. Organic ECWs have been gaining popularity due to easy and cost effective manufacturing, availability of wide range of colors, high optical contrast and flexibility in design. However there are challenges in commercialization and application of organic ECWs. The application of ECWs as a sunroof in automobiles demands operation in harsh environment conditions like elevated temperature. Consequently the University of Washington, Center for Intelligent Materials and Systems has been developing a heat resistant organic ECW that can be operated at elevated temperatures maintaining high optical contrast, fast switching speed, optical color memory and electrochemical stability. The proposed design is an ECW based on poly (3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine),PPRODOT-Me 2 as a working electrode, V 2 O 5 -TiO 2 composite materials as a counter electrode and poly(ethylene imine) based electrolyte. The ionic conductivity of the electrolyte was calculated through complex impedance method and temperature dependence of the electrolyte was determined using environment test chamber to control a temperature range of 15 to 80 o Celsius for 100 hours. A 76 × 76 mm 2 ECW was developed and the optical transmittance change was observed by Chronoamperomerty and Time course measurement. The electrochemical stability of the window was monitored using cyclic voltammetry. The developed electrochromic window showed good optical contrast, electrochemical stability and fast response time after testing at elevated temperatures for 100 hours.
{"title":"Heat resistant polymer electrolyte for enhanced organic electrochromic windows based on poly (3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine)","authors":"N. Anandan, Sooyeun Kim, M. Taya","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2014.548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2014.548","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochromic Windows(ECWs) have the potential to save energy through dynamic control of light and solar energy entering a room (via solar heat gain coefficient control). ECWs have been developed as an optical shutter in airplane, building and automobile applications. An ECW is composed of three components, a working electrode based on electrochromic materials, a counter electrode based on ion storage materials and the electrolyte as an ionic conducting layer. Organic ECWs have been gaining popularity due to easy and cost effective manufacturing, availability of wide range of colors, high optical contrast and flexibility in design. However there are challenges in commercialization and application of organic ECWs. The application of ECWs as a sunroof in automobiles demands operation in harsh environment conditions like elevated temperature. Consequently the University of Washington, Center for Intelligent Materials and Systems has been developing a heat resistant organic ECW that can be operated at elevated temperatures maintaining high optical contrast, fast switching speed, optical color memory and electrochemical stability. The proposed design is an ECW based on poly (3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine),PPRODOT-Me 2 as a working electrode, V 2 O 5 -TiO 2 composite materials as a counter electrode and poly(ethylene imine) based electrolyte. The ionic conductivity of the electrolyte was calculated through complex impedance method and temperature dependence of the electrolyte was determined using environment test chamber to control a temperature range of 15 to 80 o Celsius for 100 hours. A 76 × 76 mm 2 ECW was developed and the optical transmittance change was observed by Chronoamperomerty and Time course measurement. The electrochemical stability of the window was monitored using cyclic voltammetry. The developed electrochromic window showed good optical contrast, electrochemical stability and fast response time after testing at elevated temperatures for 100 hours.","PeriodicalId":50167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of K-Theory","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1557/OPL.2014.548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67108880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-01DOI: 10.1017/IS014008019JKT277
T. Nikolaus
The theory of dendroidal sets has been developed to serve as a combinatorial model for homotopy coherent operads, see [MW07, CM13b]. An ∞-operad is a dendroidal set D satisfying certain lifting conditions. In this paper we give a definition of K-groups Kn (D) for a dendroidal set D. These groups generalize the K-theory of symmetric monoidal (resp. permutative) categories and algebraic K-theory of rings. We establish some useful properties like invariance under the appropriate equivalences and long exact sequences which allow us to compute these groups in some examples. Using results from [Heu11b] and [BN12] we show that the K-theory groups of D can be realized as homotopy groups of a K-theory spectrum .
{"title":"Algebraic K-Theory of ∞-Operads","authors":"T. Nikolaus","doi":"10.1017/IS014008019JKT277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/IS014008019JKT277","url":null,"abstract":"The theory of dendroidal sets has been developed to serve as a combinatorial model for homotopy coherent operads, see [MW07, CM13b]. An ∞-operad is a dendroidal set D satisfying certain lifting conditions.\u0000In this paper we give a definition of K-groups Kn (D) for a dendroidal set D. These groups generalize the K-theory of symmetric monoidal (resp. permutative) categories and algebraic K-theory of rings. We establish some useful properties like invariance under the appropriate equivalences and long exact sequences which allow us to compute these groups in some examples. Using results from [Heu11b] and [BN12] we show that the K-theory groups of D can be realized as homotopy groups of a K-theory spectrum .","PeriodicalId":50167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of K-Theory","volume":"14 1","pages":"614-641"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/IS014008019JKT277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56669015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1017/IS014006024JKT272
Masataka Chida, S. Kondo, Takuya Yamauchi
. If X is an integral model of a smooth curve X over a global field k , there is a localization sequence comparing the K -theory of X and X . We show that K 1 ( X ) injects into K 1 ( X ) rationally, by showing that the previous boundary map in the localization sequence is rationally a surjection, for X of “GL 2 type” and k of positive characteristic not 2. Examples are given to show that the relative G 1 term can have large rank. Examples of such curves include non-isotrivial elliptic curves, Drinfeld modular curves, and the moduli of D -elliptic sheaves of rank 2.
{"title":"On the rational K(2) of a curve of GL(2) type over a global field of positive characteristic","authors":"Masataka Chida, S. Kondo, Takuya Yamauchi","doi":"10.1017/IS014006024JKT272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/IS014006024JKT272","url":null,"abstract":". If X is an integral model of a smooth curve X over a global field k , there is a localization sequence comparing the K -theory of X and X . We show that K 1 ( X ) injects into K 1 ( X ) rationally, by showing that the previous boundary map in the localization sequence is rationally a surjection, for X of “GL 2 type” and k of positive characteristic not 2. Examples are given to show that the relative G 1 term can have large rank. Examples of such curves include non-isotrivial elliptic curves, Drinfeld modular curves, and the moduli of D -elliptic sheaves of rank 2.","PeriodicalId":50167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of K-Theory","volume":"114 1","pages":"313-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73221315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-01DOI: 10.1017/IS013012015JKT251
Mariam Pirashvili
{"title":"Second cohomotopy and nonabelian cohomology","authors":"Mariam Pirashvili","doi":"10.1017/IS013012015JKT251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/IS013012015JKT251","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of K-Theory","volume":"13 1","pages":"397-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/IS013012015JKT251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56668464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-04-01DOI: 10.1017/IS013012007JKT250
Eugenia Cheng, N. Gurski, E. Riehl
A multivariable adjunction is the generalisation of the notion of a 2-variable adjunction, the classical example being the hom/tensor/cotensor trio of functors, to n + 1 functors of n variables. In the presence of multivariable adjunctions, natural transformations between certain composites built from multivariable functors have “dual” forms. We refer to corresponding natural transformations as multivariable or parametrised mates, generalising the mates correspondence for ordinary adjunctions, which enables one to pass between natural transformations involving left adjoints to those involving right adjoints. A central problem is how to express the naturality (or functoriality) of the parametrised mates, giving a precise characterization of the dualities so-encoded. We present the notion of “cyclic double multicategory” as a structure in which to organise multivariable adjunctions and mates. While the standard mates correspondence is described using an isomorphism of double categories, the multivariable version requires the framework of “double multicategories”. Moreover, we show that the analogous isomorphisms of double multicategories give a cyclic action on the multimaps, yielding the notion of “cyclic double multicategory”. The work is motivated by and applied to Riehl's approach to algebraic monoidal model categories.
{"title":"Cyclic multicategories, multivariable adjunctions and mates","authors":"Eugenia Cheng, N. Gurski, E. Riehl","doi":"10.1017/IS013012007JKT250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/IS013012007JKT250","url":null,"abstract":"A multivariable adjunction is the generalisation of the notion of a 2-variable adjunction, the classical example being the hom/tensor/cotensor trio of functors, to n + 1 functors of n variables. In the presence of multivariable adjunctions, natural transformations between certain composites built from multivariable functors have “dual” forms. We refer to corresponding natural transformations as multivariable or parametrised mates, generalising the mates correspondence for ordinary adjunctions, which enables one to pass between natural transformations involving left adjoints to those involving right adjoints. A central problem is how to express the naturality (or functoriality) of the parametrised mates, giving a precise characterization of the dualities so-encoded. We present the notion of “cyclic double multicategory” as a structure in which to organise multivariable adjunctions and mates. While the standard mates correspondence is described using an isomorphism of double categories, the multivariable version requires the framework of “double multicategories”. Moreover, we show that the analogous isomorphisms of double multicategories give a cyclic action on the multimaps, yielding the notion of “cyclic double multicategory”. The work is motivated by and applied to Riehl's approach to algebraic monoidal model categories.","PeriodicalId":50167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of K-Theory","volume":"13 1","pages":"337-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/IS013012007JKT250","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56668289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Dryden, Yingfang Ma, Jacob Schimelman, D. M. Acosta, Li-Juan Liu, O. Akkus, M. Younesi, Islam M. Anowarul, L. DeNoyer, W. Ching, R. Podgornik, V. Parsegian, N. Steinmetz, R. French
The optical properties and electronic structure of AlPO4, SiO2, Type I collagen, and DNA were examined to gain insight into the van der Waals-London dispersion behavior of these materials. Interband optical properties of AlPO4 and SiO2 were derived from vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry, and showed a strong dependence on the crystals’ constituent tetrahedral units, with strong implications for the role of phosphate groups in biological materials. The UV-Vis decadic molar absorption of four DNA oligonucleotides was measured, and showed a strong dependence on composition and stacking sequence. A film of Type I collagen was studied using spectroscopic ellipsometry, and showed a characteristic shoulder in the fundamental absorption edge at 6.05 eV. Ab initio calculations based on density functional theory corroborated the experimental results and provided further insights into the electronic structures, interband transitions and vdW-Ld interaction potentials for these materials.
研究了AlPO4、SiO2、I型胶原蛋白和DNA的光学性质和电子结构，以深入了解这些材料的van der Waals-London色散行为。AlPO4和SiO2的带间光学性质通过真空紫外光谱和椭偏光谱分析得到，其带间光学性质与晶体组成的四面体单元密切相关，对磷酸基团在生物材料中的作用具有重要意义。测定了四种DNA寡核苷酸的紫外-可见十元摩尔吸收，结果表明它们的组成和堆叠顺序对吸收有很强的依赖性。用椭圆偏振光谱法对I型胶原膜进行了研究，发现在6.05 eV的基谱吸收边缘有一个特征肩。基于密度泛函理论的从头计算证实了实验结果，并进一步了解了这些材料的电子结构、带间跃迁和vdW-Ld相互作用势。
{"title":"Optical Properties and van der Waals-London Dispersion Interactions in Inorganic and Biomolecular Assemblies","authors":"D. Dryden, Yingfang Ma, Jacob Schimelman, D. M. Acosta, Li-Juan Liu, O. Akkus, M. Younesi, Islam M. Anowarul, L. DeNoyer, W. Ching, R. Podgornik, V. Parsegian, N. Steinmetz, R. French","doi":"10.1557/OPL.2014.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1557/OPL.2014.301","url":null,"abstract":"The optical properties and electronic structure of AlPO4, SiO2, Type I collagen, and DNA were examined to gain insight into the van der Waals-London dispersion behavior of these materials. Interband optical properties of AlPO4 and SiO2 were derived from vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry, and showed a strong dependence on the crystals’ constituent tetrahedral units, with strong implications for the role of phosphate groups in biological materials. The UV-Vis decadic molar absorption of four DNA oligonucleotides was measured, and showed a strong dependence on composition and stacking sequence. A film of Type I collagen was studied using spectroscopic ellipsometry, and showed a characteristic shoulder in the fundamental absorption edge at 6.05 eV. Ab initio calculations based on density functional theory corroborated the experimental results and provided further insights into the electronic structures, interband transitions and vdW-Ld interaction potentials for these materials.","PeriodicalId":50167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of K-Theory","volume":"1619 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1557/OPL.2014.301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67108991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-05DOI: 10.1017/IS014003007JKT258
E. Shinder
We consider the algebraic group GL1(A), where A is a division algebra of prime degree over a eld F , and the associated motive in the Voevodsky category of motivic complexes DM eff (F ). We relate the motive of GL1(A) to the motive of the Cech simplicial scheme X , associated to the Severi-Brauer variety of A, and compute the second dierential in the resulting spectral sequence for motivic cohomology.
{"title":"On the motive of the group of units of a division algebra","authors":"E. Shinder","doi":"10.1017/IS014003007JKT258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/IS014003007JKT258","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the algebraic group GL1(A), where A is a division algebra of prime degree over a eld F , and the associated motive in the Voevodsky category of motivic complexes DM eff (F ). We relate the motive of GL1(A) to the motive of the Cech simplicial scheme X , associated to the Severi-Brauer variety of A, and compute the second dierential in the resulting spectral sequence for motivic cohomology.","PeriodicalId":50167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of K-Theory","volume":"13 1","pages":"533-561"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/IS014003007JKT258","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56668160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-01DOI: 10.1017/is013011009jkt245
M. Bakuradze, M. Jibladze
B. Schuster (17) proved that the mod 2 Morava K-theory is good in the sense of Hopkins-Kuhn-Ravenel (12) for all 2-groups G of order 32. As for the missing four groups G with the numbers 38, 39, 40 and 41 in the Hall- Senior list (11), Morava K-theory has been shown to be evenly generated and, for s = 2, to be generated by transferred Chern classes. In this paper we compute the ring structure of K(s) � (BG) for these four groups.
{"title":"Morava K -theory rings for the groups G 38 , …, G 41 of order 32","authors":"M. Bakuradze, M. Jibladze","doi":"10.1017/is013011009jkt245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/is013011009jkt245","url":null,"abstract":"B. Schuster (17) proved that the mod 2 Morava K-theory is good in the sense of Hopkins-Kuhn-Ravenel (12) for all 2-groups G of order 32. As for the missing four groups G with the numbers 38, 39, 40 and 41 in the Hall- Senior list (11), Morava K-theory has been shown to be evenly generated and, for s = 2, to be generated by transferred Chern classes. In this paper we compute the ring structure of K(s) � (BG) for these four groups.","PeriodicalId":50167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of K-Theory","volume":"10 1","pages":"171-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73979987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-02-01DOI: 10.1017/IS013008028JKT240
P. A. Østvær
{"title":"K-theory and mapping spaces: an appendix to “Equivariant semi-topological K-homology and a theorem of Thomason”","authors":"P. A. Østvær","doi":"10.1017/IS013008028JKT240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/IS013008028JKT240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of K-Theory","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73894285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-21DOI: 10.1017/is014005031jkt267
Markus Szymik
We prove twisted homological stability with polynomial coefficients for automorphism groups of free nilpotent groups of any given class. These groups interpolate between two extremes for which homological stability was known before, the general linear groups over the integers and the automorphism groups of free groups. The proof presented here uses a general result that applies to arbitrary extensions of groups, and that has other applications as well.
{"title":"Twisted homological stability for extensions and automorphism groups of free nilpotent groups","authors":"Markus Szymik","doi":"10.1017/is014005031jkt267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/is014005031jkt267","url":null,"abstract":"We prove twisted homological stability with polynomial coefficients for automorphism groups of free nilpotent groups of any given class. These groups interpolate between two extremes for which homological stability was known before, the general linear groups over the integers and the automorphism groups of free groups. The proof presented here uses a general result that applies to arbitrary extensions of groups, and that has other applications as well.","PeriodicalId":50167,"journal":{"name":"Journal of K-Theory","volume":"14 1","pages":"185-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1017/is014005031jkt267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56668725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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