Pub Date : 2024-01-08DOI: 10.1017/s0007087423000973
Massimiliano Badino
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Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.1017/s0007087423000900
Alexander V. Khramov
Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation by Robert Chambers, a Scottish publisher and popular writer, was one of the most influential evolutionary works in the pre-Darwinian age. This article examines the circumstances in which this treatise was published in Russia in 1863 and went through a second printing in 1868. Vestiges was translated into Russian by Alexander Palkhovsky (1831–1907), a former medical student, ideologically close to the nihilist movement, and was initially printed by the radical publisher Anatoly Cherenin, later prosecuted for his ties with revolutionary circles. Vestiges was translated not from the English original, but from a German translation by Karl Vogt. Given the popularity of German materialism among Russian radicals in the 1860s, association with Vogt's name did much to draw attention to the translation. Contrary to Vogt, who took an anti-evolutionary stance while translating Vestiges, Palkhovsky and other nihilists ardently supported evolution in the hope that it would help them combat religious belief. Praising the author of Vestiges for his evolutionary views, Russian radicals at the same time criticized him for numerous references to God, teleological thinking and blindness to social problems. In their attempts to put Vestiges into service, Russian nihilists were similar to English freethinkers of the 1840s. The study of how Vestiges was read and perceived in Russia provides a better understanding of the cross-cultural reception of evolutionary ideas on the eve of Darwin's Origin of Species.
苏格兰出版商和通俗作家罗伯特-钱伯斯（Robert Chambers）所著的《创世自然史遗迹》（Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation）是达尔文时代之前最具影响力的进化论著作之一。本文探讨了这本论文于 1863 年在俄罗斯出版，并于 1868 年进行第二次印刷的情况。Vestiges》由 Alexander Palkhovsky（1831-1907 年）翻译成俄文，他曾是一名医科学生，在意识形态上接近虚无主义运动，最初由激进出版商 Anatoly Cherenin 印刷，后来因与革命团体有联系而被起诉。Vestiges》不是根据英文原著翻译的，而是根据卡尔-沃格特（Karl Vogt）的德文译本翻译的。鉴于 19 世纪 60 年代德国唯物主义在俄国激进分子中的流行，沃格特的名字在很大程度上吸引了人们对该译本的关注。沃格特在翻译《Vestiges》时采取了反进化论的立场，与沃格特相反，帕尔霍夫斯基和其他虚无主义者热衷于支持进化论，希望进化论能帮助他们打击宗教信仰。俄国激进分子在称赞《遗迹》作者的进化论观点的同时，也批评他多次提到上帝、目的论思维和对社会问题的盲目性。俄国虚无主义者试图将《景象》用于实践，这与 19 世纪 40 年代的英国自由思想家相似。通过研究《维斯特》在俄罗斯的阅读和认知情况，可以更好地了解达尔文《物种起源》问世前夕进化论思想的跨文化接受情况。
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