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ARM-Net: Improved MRI brain tumor segmentation method based on attentional mechanism and residual module ARM-Net:基于注意机制和残差模块的改进型磁共振成像脑肿瘤分割方法
Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.4108/eetel.5953
MingHu
INTRODUCTION: Accurate tumor segmentation is a prerequisite for reliable diagnosis and treatment of brain cancer. Gliomas, a highly prevalent and life-threatening type of brain tumor, pose a challenge for segmentation due to the intricate nature of brain structures and unpredictable appearances on brain MRI images.OBJECTIVES: Current methods for brain tumor segmentation mostly rely on deep convolutional neural networks, which suffer from significant loss of feature information during encoding and decoding and the inability to capture tumor contours in detail.METHODS: To address these challenges, this study rethinks the network architecture for MRI brain tumor segmentation. It proposes ARM-Net: an improved method for MRI brain tumor segmentation based on attention mechanisms and residual modules. Firstly, inverted external attention and dilated gated attention are employed in the last two layers of the encoder to enable the network to interact with both lesion areas and global information, facilitating better interaction among the four modalities. Secondly, different numbers of Res-Paths are added in the encoder's first two layers and the decoder's last two layers to effectively mitigate the semantic gap issues caused by traditional skip connections.RESULTS: Experiments on the BraTS 2019 dataset demonstrate that ARM-Net outperforms other similar models in terms of segmentation performance.CONCLUSION: The experiment showed that the ARM-Net model could segment the contour structure of the tumor better than other methods. 
简介:准确的肿瘤分割是可靠诊断和治疗脑癌的先决条件。胶质瘤是一种高发且危及生命的脑肿瘤,由于脑部结构错综复杂,在脑部核磁共振成像图像上的表现难以预测,因此给分割带来了挑战:目前的脑肿瘤分割方法大多依赖于深度卷积神经网络,这种网络在编码和解码过程中会丢失大量特征信息,而且无法捕捉肿瘤轮廓的细节。它提出了一种基于注意机制和残差模块的改进型核磁共振成像脑肿瘤分割方法--ARM-Net。首先,在编码器的最后两层采用了倒置外部注意和扩张门控注意,使网络能够与病变区域和全局信息互动,从而促进四种模态之间更好的互动。其次,在编码器的前两层和解码器的后两层添加了不同数量的Res-Paths,以有效缓解传统跳转连接带来的语义间隙问题。结果:在BraTS 2019数据集上的实验表明,ARM-Net在分割性能上优于其他类似模型。结论:实验表明,ARM-Net模型能比其他方法更好地分割肿瘤的轮廓结构。
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引用次数: 0
Applications of Image Segmentation Techniques in Medical Images 图像分割技术在医学图像中的应用
Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.4108/eetel.4449
Yang-yang Hou
Image segmentation is an important research direction in medical image processing tasks, and it is also a challenging task in the field of computer vision. At present, there have been many image segmentation methods, including traditional segmentation methods and deep learning-based segmentation methods. Through the understanding and learning of the current situation in the field of medical image segmentation, this paper systematically combs it. Firstly, it briefly introduces the traditional image segmentation methods such as threshold method, region method and graph cut method, and focuses on the commonly used network architectures based on deep learning such as CNN, FCN, U-Net, SegNet, PSPNet, Mask R-CNN. At the same time, the application in medical image segmentation is expounded. Finally, the challenges and development opportunities of medical image segmentation technology based on deep learning are discussed.
图像分割是医学图像处理任务中的一个重要研究方向,也是计算机视觉领域的一项具有挑战性的任务。目前,已有很多图像分割方法,包括传统的分割方法和基于深度学习的分割方法。通过对医学图像分割领域现状的了解和学习,本文对其进行了系统梳理。首先,简要介绍了阈值法、区域法、图切法等传统图像分割方法,重点介绍了基于深度学习的常用网络架构,如 CNN、FCN、U-Net、SegNet、PSPNet、Mask R-CNN。同时,阐述了其在医学图像分割中的应用。最后,讨论了基于深度学习的医学图像分割技术面临的挑战和发展机遇。
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引用次数: 0
Liver tumor segmentation method based on U-Net architecture: a review 基于 U-Net 架构的肝脏肿瘤分割方法:综述
Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.4108/eetel.5263
Biao Wang, Chunfeng Yang
Liver cancer is a disease with a high incidence and high probability of deterioration, and for the rapid diagnosis of liver disease, CT scans must be used to segment the liver tumors. For the past few years, with the rapid development of deep learning, many deep learning methods for liver tumor segmentation using abdominal computed tomography (CT) images have appeared, and the clinical application of these methods is of important significance for computer-aided diagnosis of liver tumors. The U-Net, with its unique U-shape network structure, exhibits excellent performance in medical image segmentation field and has been extensively utilized in various medical image segmentation applications. In this paper, we summarize the researches of U-Net and its improved networks in CT image segmentation of liver tumors by deep learning methods and classify various U-Net-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs) into 2D (two-dimensional), 3D (three-dimensional), and 2.5D (2.5-dimensional). In this paper, 2D, 3D, and 2.5D convolutional neural networks are summarized. In addition, this paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages as well as the improvement methods of each type of network, which provides a useful reference for the studies of deep learning based on liver tumor segmentation field. Finally, this paper envisions future research trends for deep learning segmentation methods in the context of liver tumors.
肝癌是一种发病率高、恶化概率高的疾病,为了快速诊断肝病,必须利用CT扫描对肝脏肿瘤进行分割。几年来,随着深度学习的快速发展,出现了许多利用腹部计算机断层扫描(CT)图像进行肝脏肿瘤分割的深度学习方法,这些方法的临床应用对于肝脏肿瘤的计算机辅助诊断具有重要意义。U-Net 以其独特的 U 型网络结构,在医学图像分割领域表现出卓越的性能,被广泛应用于各种医学图像分割应用中。本文总结了 U-Net 及其改进网络在利用深度学习方法进行肝脏肿瘤 CT 图像分割方面的研究,并将各种基于 U-Net 的卷积神经网络(CNN)分为 2D(二维)、3D(三维)和 2.5D(2.5 维)。本文总结了 2D、3D 和 2.5D 卷积神经网络。此外,本文还总结了各类网络的优缺点和改进方法,为基于肝脏肿瘤分割领域的深度学习研究提供了有益的参考。最后,本文展望了深度学习分割方法在肝脏肿瘤方面的未来研究趋势。
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引用次数: 0
Gesture Recognition Based on Deep Learning: A Review 基于深度学习的手势识别:综述
Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.4108/eetel.5191
Meng Wu
Gesture recognition is an important and inevitable technology in modern times, its appearance and improvement greatly improve the convenience of people's lives, but also enrich people's lives. It has a wide range of applications in various fields. In daily life, it can carry out human-computer interaction and the use of smart home. In terms of medical treatment, it can help patients to recover and assist doctors to carry out experiments. In terms of entertainment, it allows users to interact with the game in an immersive manner. This paper chooses three technologies that deep learning plays a more prominent role in gesture recognition, namely CNNs, LSTM and transfer learning based on deep learning. They each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Because of the different principles of use, different techniques have different roles, such as CNNs can carry out feature extraction, LSTM can deal with long time series, transfer learning can transfer what is learned from another task to this task. Select different practical technologies according to different application scenarios, and make improvements in real time in practical applications. Gesture recognition based on deep learning has the advantages of good accuracy, robustness and real-time implementation, but it also bears the disadvantages of huge economic and time costs and high hardware requirements. Despite some challenges, researchers continue to optimize and improve the technology, and believe that in the future, gesture recognition technology will be more mature and valuable.
手势识别是现代人不可避免的一项重要技术,它的出现和改进大大提高了人们生活的便利性,也丰富了人们的生活。它在各个领域都有着广泛的应用。在日常生活中,它可以进行人机交互,使用智能家居。在医疗方面,它可以帮助病人康复,协助医生进行实验。在娱乐方面,它可以让用户身临其境地与游戏互动。本文选择了深度学习在手势识别中作用较为突出的三种技术,即 CNN、LSTM 和基于深度学习的迁移学习。它们各有优缺点。由于使用原理不同,不同的技术有不同的作用,如 CNN 可以进行特征提取,LSTM 可以处理长时间序列,迁移学习可以将从其他任务中学到的知识迁移到本任务中。根据不同的应用场景选择不同的实用技术,在实际应用中实时改进。基于深度学习的手势识别具有准确性好、鲁棒性强、可实时实现等优点,但也存在经济和时间成本巨大、硬件要求高等缺点。尽管存在一些挑战,但研究人员仍在不断优化和改进这项技术,相信在未来,手势识别技术会更加成熟和有价值。
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引用次数: 0
Empowering Young Athletes: Elevating Anti-Doping Education with Virtual Reality 增强年轻运动员的能力:利用虚拟现实技术提升反兴奋剂教育
Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.4108/eetel.4537
Panagiota Pouliou, Despoina Ourda, V. Barkoukis, G. Palamas
In recent times, doping's prevalence in sports has gained substantial recognition, sparking a concerted effort from researchers, policymakers, and sports bodies to underscore the critical role of impactful anti-doping education initiatives. An exhaustive examination of current literature underscores a critical requirement for advanced educational interventions that can effectively combat the multifaceted challenges presented by doping across the spectrum of competitive and recreational athletes. In response to this exigency, this paper introduces an innovative paradigm to redefine anti-doping education through the fusion of virtual reality (VR) technology. This proposed approach seeks to leverage VR's immersive potential, offering dynamic and interactive learning experiences that authentically mirror the complexities surrounding doping decisions. By immersing athletes within lifelike scenarios, VR education aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the psychological and emotional facets associated with doping, all within a secure and controlled environment. However, while the potential of VR in anti-doping education is promising, it also necessitates addressing technical, ethical, and usability considerations, an aspect that this paper further explores.
近来,使用兴奋剂问题在体育运动中的普遍性已得到广泛认可,研究人员、政策制定者 和体育运动机构共同努力,强调有影响力的反兴奋剂教育活动的关键作用。对现有文献的详尽研究强调了对先进的教育干预措施的迫切需求,这些干预措施能够有 效地应对兴奋剂给竞技和娱乐运动员带来的多方面挑战。针对这一迫切需求,本文介绍了一种创新范式,通过融合虚拟现实(VR)技术重新定义反兴奋剂教育。所提出的这一方法旨在利用 VR 的沉浸式潜力,提供动态和互动的学习体验,真实反映兴奋剂决策的复杂性。通过让运动员沉浸在栩栩如生的场景中,VR 教育旨在提供对与使用兴奋剂相关的心理和情感方面的细致入微的理解,所有这一切都在安全可控的环境中进行。然而,虽然 VR 在反兴奋剂教育中的潜力令人期待,但也有必要解决技术、伦理和可用性方面的问题,本文将进一步探讨这方面的问题。
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引用次数: 0
A review of research and development of semi-supervised learning strategies for medical image processing 医学图像处理半监督学习策略的研究与开发综述
Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI: 10.4108/eetel.4822
Shengke Yang
Accurate and robust segmentation of organs or lesions from medical images plays a vital role in many clinical applications such as diagnosis and treatment planning. With the massive increase in labeled data, deep learning has achieved great success in image segmentation. However, for medical images, the acquisition of labeled data is usually expensive because generating accurate annotations requires expertise and time, especially in 3D images. To reduce the cost of labeling, many approaches have been proposed in recent years to develop a high-performance medical image segmentation model to reduce the labeling data. For example, combining user interaction with deep neural networks to interactively perform image segmentation can reduce the labeling effort. Self-supervised learning methods utilize unlabeled data to train the model in a supervised manner, learn the basics and then perform knowledge transfer. Semi-supervised learning frameworks learn directly from a limited amount of labeled data and a large amount of unlabeled data to get high quality segmentation results. Weakly supervised learning approaches learn image segmentation from borders, graffiti, or image-level labels instead of using pixel-level labeling, which reduces the burden of labeling. However, the performance of weakly supervised learning and self-supervised learning is still limited on medical image segmentation tasks, especially on 3D medical images. In addition to this, a small amount of labeled data and a large amount of unlabeled data are more in line with actual clinical scenarios. Therefore, semi-supervised learning strategies become very important in the field of medical image processing.
从医学图像中准确而稳健地分割器官或病灶,在诊断和治疗计划等许多临床应用中发挥着至关重要的作用。随着标注数据的大量增加,深度学习在图像分割方面取得了巨大成功。然而,对于医学图像来说,获取标注数据的成本通常很高,因为生成准确的注释需要专业知识和时间,尤其是在三维图像中。为了降低标注成本,近年来人们提出了许多方法来开发高性能的医学图像分割模型,以减少标注数据。例如,将用户交互与深度神经网络相结合,以交互方式进行图像分割,可以减少标注工作量。自监督学习方法利用未标记数据,以监督方式训练模型,学习基础知识,然后进行知识转移。半监督学习框架直接从有限的标注数据和大量未标注数据中学习,以获得高质量的分割结果。弱监督学习方法从边界、涂鸦或图像级标签中学习图像分割,而不是使用像素级标签,从而减轻了标签的负担。然而,弱监督学习和自我监督学习在医学图像分割任务上的表现仍然有限,尤其是在三维医学图像上。此外,少量标记数据和大量未标记数据更符合实际临床场景。因此,半监督学习策略在医学图像处理领域变得非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Microlearning helps Alzheimer’s Disease Patients 微学习帮助阿尔茨海默病患者
Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.4108/eetel.4321
Jiayao Hu
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most common diseases in older adults, and as the disease progresses, the need for daily care increases. Caregivers of Alzheimer's Disease patients face a variety of stresses and work pressures. Receiving professional and continuous training is one of the effective ways to improve their skills and competencies. A new approach to education is microlearning, where microeducational content is provided to learners. Microlearning as a pedagogical technique focuses on designing learning modules through micro-steps in a digital media environment. These activities can be integrated into learners' daily lives and tasks. Unlike "traditional" e-learning methods, microlearning often favours technology delivered through push media, thus reducing the cognitive load on the learner. Microlearning educational methods have been shown to be effective and efficient in educating and delivering materials to caregivers of older adults with Alzheimer's disease. This paper begins with a brief introduction to microlearning. And it details the key features and benefits of microlearning. Microlearning offers potential benefits to Alzheimer's Disease patients and their caregivers with its concise and focused approach. Secondly, machine learning enhances the design and delivery of microlearning, helping to provide a more personalised and effective learning experience. Machine learning plays a role in the design of microlearning. To conclude, microlearning offers a promising avenue of support and care for Alzheimer's Disease patients. Microlearning also provides a valuable resource for carers and healthcare professionals to gain the knowledge and skills needed to provide effective care.
阿尔茨海默病是老年人最常见的疾病之一,随着病情的发展,对日常护理的需求也随之增加。阿尔茨海默病患者的护理人员面临着各种压力和工作压力。接受专业和持续的培训是提高他们技能和能力的有效途径之一。微学习是一种新的教育方法,即向学习者提供微教育内容。微学习作为一种教学技术,侧重于在数字媒体环境中通过微步骤设计学习模块。这些活动可以与学习者的日常生活和任务相结合。与 "传统的 "电子学习方法不同,微学习通常倾向于通过推送媒体提供技术,从而减轻学习者的认知负担。事实证明,微学习教育方法在向老年痴呆症患者的照顾者提供教育和材料方面是有效和高效的。本文首先简要介绍了微型学习。并详细介绍了微课的主要特点和优点。微学习以其简明扼要、重点突出的方式为阿尔茨海默病患者及其护理人员提供了潜在的益处。其次,机器学习可以增强微学习的设计和交付,帮助提供更加个性化和有效的学习体验。机器学习在微学习的设计中发挥了作用。总之,微学习为阿尔茨海默病患者提供了一种前景广阔的支持和护理途径。微学习还为护理人员和医疗保健专业人员提供了宝贵的资源,使他们获得提供有效护理所需的知识和技能。
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引用次数: 0
Use MOOC to learn image denoising techniques 利用 MOOC 学习图像去噪技术
Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.4108/eetel.4396
Ting Zhao
This article focuses on using MOOCs to learn image denoising techniques. It begins with an introduction to the concept of MOOCs - these innovative online learning platforms that offer a wide range of courses across disciplines, providing convenient and affordable learning opportunities for a global audience. It then explains the characteristics of MOOC's wide coverage, high flexibility, and different from traditional education models. It then introduces the advantages of MOOCs: accessibility and inclusiveness (open to anyone with an Internet connection), cost-effectiveness (a cost-effective alternative, many courses available for free), flexibility and self-paced learning (the ability to learn at your own pace), a diverse curriculum and global expertise. Then the concept of image denoising is introduced - image denoising is a basic process of digital image processing, and the common denoising methods are described: filter method and the applicable range of various filters, the advantages and disadvantages of wavelet change, the advantages of deep learning method and the principle of non-local mean denoising technology. It then describes how MOOCs can help learn image denoising: integrating course content, getting expert guidance, hands-on exercises and projects, and community and peer communication. In addition, it introduces the challenges encountered by MOOCs: high dropout rate, quality and credibility of MOOCs, lack of interaction and humanization in traditional classrooms, accessibility. The relationship between E-learning and MOOC is also introduced – E-learning and MOOC play complementary roles in modern education. MOOC provide a structured, flexible, cost-effective environment and a transformative educational experience for learning about biological image denoising.
本文的重点是利用 MOOC 学习图像去噪技术。文章首先介绍了 MOOC 的概念--这些创新的在线学习平台提供广泛的跨学科课程,为全球受众提供方便、实惠的学习机会。然后,介绍了 MOOC 覆盖面广、灵活性高、有别于传统教育模式的特点。然后介绍了 MOOC 的优势:可访问性和包容性(对任何有互联网连接的人开放)、成本效益(一种成本效益高的替代方式,许多课程免费提供)、灵活性和自定进度学习(能够按照自己的进度学习)、多样化的课程和全球专业知识。然后介绍了图像去噪的概念--图像去噪是数字图像处理的一个基本过程,并介绍了常用的去噪方法:滤波器方法和各种滤波器的适用范围、小波变化的优缺点、深度学习方法的优点和非局部均值去噪技术的原理。然后介绍了 MOOC 如何帮助学习图像去噪:整合课程内容、获得专家指导、实践练习和项目以及社区和同行交流。此外,文章还介绍了 MOOCs 面临的挑战:辍学率高、MOOCs 的质量和可信度、传统课堂缺乏互动和人性化、可及性。还介绍了电子学习和 MOOC 的关系--电子学习和 MOOC 在现代教育中发挥着互补作用。MOOC 为学习生物图像去噪提供了一个结构化的、灵活的、具有成本效益的环境和变革性的教育体验。
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引用次数: 0
E-learning for Alzheimer's Disease 老年痴呆症的电子学习
Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.4108/eetel.4258
Mengyao Zhao
With the increase of the aging population, the incidence rate of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is also rising. Faced with this challenge, e-learning, as an innovative educational method, has shown great potential in the care and management of Alzheimer's disease patients. This article reviews the application progress of E-learning in Alzheimer's disease. E-learning has revolutionized the field of education, providing learners with accessible and flexible learning opportunities. This paper provides an overview of various aspects of e-learning, including virtual classrooms, mobile learning, blended learning, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), webinars, and the challenges associated with implementing e-learning.The background section explores the evolution of e-learning, highlighting its rise in popularity and the advancements in technology that have facilitated its growth. Virtual classrooms for adult learners are discussed, showcasing how these online platforms facilitate interactive and collaborative learning experiences. Mobile learning for adult learners is examined, emphasizing the convenience and accessibility provided by mobile devices in delivering educational content.Blended learning is another approach explored in this paper, which combines traditional face-to-face instruction with online components, offering a balanced learning experience. The benefits and challenges of implementing MOOCs, which provide free and open access to educational resources from top institutions, are also examined. Additionally, webinars are discussed as a popular method for delivering live online presentations and workshops to adult learners.Finally, the paper addresses the challenges of  E-learning, including technological barriers, lack of personal interaction, and the need for self-discipline and motivation. Strategies for overcoming these challenges are suggested, such as providing technical support and fostering online community engagement.Overall, this paper provides valuable insights into the background and various approaches to E-learning, as well as the challenges encountered in its implementation. Understanding these aspects will help educators and institutions effectively harness the potential of  E-learning to enhance adult education.
随着人口老龄化的加剧,阿尔茨海默病(AD)的发病率也在不断上升。面对这一挑战,电子学习作为一种创新的教育方法,在阿尔茨海默病患者的护理和管理方面显示出巨大的潜力。本文回顾了电子学习在阿尔茨海默病中的应用进展。电子学习为教育领域带来了革命性的变化,为学习者提供了方便灵活的学习机会。本文概述了电子学习的各个方面,包括虚拟教室、移动学习、混合式学习、大规模开放在线课程(MOOCs)、网络研讨会以及与实施电子学习相关的挑战。背景部分探讨了电子学习的发展历程,重点介绍了电子学习的普及程度以及促进其发展的技术进步。讨论了面向成人学习者的虚拟教室,展示了这些在线平台如何促进互动和协作式学习体验。混合式学习是本文探讨的另一种方法,它将传统的面对面教学与在线内容相结合,提供了一种平衡的学习体验。本文还探讨了实施 MOOCs 的益处和挑战,MOOCs 提供了免费、开放地获取顶级机构教育资源的途径。最后,本文还讨论了电子学习所面临的挑战,包括技术障碍、缺乏人际互动以及对自律和动力的需求。本文提出了克服这些挑战的策略,如提供技术支持和促进在线社区参与。总之,本文对电子学习的背景和各种方法以及在实施过程中遇到的挑战提供了宝贵的见解。对这些方面的了解将有助于教育工作者和教育机构有效利用电子学习的潜力来加强成人教育。
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引用次数: 0
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EAI Endorsed Transactions on e-Learning
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