{"title":"Not Your Father’s Turing Test","authors":"Deborah Poskanzer","doi":"10.58875/lyny2964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58875/lyny2964","url":null,"abstract":"A review of Machines Like Me by Ian McEwan, Klara and the Sun by Kazuo Ishiguro, and The Employees by Olga Ravn (translated by Martin Aitken).","PeriodicalId":50270,"journal":{"name":"Issues in Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42604077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teaching research skills and encouraging inquiry from the earliest ages can build social resilience to misleading information.
从小教授研究技能和鼓励探究可以增强社会对误导信息的抵御能力。
{"title":"In Finland, We Make Each Schoolchild a Scientist","authors":"K. Kivinen","doi":"10.58875/fexx4401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58875/fexx4401","url":null,"abstract":"Teaching research skills and encouraging inquiry from the earliest ages can build social resilience to misleading information.","PeriodicalId":50270,"journal":{"name":"Issues in Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48723312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Next-Generation Strategy for American Science","authors":"F. Lucas","doi":"10.58875/wahk4750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58875/wahk4750","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50270,"journal":{"name":"Issues in Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43866647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Symbionts exhibit represents a new generation of bioartists who are interested in exploring what it means to be interdependent or collaborative within a system.
{"title":"Symbionts: Contemporary Artists and the Biosphere","authors":"Crystal Z Campbell","doi":"10.58875/ushh2310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58875/ushh2310","url":null,"abstract":"The Symbionts exhibit represents a new generation of bioartists who are interested in exploring what it means to be interdependent or collaborative within a system.","PeriodicalId":50270,"journal":{"name":"Issues in Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45623597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When I was assigned to a federally funded project to revolutionize engineering education at Virginia Tech, I thought being an effective scholar meant shunning my unconventional background. Instead, I had to embrace it.
{"title":"Finding the “I” in Interdisciplinarity","authors":"Annie Patrick","doi":"10.58875/neum7550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58875/neum7550","url":null,"abstract":"When I was assigned to a federally funded project to revolutionize engineering education at Virginia Tech, I thought being an effective scholar meant shunning my unconventional background. Instead, I had to embrace it.","PeriodicalId":50270,"journal":{"name":"Issues in Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48376860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An obsession with gauging accuracy of individual posts is misguided. To strengthen information ecosystems, focus on narratives and why people share what they do.
{"title":"Misunderstanding Misinformation","authors":"C. Wardle","doi":"10.58875/zaud1691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58875/zaud1691","url":null,"abstract":"An obsession with gauging accuracy of individual posts is misguided. To strengthen information ecosystems, focus on narratives and why people share what they do.","PeriodicalId":50270,"journal":{"name":"Issues in Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44708331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A few short years ago, mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) was the subject of fundamental research, but it is now known as the basis for COVID-19 vaccines. At the same time, the concept has become linked—particularly on social media—to global conspiracy theories attributing nefarious motives to people associated with science. How did this happen? In our work, we use social media data to track evolving narratives empirically. By analyzing the terms that have become associated with mRNA on Twitter since early 2020, we have gained insight into how seemingly innocuous scientific concepts acquire sinister connotations through association. Understanding how this process occurs can be helpful in determining which countermeasures might be effective. Hashtags are key to this analysis. Used to cross-link social media posts, hashtags generally consist of a word preceded by a pound symbol: #mRNA, for example. Hashtags make such concepts easier to find because they can be easily searched. By observing how hashtags co-occur over time, we learn how ideas are linked to each other on social media. This approach is useful for understanding the ways in which disparate concepts become related to evolving narratives. To find out how the term mRNA became connected to farflung conspiracy theories, we collected a sample of 87,000 tweets containing the hashtag #mRNA over the three-year period from early 2020 to the end of 2022. This allowed us to look at how mRNA was juxtaposed with other ideas on social media over that time. Our analysis looks at time continuously, but we’ve found it helpful to take “slices” from the dataset to highlight the way the narrative took shape and then shifted over time. We looked at where #mRNA occurred next to other hashtags, which gives a sense of how the term became connected to other ideas. We presented this data visually, displaying the connections as a network where each node represents a different hashtag and each edge represents the number of times two hashtags co-occur in our dataset. Starting with tweets using the hashtag #mRNA, this method allows us to see how sometimes unexpected semantic networks of associations can develop around ideas. Although co-occurring hashtags should not be taken as representing general discussions about mRNA, their changing patterns over time may offer insights into how issues may be hijacked and misinformation spread. In our first sample, from early 2020, the hashtags cooccurring with #mRNA were largely scientific or financial, reflecting prepandemic views. To make this network graph more readable, we “cleaned” the data, systematically removing all hashtag nodes above and below certain thresholds determined by number of connections. The distance between nodes indicates how often terms are used together in posts, and the size of the text reflects the sum of its connections. Thus, larger text shows terms that are highly interconnected. The color coding reflects which communities are involved, which is disco
{"title":"How Science Gets Drawn Into Global Conspiracy Narratives","authors":"M. Tuters, Tom Willaert, Trisha Meyer","doi":"10.58875/pozr1536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58875/pozr1536","url":null,"abstract":"A few short years ago, mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) was the subject of fundamental research, but it is now known as the basis for COVID-19 vaccines. At the same time, the concept has become linked—particularly on social media—to global conspiracy theories attributing nefarious motives to people associated with science. How did this happen? In our work, we use social media data to track evolving narratives empirically. By analyzing the terms that have become associated with mRNA on Twitter since early 2020, we have gained insight into how seemingly innocuous scientific concepts acquire sinister connotations through association. Understanding how this process occurs can be helpful in determining which countermeasures might be effective. Hashtags are key to this analysis. Used to cross-link social media posts, hashtags generally consist of a word preceded by a pound symbol: #mRNA, for example. Hashtags make such concepts easier to find because they can be easily searched. By observing how hashtags co-occur over time, we learn how ideas are linked to each other on social media. This approach is useful for understanding the ways in which disparate concepts become related to evolving narratives. To find out how the term mRNA became connected to farflung conspiracy theories, we collected a sample of 87,000 tweets containing the hashtag #mRNA over the three-year period from early 2020 to the end of 2022. This allowed us to look at how mRNA was juxtaposed with other ideas on social media over that time. Our analysis looks at time continuously, but we’ve found it helpful to take “slices” from the dataset to highlight the way the narrative took shape and then shifted over time. We looked at where #mRNA occurred next to other hashtags, which gives a sense of how the term became connected to other ideas. We presented this data visually, displaying the connections as a network where each node represents a different hashtag and each edge represents the number of times two hashtags co-occur in our dataset. Starting with tweets using the hashtag #mRNA, this method allows us to see how sometimes unexpected semantic networks of associations can develop around ideas. Although co-occurring hashtags should not be taken as representing general discussions about mRNA, their changing patterns over time may offer insights into how issues may be hijacked and misinformation spread. In our first sample, from early 2020, the hashtags cooccurring with #mRNA were largely scientific or financial, reflecting prepandemic views. To make this network graph more readable, we “cleaned” the data, systematically removing all hashtag nodes above and below certain thresholds determined by number of connections. The distance between nodes indicates how often terms are used together in posts, and the size of the text reflects the sum of its connections. Thus, larger text shows terms that are highly interconnected. The color coding reflects which communities are involved, which is disco","PeriodicalId":50270,"journal":{"name":"Issues in Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48338822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding how biosafety professionals generate knowledge on the job can help train skilled personnel and craft rules to keep communities safe.
了解生物安全专业人员如何在工作中产生知识，有助于培训技能人员和制定规则，以确保社区安全。
{"title":"The Making of a Biosafety Officer","authors":"David R Gillum","doi":"10.58875/duxo9603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58875/duxo9603","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how biosafety professionals generate knowledge on the job can help train skilled personnel and craft rules to keep communities safe.","PeriodicalId":50270,"journal":{"name":"Issues in Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49233315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decades-old research about how and why people share rumors is even more relevant in a world with social media.
几十年来关于人们如何以及为什么分享谣言的研究，在一个有社交媒体的世界里更具相关性。
{"title":"Rumors Have Rules","authors":"Emma S. Spiro, Kate Starbird","doi":"10.58875/cxgl5395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58875/cxgl5395","url":null,"abstract":"Decades-old research about how and why people share rumors is even more relevant in a world with social media.","PeriodicalId":50270,"journal":{"name":"Issues in Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49646676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“If we are simply creating techies who can only work with the technology, we’re in big trouble.”","authors":"Freeman A. Hrabowski, Sara Frueh","doi":"10.58875/xgeo4582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58875/xgeo4582","url":null,"abstract":"Freeman Hrabowski III talks about the importance of the humanities, culture change at universities, and scientists’ involvement in civic life.","PeriodicalId":50270,"journal":{"name":"Issues in Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47447887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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