Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.1177/01979183231218981
B. Balogun
It is often erroneously assumed that Russians and Ukrainians are the “same people.” This conviction of sameness partly drove the aggressive invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, with a determination to forcefully drag a sovereign nation onto an assumed similar destination with Russia and Belarus. Such an assault on a sovereign nation drew denunciations from organizations and people around the world. Nonetheless, by November 2022, the invasion had resulted in the tragic loss of numerous innocent Ukrainian lives and compelled an unprecedented number of people to seek sanctuary throughout Europe. The same event prompted a growing use of the language of imperialism to characterize Russia's supremacy, concurrently giving rise to the logic of Europeanness and whiteness. In this IMR Dispatch, I explore the impact of Europeanness, whiteness, and sameness on people of color fleeing the conflict in Ukraine. While it is crucial to examine the systematic racialization of these people, I argue that the racialized border enforcement witnessed during the conflict is better understood when viewed through the global color line embedded within migration and border management, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe where racialized logics are still underplayed.
{"title":"Refugees Separated by the Global Color Line: The Power of Europeanness, Whiteness, and Sameness","authors":"B. Balogun","doi":"10.1177/01979183231218981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183231218981","url":null,"abstract":"It is often erroneously assumed that Russians and Ukrainians are the “same people.” This conviction of sameness partly drove the aggressive invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, with a determination to forcefully drag a sovereign nation onto an assumed similar destination with Russia and Belarus. Such an assault on a sovereign nation drew denunciations from organizations and people around the world. Nonetheless, by November 2022, the invasion had resulted in the tragic loss of numerous innocent Ukrainian lives and compelled an unprecedented number of people to seek sanctuary throughout Europe. The same event prompted a growing use of the language of imperialism to characterize Russia's supremacy, concurrently giving rise to the logic of Europeanness and whiteness. In this IMR Dispatch, I explore the impact of Europeanness, whiteness, and sameness on people of color fleeing the conflict in Ukraine. While it is crucial to examine the systematic racialization of these people, I argue that the racialized border enforcement witnessed during the conflict is better understood when viewed through the global color line embedded within migration and border management, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe where racialized logics are still underplayed.","PeriodicalId":502780,"journal":{"name":"International Migration Review","volume":"101 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.1177/01979183231213002
Steve Tonah
{"title":"Book Review: Global Migration Beyond Limits. Ecology, Economics, and Political Economy by Franklin, Obeng-Odoom","authors":"Steve Tonah","doi":"10.1177/01979183231213002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183231213002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":502780,"journal":{"name":"International Migration Review","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139198817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-28DOI: 10.1177/01979183231216079
Yunju Nam, Sarah Richards-Desai, Absolom Abraha
This study examines associations between the ability to speak English, community language resources, and employment among immigrants in Western New York, United States. Building on existing literature that demonstrates the importance of individual human capital (English proficiency), social networks, and ethnic community resources in immigrants’ labor market outcomes, we introduce the concept of community-level language resources as a facilitator of immigrants’ economic integration. Using data from the American Community Survey and a measure of community language resources (the percentage of bilinguals among people speaking the same language in a community), we find that greater community language resources are associated with a significant increase in the likelihood of being employed for immigrant men with limited English proficiency. Regression analyses also show that neither individual English proficiency nor community language resources are significantly associated with immigrant women's probability of being employed. This study calls for attention to community language resources and individual human capital when designing research on and developing policies for immigrant populations. Findings also show the need for a gender-aware approach to research and practice with immigrant communities.
{"title":"Individual English Proficiency, Community Language Resources, and Immigrants’ Employment in Western New York: Evidence from the American Community Survey","authors":"Yunju Nam, Sarah Richards-Desai, Absolom Abraha","doi":"10.1177/01979183231216079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183231216079","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines associations between the ability to speak English, community language resources, and employment among immigrants in Western New York, United States. Building on existing literature that demonstrates the importance of individual human capital (English proficiency), social networks, and ethnic community resources in immigrants’ labor market outcomes, we introduce the concept of community-level language resources as a facilitator of immigrants’ economic integration. Using data from the American Community Survey and a measure of community language resources (the percentage of bilinguals among people speaking the same language in a community), we find that greater community language resources are associated with a significant increase in the likelihood of being employed for immigrant men with limited English proficiency. Regression analyses also show that neither individual English proficiency nor community language resources are significantly associated with immigrant women's probability of being employed. This study calls for attention to community language resources and individual human capital when designing research on and developing policies for immigrant populations. Findings also show the need for a gender-aware approach to research and practice with immigrant communities.","PeriodicalId":502780,"journal":{"name":"International Migration Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139217787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1177/01979183231216083
Chuling Huang
Why do states delegate regulatory responsibilities to labor brokers in guestworker programs? Though much has been written about how labor brokers not only mediate migrant mobility but also participate in guestworker governance, there is limited research on why states grant them such regulatory roles. Drawing on a case study of a guestworker program newly implemented in China in 2017, which incorporated a large number of Vietnamese temporary migrants, I examine why the local government in charge of the program chose to engage private labor dispatch agencies in regulating guestworkers. Based on interviews conducted in the winter of 2021, I argue that the fragmented capacities of local state actors and their divergent policy priorities from the central state contributed to labor brokers’ regulatory roles in guestworker governance. The lack of resources and interdepartmental collaboration constrained the local government's ability to enforce regulations and created opportunities for labor agencies to fill in as informal regulators. Furthermore, the local government's struggle to balance economic development goals with the national government's priorities on border security led to selective enforcement of rules, which strengthened the labor agencies’ regulatory positions. At the same time, labor agencies’ opportunistic behaviors also help stabilize the guestworker system by easing the tension between developmental gains and border security concerns resulting from labor migration.
{"title":"Capacity and Priority: Explaining the Regulatory Roles of Labor Brokers in China's Newly Established Guestworker Program","authors":"Chuling Huang","doi":"10.1177/01979183231216083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183231216083","url":null,"abstract":"Why do states delegate regulatory responsibilities to labor brokers in guestworker programs? Though much has been written about how labor brokers not only mediate migrant mobility but also participate in guestworker governance, there is limited research on why states grant them such regulatory roles. Drawing on a case study of a guestworker program newly implemented in China in 2017, which incorporated a large number of Vietnamese temporary migrants, I examine why the local government in charge of the program chose to engage private labor dispatch agencies in regulating guestworkers. Based on interviews conducted in the winter of 2021, I argue that the fragmented capacities of local state actors and their divergent policy priorities from the central state contributed to labor brokers’ regulatory roles in guestworker governance. The lack of resources and interdepartmental collaboration constrained the local government's ability to enforce regulations and created opportunities for labor agencies to fill in as informal regulators. Furthermore, the local government's struggle to balance economic development goals with the national government's priorities on border security led to selective enforcement of rules, which strengthened the labor agencies’ regulatory positions. At the same time, labor agencies’ opportunistic behaviors also help stabilize the guestworker system by easing the tension between developmental gains and border security concerns resulting from labor migration.","PeriodicalId":502780,"journal":{"name":"International Migration Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139253192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1177/01979183231216075
Tony Blomqvist Mickelsson
Forced migration from Ukraine is characterized by its distinctive demographic character: women, children, and the elderly. This distinctiveness is due to the sex-selective military recruiting law forcing Ukrainian men to stay in the country. Despite this law, anecdotal reports about Ukrainian men fleeing into neighboring countries have surfaced. As such, Ukrainian male refugees are a salient minority. In this article, I reflect on how this salient minority status affects Ukrainian male refugees. The sex-selective military recruiting law sends a potential message: Ukrainian men are not only legally supposed to stay in Ukraine, but strong normative forces are also at play. In short, stigma and shame are potential feelings that penetrate these men's day-to-day lives. I suggest that researchers approach the subject matter using two theoretical streams: (a) a gendered lens and (b) a theoretical framework of “promising victimhood” with notions of “undeserving” versus “deserving” refugees. I encourage researchers to do so while considering the sensitive situation in which Ukrainian male refugees find themselves.
{"title":"Safety, Shame, and Ambiguity — the Case of Ukrainian Male Refugees","authors":"Tony Blomqvist Mickelsson","doi":"10.1177/01979183231216075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183231216075","url":null,"abstract":"Forced migration from Ukraine is characterized by its distinctive demographic character: women, children, and the elderly. This distinctiveness is due to the sex-selective military recruiting law forcing Ukrainian men to stay in the country. Despite this law, anecdotal reports about Ukrainian men fleeing into neighboring countries have surfaced. As such, Ukrainian male refugees are a salient minority. In this article, I reflect on how this salient minority status affects Ukrainian male refugees. The sex-selective military recruiting law sends a potential message: Ukrainian men are not only legally supposed to stay in Ukraine, but strong normative forces are also at play. In short, stigma and shame are potential feelings that penetrate these men's day-to-day lives. I suggest that researchers approach the subject matter using two theoretical streams: (a) a gendered lens and (b) a theoretical framework of “promising victimhood” with notions of “undeserving” versus “deserving” refugees. I encourage researchers to do so while considering the sensitive situation in which Ukrainian male refugees find themselves.","PeriodicalId":502780,"journal":{"name":"International Migration Review","volume":"40 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139251367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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