Wildlife crime has been problematic in Assam, India, and Asian tigers, rhinos, and elephants are trafficked through illegal international networks mainly due to market demand. Against illicit poaching of wildlife, the Indian government has established protected areas that are managed by state forest departments in India. Despite this practice, little is known if workforce capacity can lead to effective wildlife management by controlling poaching threats. Using frontline staff numbers and salary as proxy variables, we conducted a novel empirical analysis for the relationship between workforce capacity and population size of endangered tigers, rhinos, and elephants in the Dibru Saikhowa, Kaziranga, Nemeri, and Orang national parks in Assam, India. The findings illustrate the need to enhance work capacity for tiger and rhino conservation and potential poaching control in protected areas of the Global South where conservation relies on human workforce capacity rather than sophisticated monitoring technologies.
{"title":"Controlling Wildlife Crime: The Positive Role of Workforce Capacity in Protected Areas","authors":"Sudha Balajapalli, Younsung Kim","doi":"10.5539/par.v13n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/par.v13n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"Wildlife crime has been problematic in Assam, India, and Asian tigers, rhinos, and elephants are trafficked through illegal international networks mainly due to market demand. Against illicit poaching of wildlife, the Indian government has established protected areas that are managed by state forest departments in India. Despite this practice, little is known if workforce capacity can lead to effective wildlife management by controlling poaching threats. Using frontline staff numbers and salary as proxy variables, we conducted a novel empirical analysis for the relationship between workforce capacity and population size of endangered tigers, rhinos, and elephants in the Dibru Saikhowa, Kaziranga, Nemeri, and Orang national parks in Assam, India. The findings illustrate the need to enhance work capacity for tiger and rhino conservation and potential poaching control in protected areas of the Global South where conservation relies on human workforce capacity rather than sophisticated monitoring technologies.","PeriodicalId":502814,"journal":{"name":"Public Administration Research","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiangzhuo Wang, Nor Ashikin Mohamed Yusof, S. H. Salleh
Land expropriation disputes, particularly those involving public land, are growing more prevalent in rural areas of China as urbanization picks up speed. Studies on land expropriation, urbanization, and farmers' rights abound, but there are very few that concentrate on the procedures used to settle public land disputes. There is a dearth of research on this topic, especially in rural areas where the focus is often on land expropriation during urbanization and urban land management challenges. This study uses interviews to examine the behaviors and effects of Chinese farmers who are pursuing public land rights to fill this research vacuum. To extract in-sights from the textual material provided by the interviews, the NVivo software tool was utilized in conjunction with the theme analysis technique. According to the study, these farmers mostly use normative claims and benefit distribution tactics, which reflects their intricate relationships inside the established legal system. Additionally, the study shows how farmers really implement land policy by using the social and political systems that are already in place to strengthen their negotiating position. These exchanges show that resolving conflicts over public land in rural areas is a social and political matter as much as a legal one, reflecting the dynamic shifts in power and interest structures within these communities. The study's conclusions give fresh viewpoints for comprehending and settling public land disputes in rural China, as well as important new information for developing and carrying out rural land policy.
{"title":"Negotiating Public Land Rights in Rural China: Insights into Conflict Resolution","authors":"Xiangzhuo Wang, Nor Ashikin Mohamed Yusof, S. H. Salleh","doi":"10.5539/par.v13n1p42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/par.v13n1p42","url":null,"abstract":"Land expropriation disputes, particularly those involving public land, are growing more prevalent in rural areas of China as urbanization picks up speed. Studies on land expropriation, urbanization, and farmers' rights abound, but there are very few that concentrate on the procedures used to settle public land disputes. There is a dearth of research on this topic, especially in rural areas where the focus is often on land expropriation during urbanization and urban land management challenges. This study uses interviews to examine the behaviors and effects of Chinese farmers who are pursuing public land rights to fill this research vacuum. To extract in-sights from the textual material provided by the interviews, the NVivo software tool was utilized in conjunction with the theme analysis technique. According to the study, these farmers mostly use normative claims and benefit distribution tactics, which reflects their intricate relationships inside the established legal system. Additionally, the study shows how farmers really implement land policy by using the social and political systems that are already in place to strengthen their negotiating position. These exchanges show that resolving conflicts over public land in rural areas is a social and political matter as much as a legal one, reflecting the dynamic shifts in power and interest structures within these communities. The study's conclusions give fresh viewpoints for comprehending and settling public land disputes in rural China, as well as important new information for developing and carrying out rural land policy.","PeriodicalId":502814,"journal":{"name":"Public Administration Research","volume":"47 s164","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140223467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the Nutritional Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) among parents of young school children in Eastern Nepal, with a specific focus on the impact of school type and gender. A survey conducted among 139 parents of grade 4 to 6 students in Halesi Tuwachung Municipality, Khotang district, examined parental KAP in relation to the type of schooling their children received, and distinguishing between private and public schools. Utilizing guidelines from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), data collection involved home visits and response analysis. A higher proportion of female, 92 out of 139 attributes to the emigration of males, which has resulted in a greater availability of females compared to their male counterparts. Significant variations were found in parental KAP based on the type of schools attended by their children (p < 0.002 for knowledge, p = 0.08 for attitude, and p < 0.01 for practice). Parents of children in private schools exhibited higher scores in knowledge and practice compared to those in public schools. Gender differences persisted, with female parents generally scoring lower in knowledge. The study also revealed a lower nutritional knowledge among females (ß=-1.7, p = 0.06). These findings may hint the socio-economic influences on nutritional KAP disparities and advocate for targeted interventions involving both parents, addressing differences across private and public schools. The study calls for future research with larger sample sizes to provide a more comprehensive understanding of these dynamics, suggesting a focus on gender-specific assessments within nutritional policies or national projects led by the Government of Nepal (GoN).
本研究探讨了尼泊尔东部学龄儿童家长的营养知识、态度和做法（KAP），特别关注学校类型和性别的影响。调查对象是霍唐县 Halesi Tuwachung 市四至六年级的 139 名学生家长，研究了家长的营养知识、态度和做法与其子女接受的学校教育类型的关系，并对私立学校和公立学校进行了区分。根据联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）的指导方针，数据收集包括家访和回复分析。在 139 位受访者中，92 位女性的比例较高，这是因为男性移民导致女性的比例高于男性。根据子女就读学校的类型，家长的 KAP 存在显著差异（知识方面的差异为 p <0.002，态度方面的差异为 p =0.08，实践方面的差异为 p <0.01）。与就读公立学校的家长相比，就读私立学校的家长在知识和实践方面的得分更高。性别差异依然存在，女性家长在知识方面的得分普遍较低。研究还显示，女性的营养知识水平较低（ß=-1.7，p=0.06）。这些发现可能暗示了社会经济因素对营养 KAP 差异的影响，并提倡采取有针对性的干预措施，让父母双方都参与进来，解决私立学校和公立学校之间的差异。该研究呼吁今后开展样本量更大的研究，以便更全面地了解这些动态变化，并建议在尼泊尔政府（GoN）领导的营养政策或国家项目中重点开展针对不同性别的评估。
{"title":"Study of Nutritional Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Parents of Young Children in Public and Private Schools in Rural Nepal","authors":"Dinesh Prasad Joshi Ratala, Sharaddha Rai, Pratisha Joshi, Aanchal Shrestha, Mahesh Sarki","doi":"10.5539/par.v13n1p32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/par.v13n1p32","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the Nutritional Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) among parents of young school children in Eastern Nepal, with a specific focus on the impact of school type and gender. A survey conducted among 139 parents of grade 4 to 6 students in Halesi Tuwachung Municipality, Khotang district, examined parental KAP in relation to the type of schooling their children received, and distinguishing between private and public schools. Utilizing guidelines from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), data collection involved home visits and response analysis. A higher proportion of female, 92 out of 139 attributes to the emigration of males, which has resulted in a greater availability of females compared to their male counterparts. Significant variations were found in parental KAP based on the type of schools attended by their children (p < 0.002 for knowledge, p = 0.08 for attitude, and p < 0.01 for practice). Parents of children in private schools exhibited higher scores in knowledge and practice compared to those in public schools. Gender differences persisted, with female parents generally scoring lower in knowledge. The study also revealed a lower nutritional knowledge among females (ß=-1.7, p = 0.06). These findings may hint the socio-economic influences on nutritional KAP disparities and advocate for targeted interventions involving both parents, addressing differences across private and public schools. The study calls for future research with larger sample sizes to provide a more comprehensive understanding of these dynamics, suggesting a focus on gender-specific assessments within nutritional policies or national projects led by the Government of Nepal (GoN).","PeriodicalId":502814,"journal":{"name":"Public Administration Research","volume":"217 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140233992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leadership in Saudi Arabia is one of the major objectives of Vision 2030, which is aimed at developing the country’s private, public and nonprofit organizations (NPOs). Leadership therefore needs to incorporate key issues that are emerging in the context of preparing necessary skills to lead such organizations in the future. This research provides qualitative insights into leadership practice by measuring the impacts on achieving sustainability leadership by gaining a full understanding of the processes nonprofit sector leaders use to encourage sustainability and change in their organizations. Encouraging sustainability requires specific competencies, and strong leadership is critical to the process of ensuring that governance becomes sustainable. In this study a qualitative methodology was designed, and fifteen Executive directors CEOs from NPOs took part in semi-structured interviews as well as one focus group containing six professionals from non-profit corporate sectors including education, health, environmental clubs, foundations and human resources. Thematic analysis was applied to analyse critical elements that governed individuals’ ability to contribute to institutional results. The findings demonstrated eight areas of results-based functions and activities of sustainable nonprofit leadership to identify insights into leadership. These are governance arrangements, leadership as a dynamic role, teamwork empowerment, strategy and procedure processes, control and governance resources, collaboration and network relationships, encouraging social investment, and social value results. The findings suggest that leaders of various NPOs have to overcome external and internal challenges effectively in order to succeed in their mission focusing on financial and social purposes. Exploring the nature of sustainability leadership competencies in Saudi NPOs will result in learning, innovation and change in terms of outcomes by helping leaders to add social value as a core factor of their mission.
{"title":"Sustainability Leadership in Saudi Non-profit Organizations: A Qualitative Insight Governance","authors":"R. Mohammed","doi":"10.5539/par.v13n1p13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/par.v13n1p13","url":null,"abstract":"Leadership in Saudi Arabia is one of the major objectives of Vision 2030, which is aimed at developing the country’s private, public and nonprofit organizations (NPOs). Leadership therefore needs to incorporate key issues that are emerging in the context of preparing necessary skills to lead such organizations in the future. This research provides qualitative insights into leadership practice by measuring the impacts on achieving sustainability leadership by gaining a full understanding of the processes nonprofit sector leaders use to encourage sustainability and change in their organizations. Encouraging sustainability requires specific competencies, and strong leadership is critical to the process of ensuring that governance becomes sustainable. In this study a qualitative methodology was designed, and fifteen Executive directors CEOs from NPOs took part in semi-structured interviews as well as one focus group containing six professionals from non-profit corporate sectors including education, health, environmental clubs, foundations and human resources. Thematic analysis was applied to analyse critical elements that governed individuals’ ability to contribute to institutional results. The findings demonstrated eight areas of results-based functions and activities of sustainable nonprofit leadership to identify insights into leadership. These are governance arrangements, leadership as a dynamic role, teamwork empowerment, strategy and procedure processes, control and governance resources, collaboration and network relationships, encouraging social investment, and social value results. The findings suggest that leaders of various NPOs have to overcome external and internal challenges effectively in order to succeed in their mission focusing on financial and social purposes. Exploring the nature of sustainability leadership competencies in Saudi NPOs will result in learning, innovation and change in terms of outcomes by helping leaders to add social value as a core factor of their mission.","PeriodicalId":502814,"journal":{"name":"Public Administration Research","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140264336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article seeks to clarify the political reasons and behavioral biases that led the Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum (ANP) to fail in its institutional mission to promote competition in the refinery sector, which was one of the leading causes of the Brazilian truckers' strike in 2018. Following the steps of Hood (1974), who differentiates internal and external problems in the organization, five hypotheses were formulated to identify the causes of this regulatory failure. These hypotheses allow us to recognize the conflicts that emerge from the relationship between the ANP and its external stakeholders and the internal organizational factors that cause coordination problems and attention bias in the institution's daily decision-making process. Based on interviews conducted with former ANP directors and the application of a questionnaire to employees of that institution, it was found that the agency's lack of independence from the Federal Government made the institution not strive for a more competitive refinery sector. Furthermore, several internal coordination problems and bad decisions by political bureaucrats were also crucial factors in the regulatory inefficiency, making the promotion of competition in the refinery sector outside the institution's priorities. Analyzing the causes of this regulatory failure in Brazil is essential because the global regulatory system has several structural flaws that only become apparent when high-impact events appear. Therefore, this study can provide insights into different regulation domains, allowing countries to assess their regulatory systems to perceive the need for change, preventing their population from suffering from the dysfunctions of public administration.
{"title":"Failing to Promote Competition: From the Inaction of the Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum to the 2018 Brazil Truckers' Strike","authors":"Marcelo Vitor Martins de Meneses","doi":"10.5539/par.v13n1p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/par.v13n1p1","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to clarify the political reasons and behavioral biases that led the Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum (ANP) to fail in its institutional mission to promote competition in the refinery sector, which was one of the leading causes of the Brazilian truckers' strike in 2018. Following the steps of Hood (1974), who differentiates internal and external problems in the organization, five hypotheses were formulated to identify the causes of this regulatory failure. These hypotheses allow us to recognize the conflicts that emerge from the relationship between the ANP and its external stakeholders and the internal organizational factors that cause coordination problems and attention bias in the institution's daily decision-making process. Based on interviews conducted with former ANP directors and the application of a questionnaire to employees of that institution, it was found that the agency's lack of independence from the Federal Government made the institution not strive for a more competitive refinery sector. Furthermore, several internal coordination problems and bad decisions by political bureaucrats were also crucial factors in the regulatory inefficiency, making the promotion of competition in the refinery sector outside the institution's priorities. Analyzing the causes of this regulatory failure in Brazil is essential because the global regulatory system has several structural flaws that only become apparent when high-impact events appear. Therefore, this study can provide insights into different regulation domains, allowing countries to assess their regulatory systems to perceive the need for change, preventing their population from suffering from the dysfunctions of public administration.","PeriodicalId":502814,"journal":{"name":"Public Administration Research","volume":"98 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139182111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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